英漢對(duì)照?qǐng)D示基礎(chǔ)工程學(xué)第十二章樁基礎(chǔ)-單樁

1、第十二章 樁基礎(chǔ)-單樁Chapter12 Pile foundation-single piles301.Piles樁pile cap樁帽piles樁soft clay軟粘土sand砂土raker pile斜樁batter pile斜樁302.Vibrations振動(dòng)tanks貯罐silos筒倉(cāng)chimneys煙囪machine foundations機(jī)器基礎(chǔ)sand砂土ground water地下水303.Examples of pile foundations樁基礎(chǔ)的例子compaction piles壓實(shí)樁raked piles斜樁damping of piles樁的阻尼small da

2、mping小阻尼vibrations振動(dòng)304.Stability of bridge abutment橋墩的穩(wěn)定性soft clay軟粘土fill填土bridge abutment橋墩305.Embankment piles路堤樁soft clay軟粘土raked piles斜樁bridge abutment橋墩f(shuō)ill填土306.Anchor piles for dry docks，subway stations干船塢或地鐵車站下的錨樁ground water地下水up-lift上浮力anchor piles錨樁307.Offshore structures on piles樁支撐的離岸結(jié)

3、構(gòu)物cyclic loading循環(huán)荷載scour沖刺compression壓縮steel pipe piles鋼管樁tension force拉力308.Stabilisation of slope by piles邊坡用樁穩(wěn)定slope stability邊坡穩(wěn)定性large diameter pile大直徑樁steel pipe piles鋼管樁failure surface破壞面309.Design of embankment piles路堤樁的設(shè)計(jì)failure surface破壞面clay粘土precast piles預(yù)制樁310.Anchor piles in swelling

4、soil膨脹土中的錨樁seasonal changes季節(jié)性變化swelling clay膨脹性粘土montmorillonite蒙脫石high liquid limit高液限high plasticity index高塑性指數(shù)building建筑物311.Examples of pile types樁型應(yīng)用的例子driven piles打入樁bored piles鉆孔樁jacked-down piles靜壓樁screw piles螺旋樁hydraulic jack液壓樁312.Piles foundations樁基礎(chǔ)concrete pile混凝土樁steel pile鋼樁timber木樁H

5、 pile H型樁313.Piles types樁型large displacement piles大量擠土樁small displacement piles少量擠土樁non-displacement piles非擠土樁bored piles鉆孔樁precast piles預(yù)制樁pipe piles管樁cased有套管uncased無(wú)套管box piles箱形樁driven cast-in-place piles沉管灌注樁314.Loading conditions of piles樁的荷載情況compression受壓lateral load受側(cè)向荷載tension受拉315.Load tr

6、ansfer to piles樁的荷載傳遞friction or floating piles摩擦樁或懸浮樁end bearing piles端承樁clay粘土sand砂土rock巖石316.Timber piles木樁advantages優(yōu)點(diǎn)difficulties難點(diǎn)limit bearing capacity極限承載力soft clay軟粘土tip樁尖shaft樁身ground water地下水butt樁頂marine borers海生木蛀蟲317.Pile splices樁的連接steel sleeve鋼套steel strap鋼板條318.Splices and rock point

7、s樁的連接和入巖樁尖rock point入巖樁尖319.Precast concrete piles預(yù)制混凝土樁point樁尖concrete混凝土reinforcement加筋pile diameter樁徑shoe樁靴320.Lifting of piles樁的吊裝pile length樁長(zhǎng)lifting hooks吊鉤moment彎矩321.Prestressed concrete piles預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土樁height strength concrete高強(qiáng)混凝土brittle脆性reduced cracking減少裂縫reduced ductility延展性差322.Concrete s

8、trength（CP 2004）混凝土強(qiáng)度（CP 2004）cube strength立方體強(qiáng)度hard driving難以打入normal to easy driving從正常到易于打入high capacity承載力高reduced weight重量減輕easy driving易于打入323.Installation of jacked-down piles靜壓樁的成樁pump泵manometer壓力計(jì)steel insert鋼墊片hydraulic jack液壓千斤頂pile segment樁段324.Bored piles鉆孔樁auger螺旋鉆reinforcement鋼筋籠tremm

9、ie pipe導(dǎo)管concreting灌注混凝土325.Examples of bored piles鉆孔灌注樁的例子bored piles鉆孔樁drilling of shaft樁孔鉆進(jìn)drilling of bell擴(kuò)大頭鉆進(jìn)concrete混凝土stiff clay硬粘土reinforcement鋼筋籠326.Bored piles with bell有支盤的鉆孔樁bells支盤327.Cast-in-place piles就地灌注樁casing鋼管樁driving打（樁）casing filled with water套管充水casing filled with concrete套管中

10、灌注混凝土reinforcement鋼筋籠328.Necking during casting of pile shaft in soft clay軟粘土中灌注樁身混凝土?xí)r發(fā)生縮徑casing套管soft clay軟粘土sand or silt砂土或粉土ground water地下水329.Slurry trench wall construction泥漿連續(xù)墻施工ground water地下水surface casing地下護(hù)筒bentonite slurry膨潤(rùn)土泥漿chisel沖抓pouring of concrete灌注混凝土lowering of reinforcement elem

11、ent下放鋼筋籠330.Shapes of slurry trench pile elements泥漿護(hù)壁類樁型的形狀size尺寸331.Raymond step tapered pile雷蒙特錐形樁steel shell鋼殼steel core鋼芯light bulb小球體reinforcement cage鋼筋籠casting of concrete灌注混凝土332.Franki pile弗蘭基樁concrete plug混凝土塞bulb球形物internal hammer內(nèi)夯樁prefabricated pri:fbrikeitid shaft預(yù)制樁身light casing薄壁套管33

12、3.Steel H-pipeH-型鋼樁easy to drive易于打入easy to cut易于切斷corrosionkrun腐蝕expensive昂貴splicing分段連接soil plug土塞driving shoe樁靴steel plate鋼板wielding焊接334.Steel pipe piles鋼管樁diameter直徑closed or open ended閉口或開口soil plug土塞diameter直徑335.Corrosion腐蝕steel piles鋼樁concrete piles混凝土樁National Bureaubjuru of Standards國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局

13、splices連接reinforcement鋼筋salt water海水resistivity電阻系數(shù)salt water海水encased in concrete做混凝土外殼cathodickdik protection陰極保護(hù)painting涂刷epoxyepksi環(huán)氧樹脂336.Settlement around during driving in sand砂土中沉樁時(shí)樁周土發(fā)生沉降settlement沉降diameter直徑compaction within this zone在此范圍內(nèi)壓實(shí)337.Effect of pile driving in clay粘土中打樁的影響soft c

14、lay軟粘土heave隆起volume體積remoulded zone重塑區(qū)pore water pressure孔隙水壓力undrained shear strength不排水抗剪強(qiáng)度338.Redriving of piles in clay粘性土中樁的復(fù)打risen piles上抬的樁redriving復(fù)打heave隆起soft clay軟粘土separation of splice接樁處脫開339.Load distribution along pile荷載沿樁身的分布sand砂土clay粘土point resistance樁尖阻力shaft resistance樁側(cè)阻力340.Pil

15、e load as function of pile displacement樁荷載為樁位移的函數(shù)load荷載displacement位移soft clay軟粘土stiff clay硬粘土sand砂土cast in place pile就地灌注樁driven pile打入樁with bell有大頭341.Load deformation relationship of piles樁的荷載與變形的關(guān)系pile load樁荷載displacement位移point resistance端阻力skin resistance表面摩阻力/樁周阻力342.Direction of pile loading

16、樁承受荷載的方向compression受壓tension受拉weight of pile樁的自重factor of safety安全系數(shù)allowable load容許荷載point resistance端阻力shaft resistance側(cè)阻力343.Determination of bearing capacity at pile point樁端承載力的確定end bearing端承力undrained shear strength不排水抗剪強(qiáng)度bearing capacity factor承載力系數(shù)344.Pile bearing capacity according to Meyer

17、hof梅耶霍夫?qū)兜某休d力的計(jì)算friction angle摩擦角bearing capacity factor承載力系數(shù)345.Bearing capacity factor of piles樁的承載力系數(shù)Terzaghi太沙基（人名）Berezantsev別列贊采夫（人名）Meyerhof梅耶霍夫（人名）Vesic維西克（人名）Brinch Hansen勃林奇漢森（人名）Debeer德皮爾（人名）friction angle摩擦角346.Failure mechanism at pile point樁端的破壞機(jī)理point resistance端阻力rigidity index剛度指數(shù)fa

18、ilure surface破壞面compressibility可壓縮性347.Comparison of cone resistance and pile point resistance圓錐貫入阻力與樁端阻力的比較area of pile樁的截面積sand砂土348.Comparison of SPT N-value and pile point resistance標(biāo)準(zhǔn)貫入試驗(yàn)N值與樁端阻力的比較SPT標(biāo)準(zhǔn)貫入試驗(yàn)sand砂土pile diameter樁徑349.Lateral pressure against pile shaft樁身的側(cè)壓力bored pile鉆孔樁small disp

19、lacement pile少量擠土樁large displacement pile 大量擠土樁straight shaft直身tapered shaft錐形樁身lateral earth pressure側(cè)土壓力350.Determination of capacity in sand砂土中樁承載力的確定loose松散dense密實(shí)coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest靜止側(cè)土壓力系數(shù)small Vesic小維西克（人名）displacement pile擠土樁non-displacement pile非擠土樁tapered pile錐形樁3

20、51.Pile shaft capacity in sand砂土中樁身的承載力pile type樁型sand砂土critical depth臨界深度352.Lateral pressure against pile shaft樁身的側(cè)壓力Mansur & Hunter曼舍與洪特（人名）Tavenas泰凡納斯（人名）Ireland愛(ài)爾蘭（人名）lateral earth pressure側(cè)土壓力step taper piles多級(jí)錐形樁353.Critical depth of pile shaft resistance樁身阻力的臨界深度f(wàn)riction angle摩擦角bearing capa

21、city value承載值diameter直徑length長(zhǎng)度354.Estimate of pile capacity based on Weight Sounding Test（WST）重力觸探試驗(yàn)（WST）估算樁的承載力half-turns半轉(zhuǎn)timber piles木樁concrete piles混凝土樁Norwegian Pile Commission挪威樁基委員會(huì)skin area表面積355.Failure surface at pile point in clay粘土中樁端的破壞面failure surface破壞面diameter直徑area of pile樁的截面356.S

22、kin friction resistance along pile shaft摩阻力沿樁身的分布cone penetration test圓錐貫入試驗(yàn)friction sleeve摩阻套small displacement pile少量擠土樁large displacement pile大量擠土樁357.Bearing capacity of piles in clay粘土中的樁的承載力normally consolidated clay正常固結(jié)粘土overconsolidated clay超固結(jié)粘土undrained shear strength不排水抗剪強(qiáng)度reduction折減ground surface地表358.Lambda-methodLambda方法offshore structures離岸結(jié)構(gòu)物depth深度mean value平均值skin resistance樁周阻力359.Estimate of pile skin resistance in clay粘土中樁側(cè)阻力的估算effective overburden pressure有效覆蓋壓力Flaate法萊特（人名）Selnes薩爾奈斯（人名）undrained shea