完整版)土木工程畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

1、南昌大學(xué)外文翻譯題目：南昌教育局機(jī)關(guān)辦公樓院（系）專 業(yè)土木工程班 級(jí)091姓名學(xué)號(hào)導(dǎo) 師熊進(jìn)I剛2012年3月7日Building construction concrete crack of prevention and processing AbstractThe crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve of engineering actual problem, this text carried on a study analysis to a little bi

2、t familiar crack problem in the concrete engineering, and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward some prevention, processing measure.Keyword:Concrete crack prevention processingForewordConcretes ising 1 kind is anticipate by the freestone bone, cement, water and other mixture but formation of

3、the in addition material of quality brittleness not and all material.Because the concrete construction transform with oneself, control etc. a series problem, model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny and a little bit other use function not a creation to endanger.But after the concrete be subj

4、ected to lotus carry, difference in temperature etc. function, tiny crack would continuouslyofexpand with connect, end formation we can see without the aid of instruments of macro view the crack be also the crack that the concrete often say in the engineering.Concrete building and Gou piece usually

5、all take sewer to make of, because of crack of existence and development usually make inner part of reinforcing bar etc. material creation decay, lower reinforced concrete material of loading ability, durable and anti- Shen ability, influence building of external appearance, service life, severity w

6、ill threat arrive peoples life and property safety.A lot of all of crash of engineeringsis because of the unsteady development of the crack with the result that.Modern age science research with a great deal of of the concrete engineering practice certificate, in the concrete engineering crack proble

7、m is ineluctable, also acceptable in certainly of the scope justneed to adopt valid of measure will it endanger degree control at certain of scope inside.The reinforced concrete norm is also explicit provision:Some structure at place of dissimilarity under the condition allow existence certain the c

8、rack of width.But at under construction should as far as possible adopt a valid measure control crack creation, make the structure dont appear crack possibly or as far as possible decrease crack of amount and width, particularly want to as far as possible avoid of the reason be a lot of and , the as

9、ymmetry sink to sink etc. reason cause of crack;Have outside carry the crack that the function cause;Protected environment not appropriate the crack etc. caused with chemical effect.Want differentiation to treat in the actual engineering, workout a problem according to the actual circumstance.In the

10、 concrete engineering the familiar crack and the prevention1.Stem Suo crack and preventionStem the Suo crack much appear after the concrete protect be over of a period of time or concrete sprinkle to build to complete behind of around a week.In the cement syrup stem Suo, and this kind of constringen

11、cyis cant negative.Stem Suo crack of the creation be main is because of concrete inside outside of influence, surface more big pull should dint but creation crack.The relative .Stem the Suo crack is much surface parallel lines form or the net shallow thin crack, width many between 0.05-0.2 mm, the f

12、lat surface part much see in the big physical volume concrete and follow it more in thinner beam plank short to distribute.Stem Suo crack usually the anti- Shen of influence concrete, cause the durable of the rust eclipse influence concrete of reinforcing bar, under the function of the water pressur

13、e dint would creation the water power split crack influence concrete of loading dint etc.Concrete stem the Suo be main with water ash of the concrete ratio, the dosage of the composition, cement of cement, gather to anticipate of the dosage of the property and dosage, in addition etc. relevant.Main

14、prevention measure:While being to choose to use the constringencyquantity smaller cement, general low the adoption, lower the dosageof cement.Two is a concrete of stem the Suo be subjected to water ash ratio of influence more big, water ash ratio more big, stem Suo more big, so in the concrete match

15、 the ratio the design should as far as possible control good water ash ratio of choose to use, the Chan add in the meantime accommodation of reduce water.Three is strict control concrete mix blend with under constructionof match ratio, use of concrete water quantity absolutecant big in match ratio d

16、esign give settle of use water quantity.Four is the earlier period which strengthen concrete to protect, and appropriate extension protect of concrete time.Winter construction want to be appropriate extension concrete to overlay time, and Tu2 Shua protect to protect.Five is a constitution the accomm

17、odation is in the concrete structure of the constringency sew.2.The Su constringency crack and preventionSu constringency is the concrete isbefore condense, surface because of lose water quicker but creation of constringency.The Su constringency crack is general at dry the center breadth, both ends

18、be in the centerthin and the length be different, with each other not coherent appearance.Shorter crack general long 20-30 cm, the longer crack can reach to a 2-3 m, breadth 1-5 mm.It creation of main reason is:The concrete is eventually almost in the capillary creation bigger negative press but mak

19、e a concrete physical volume sharplyconstringency, but at this time the strength of concrete again cant resist its constringency, therefore creation cracked.The influence concrete Su constringencyopen the main factor of crack to prevention measure:One is choose to use stem the Suo value smaller the

20、Huo sour brine mire.Two is strict the control water ash ratio, the Chan add to efficiently reduce water to increment the collapse of concrete fall a degree and with easy, decrease cement and water of dosage.Threeis to sprinkle before building concrete,water basic level and template even to soak thro

21、ugh.Four is in time to overlay the perhaps damp grass mat of the plastics thin film, protect in the concretesurface.Five is in the and block breeze facilities, protect in time.3.Sink to sink crack and preventionThe creation which sink to sink crack is because of the structure foundation soil quality

22、 not and evenly, loose soft or return to fill soil dishonest or soak in water but result in the asymmetry sink to decline with the result that;Perhaps because of template just degree shortage, the template propped up to once be apart from big or prop up bottom loose move etc. to cause, especially at

23、 winter, the template prop up at jelly soil up, jelly the soil turn jelly empress creation asymmetry to sink to decline and cause concrete structure creation crack.This kind crack many is deep enter or pierce through sex crack, it alignment development, bigger sink to sink crack, usually of wrong, c

24、rack width usually with sink to decline quantity direct proportion relation.Crack width under the influence of temperature variety smaller.The foundation after transform stability sink to sink crack also basic tend in stability.Main prevention measure:One is rightness loosesoft soil, return to fill

25、soil foundation a construction at the upper part structure front should carry on necessityof Hang solid with reinforce.Two is the strength that assurance template is enough and just degree, and prop up firm, and make the foundation be subjected to dint even.Three is keep concrete from sprinkle infus

26、ing the foundation in the processis soak by water.Four is time that template tore down to cant be too early, and want to notice to dismantle a mold order of sequence.Five is at jelly soil top take to establish template to notice to adopt certain of prevention measure.4.Temperature crack and preventi

27、onTemperature crack much the occurrence is in big surface or difference in temperature variety of the physical volume concrete compare the earth area of the concrete structure.Concrete after sprinkling to build, in the a creation a great deal of of water turn the kgm 3, each sign square the rice con

28、crete will release a calories of kJ and make concrete internal thus the temperature rise to reach to 70 C or so even inside outside of bigger difference in temperature, the bigger difference in temperature result in inner part and exterior certain of pull should dint.When pull should dint exceed the

29、 anti- of concrete pull strength extreme limit, concrete surface meeting creation crack, this kind of crack much occurrence after the concrete under construction period.In the concrete of under construction be difference in temperature variety more big, perhaps is a concrete to be subjected to assau

30、lt of cold wave etc., will cause concrete surface the temperature sharply descend, but creation constringency, surface constringency of the concrete be subjected to inner part concrete of control, creation very big of pull should dint but creation crack, this kind of crack usually just in more shall

31、ow scope of the concrete surface creation.The alignment of the temperature crack usually none settle regulation, big area structure the crack often maneuver interleave;The size bigger structure of the beam plank length, the crack run parallel with short side more;Thorough with pierce through sex of

32、temperature crack general and short side direction parallelism or close parallelism, crack along long side cent the segment appear, in the center more airtight.Crack width the size be different, be subjected to temperature variety influence more obvious,winter compare breadth, summer more narrow.The

33、 concrete temperature crack that the cause is usually in the center the thick both ends be thin, but cold Suo crack of thick thin variety not too obvious.The emergence of the this kind crack will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar, the carbonization of concrete, the anti- jelly which lower co

34、ncrete melt, antitired and anti- Shen ability etc.Main prevention measure:One is as far as possiblechooseto use low the 450 kgm 3 following.Three is to lower water ash ratio, water ash of the general concrete ratio control below 0.6.Four is improvement the bone anticipate class to go together with,

35、the Chan add powder ash from stove or efficiently reduce water etc. to come to reduce cement dosage and lower water to turn improvement concrete of mix blend to processa craft, lower sprinkle of concrete to build temperature.Six is the in addition that the Chan add a in the concrete, improvement the

36、 concrete mix to match a thing of mobility, protect water, lower water to turn is the sprinkle to build can the adoption take to establish to plank etc. assistance measure control concrete of Wen Sheng, lower to sprinkle temperature of build the concrete.Eight is the temperature of big physical volu

37、me concreteshould the dint relate to structure size, concrete structure size more big, temperature should dint more big, so want reasonable arrangement construction work preface, layering, cent the piece sprinkle to build, for the convenienceof in spread of the physical volume concrete cool off pipi

38、ng, cold water perhaps cold air cool off, let up concrete of inside outside difference in temperature.Ten is the supervision which strengthen concrete temperature, adopt to cool off in time, protection measure.11 is to reserve temperature constringency to sew.12 is to let up to control, sprinkle pro

39、per before building concrete in the Ji rock and old concrete top build a 5 mm or so sand mat a layer or usage asphalt etc. material Tu2 Shua.13 is to strengthen concrete to protect, the concrete after sprinkle build use moist grass Lian in time, sprinkle water to protect, appropriate extension prote

40、ct time, assurance the concrete surface be slow-moving cool off.At the cold season,concrete surface should constitution measure, in order to prevent cold wave assault.14 is the allocation be a little amount in the concrete of reinforcing bar perhaps add fiber material concrete of temperature crack c

41、ontrol at certain of scope inside.5.Crack and prevention that the chemical reaction causeAlkali bones anticipating the crack that reaction crack and reinforcing bar rust eclipse cause is the most familiar in the reinforced concrete structure of because of chemical reaction but cause of crack.The con

42、crete blend a future reunion creation some alkalescenceion, these ion with some activity the bone anticipate creation chemical reaction and absorb surroundings environment in of water but the physical volume enlarge, make concrete crisp loose, inflation open crack.In this kind of crack general emerg

43、ence concrete structure usage period, once appear very difficult remediable, so should at under construction adopt valid the measure carry on prevention.Main of prevention measure:While being to choose to anticipate with the alkali activity small freestone bone.Two is the in addition which chooseto

44、use low lye mire with low alkali or which choose to use accommodation with anticipate to repress an alkali bone to anticipate reaction.Because the concrete sprinkle to build, flap Dao bad perhaps is a reinforcing bar protection layer thinner, the rust eclipse, the reinforcing bar physical volume of

45、the rust eclipse inflation, cause concrete bulge crack, the crack of this kind type much is a crack lengthways, follow the position of reinforcing bar appear.Usually of prevent measure from the thickness of the layer.Two is a concrete class to go together with to want good.Three is a concrete to spr

46、inkle to note and flap Dao airtight solid.Four is a reinforcing bar surface layer Tu2 Shua antisepsis coating.Crack processingThe emergence of the crack not only would influence structure of whole with just degree, return will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar, acceleration concrete of carbo

47、nization, lower durable and anti- of concrete tired, anti- Shen ability.Therefore according to the property of crack and concrete circumstance we want differentiation to treat, in time processing, with assurance building of safety usage.The repair measure of the concrete crack is main to sew method,

48、 the structure reinforce a method, concrete displacement method, electricity chemistry protection method and imitate to living from be applicable to stability and to structure loading the ability dont crack daubery cement syrup, the wreath oxygen gum mire or at concrete surface Tu2 Shua paint, aspha

49、lt etc. antisepsis material, at protection of in the meantime for keeping concrete from continue under the influence of various function to open crack, usually can adoption the surface in crack glue to stick glass fiber cloth etc. measure.1, infuse syrup, the Qian sew methodInfuse a syrup method mai

50、n the concrete crack been applicable to request to the structure whole of repair, it is make use of pressure equipments gum knot the material pressinto the crack of concrete,gum knot the material behind and concrete formation one be whole, thus reinforce of purpose.The in common use gum knot materia

51、lmaterial.The Qian sew a method is that the crack be a kind of most in common use method in, it usually is follow the crack dig slot, the Qian fill Su in the slot or rigid water material with attain closing crack of purpose.The in common use Su material common use rigid water material is the polymer

52、 cement sand syrup.2, the structure reinforce a methodWhen the crack influence arrive concrete structure of function, will consideration adopt to reinforce a method to carry on processingto the concrete structure.The structure reinforce medium in common use main every aspect accumulate, outside the

53、Cape department of the Gou piece pack type steel, adoption prepare should the dint method reinforce, glue to stick steel plate to reinforce, increase to establish fulcrum to reinforce and jet the concrete compensation reinforce.3, concrete displacement methodConcrete displacement method is processin

54、g severity damage concrete of a kind of valid method, this method be first will damage of the concrete pick and get rid of, then again displacementgo into new of concreteor other material.The in common use displacement material concrete or the cement sand syrup, polymer or change sex polymer concret

55、e or sand syrup.4, the electricity chemistry protection methodThe electricity chemistry antisepsis is to make use of infliction electric field in lie the quality of electricity chemical effect, change concrete or reinforced concrete the environment appearance of the place, the bluntness turn reinfor

56、cing bar to attain the purpose of antisepsis.Cathode protection method, chlorine salts withdrawing a method, alkalescenceto recover a method is a chemistry protection method in three kinds of in common use but valid method.The advantage of this kind of method is a protection method under the influen

57、ce of environment factor smaller, apply reinforcing bar, concrete of long-term antisepsis, since can used for crack structure already can also used for new set up structure.5, imitate to living from legal moreImitate to living from secrete a certain material towards suffering wound part auto, but ma

58、ke the wound part , join some and special composition(such as contain to glue knot of the liquid Xin fiber or capsule) in the concrete of the tradition the composition, at concrete inner part formation the intelligence type imitate to living from fiber can make the crack re-The crack is widespread i

59、n the concrete structure existenceof a kind of phenomenon, it of emergence not only will lower the anti- Shen of building ability, influence building of usage function, and will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar, the carbonization of concrete, lower the durable of material, influence building of loading ability, so want to carry on to the concrete crack earnest research, differentiation treat, adoption reasonable of the method carry on processing, a