高中英語 Unit 1 Great Scientists（第5課時(shí)）Grammar 新人教版必修5

1、Translate the following phrases, and try to find out what the items relate to,一片碎玻璃 開水 一枚用過的郵票 一箱埋起來的硬幣 穿破的鞋子 一臺(tái)損壞了的計(jì)算機(jī),結(jié)論：以上的短語都帶有過去分詞，這些過去分詞都是充當(dāng)定語，而且我們都可以用過去分詞作表語的形式來改寫以上短語,a broken piece of glass,boiled water,a used stamp,a buried box of coins,a damaged puter,wornout shoes,Complete the table with

2、 phrases that have the same meaning,Past Participle Past Participle as the Attribute as the predicative terrified people 1. reserved seats 2. polluted water 3. a crowded room 4. a pleased winner 5,people who are terrified,seats which are reserved,water that is polluted,a room that is crowded,a winne

3、r who is pleased,Past Participle Past Participle as the Predicative as the Attribute 1. children who 1. look astonished 2. a vase that is broken 2. 3. a door that is closed 3. 4. the audience who feel tired 4. 5. an animal that is trapped 5,astonished children,a broken vase,a closed door,the tired a

4、udience,a trapped animal,Grammar,一、過去分詞作定語 1、單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語時(shí)一般兼有被動(dòng)和完成的意義，常作前置定語。 eg：a lost animal 一只迷路的動(dòng)物 a used stamp 一枚用過的郵票 an injured finger 一個(gè)受傷的手指 a broken coin 一枚破損的硬幣 a lighted candle 一支點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭 注意：過去分詞作定語時(shí)，有時(shí)只有被動(dòng)意義。 e.g.：spoken English 英語口語 written exercises 書面練習(xí),少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞只有完成的意義 fall

5、en leaves 落葉 the risen sun 升起來的太陽 the advanced countries 發(fā)達(dá)國家 drunken man 一個(gè)醉鬼 a returned student 一名留學(xué)生 a retired teacher 一名退休教師 an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯 by-gone days 過去的歲月,2、過去分詞作后置定語，表示被動(dòng)和或完成意義。 e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods! 我多懊悔在樹林浪費(fèi)的時(shí)光啊 I like wearing clothes made of thi

6、s kind of cloth 我喜歡穿這種布料做的衣服。 e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular 魯迅寫的書很受歡迎 We11 go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 我們要去看那座建于幾百年前的橋,Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses. 1） He told us of the great wrong done to him. = He told us of the great wrong _ to

7、 him,which had been done,注：本句中的過去分詞作定語，既表被動(dòng)又表完成,2） The United States is a developed country. = The United Stated is a country _,which has developed,注：本句中的過去分詞作定語，只表示完成,3） Have you noticed the bridge being built there? = Have you noticed the bridge _ there,which is being built,注：本句中的過去分詞作定語，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作正在

8、進(jìn)行,二、過去分詞作表語 1、過去分詞作表語，表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，其前的系動(dòng)詞有包括be在內(nèi)的多種形式。 e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 聽了他的發(fā)言，在場的所有人都很振奮。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了驚嚇,2、過去分詞作表語，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別： 過去分詞作表語，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)；而被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，主語是動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的承受者。 e.g.：This shop is now closed 這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。(狀態(tài)) This shop is closed at 6

9、 pm everyday 這家商店每天6點(diǎn)關(guān)門。(動(dòng)作,Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative,1. 丟了錢他自責(zé)不已。 He _ about losing the money. 2、你為什么總是看上很疲勞？這些日子睡得好嗎？ Why do you always _ ? Do you sleep well these days? 3.我對(duì)昨晚看的電影很失望。我原以為它能好些。 I _ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to

10、be better,got blamed,look so tired,was disappointed with,4.聽說那位明星死了，人人都很驚訝。 Everybody _to hear the death of the famous film star 5.要去動(dòng)物園了，孩子們非常興奮。 The children _ going to the zoo 6.他的傷口感染了一種新病毒. His wound _ a new virus,was shocked,are really excited about,became infected with,Linda worked for the Mi

11、nnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known,高考鏈接,B,解析：答案B。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，3M與know之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng),2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded,

12、高考鏈接,A,解析：答案A。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，disc與record之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示,3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known,高考鏈接,D,解析：答案D。know與words，expressions，phrases構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng),4. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. sm