地下水動(dòng)力學(xué)習(xí)題及答案

1、implemented, the operating environment which does not comply with the safety requirements, workers have the right to refuse to work. Five, the lifting work safety license management 1. the lifting work safety license by the competent departments responsible for the management of the company. 2. this

2、 by lifting the Unit received, and conscientiously implement the hoisting and lifting head, operations people, and according to the requirements for approval. 3. the safety operating permits are not allowed to transfer, alter, no off-site use, or expand the scope of uses. 4. the persons listed in th

3、e safety operation card should be consistent with the field, when personnel changes should go through the signing procedures and related matters of the transition. 5. the certificate of safe operation of lifting operation does not complete within the allotted time, shall renew the certificate of saf

4、e operation of lifting. 6. in the event of relevant meetings, breaks, night work and other special reasons, that corresponds to the job ticket must be issued after approval, the personnel and, other officers will be to replace 7. two promissory notes, exchange equipment Management Department, head o

5、f the stock exchange operation. 8. work permits management should establish the ticket file (inventory), the ticket is kept for 3 years. Temporary power supply operation management system, to ensure that the companys safety, strengthen management of temporary electrical safety, avoid personal electr

6、ical shock, fire, explosion and electrical hazards, safe, regulate electricity system is formulated. II, scope of application apply to temporary power of company-wide operations and foreign construction electric work. Third, the contents and requirements (a) temporary electrical safety requirements

7、1. Temporary electrical work must apply for temporary power operating license, no temporary power operating license are not allowed to work. 2. distribution boxes, metal boxes, metal switch box installation and electrical normal uncharged metal base, shell must do to protect, such as zero, zero and

8、the zero line should use a separate Terminal Board connections. 3. temporary electricity switchboard, distribution boxes with numbers and measures rain, lighting, must be able to secure close switchboard door, at all levels of distribution boxes shall not be stacked within a 2 m radius of debris and

9、 rain protection measures. 4. each electrical device must have a machine, a gate, a leak and a box System. Switch box and the horizontal distance control of fixed electrical equipment should not be more than 3 meters, the protector should match the capacity under the control of the device. 5. when a

10、 temporary electric lines overhead, cannot use bare wires, aerial height shall not be less than 2.5 m in the device, outside of not less than 3.5 metres, crossing roads shall not be less than 5 m; reliable protection measures are required when crossing a road, is strictly prohibited in the trees or

11、on scaffolding erected temporary power lines. 6. underground lines must be installed to the flag and safety signs. Cables shall be not less than 0.7 meters deep, through roads likely to be lots of mechanical injuries should take protective sleeve, cover plate, and so on. 7. portable lighting, places

12、 such as basements, metal containers, wet, when you must use a safe voltage up to 36V. Transformer 36V prohibited the use of . 3. the temporary electrical permit 30KW or more issued by the engineering equipment management, 30KW electric Management Department opened in four copies, a Security Ministr

13、y archives, one for electric charge, a copy to the electricity sector, an electrician.We will continue to improve the companys internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to furt

14、her strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance wit

15、h law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication zero resistance. To constantly perfect ERP, and BFS+, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system applicat

16、ion of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS+, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application i

17、nformation system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure zero. To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employ

18、ees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity

19、of Humanities environment. To strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of zero risk. To strengthened business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-s

20、aving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedbac

21、k of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. To further standardize trading, and strive to achieve according to law, standardize and fair. Innovation of performance management, to ensure that potential employees zero fly. To strengthen performance management, process control, enhan

22、ce employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. To further quantify and refine employee standards . Work, full play party, and branch, and members in five type Enterprise construction in the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model ro

23、le; to continues to strengthening four good leadership construction, full play levels cadres in enterprise development in the第 13 頁(yè) 共 14 頁(yè)習(xí)題二 裘布依微分方程的應(yīng)用1 在均質(zhì)、各向同性的巖層中，地下水為穩(wěn)定的二維流動(dòng)，且無(wú)入滲、無(wú)蒸發(fā)(W=0)。試判斷下列兩圖(習(xí)題61圖a、b)的水頭線形狀是否正確?并用裘布依微分方程證明。 2以下各圖(習(xí)題62圖)所示的含水層均為無(wú)入滲、無(wú)蒸發(fā)(W=0)的二維穩(wěn)定流動(dòng)。巖層為均質(zhì)各向同性。試根據(jù)裘布依微分方程和水流連續(xù)性

24、原理證明兩鉆孔間的水頭線形狀并詐確地繪在圖卜(標(biāo)明是凹形、凸形或直線)。3如習(xí)題63圖a、b所示為均質(zhì)、各向同性的承壓含水層，厚度沿流向變化(見(jiàn)習(xí)題63圖a中的l、3、5段分別為等厚含水層，且1、5段的厚度相等)，地下水為穩(wěn)定的二維流動(dòng)。試應(yīng)用習(xí)題62相同的原理，正確地畫出承壓含水層的水頭線，并標(biāo)明形狀(凹形、凸形或直線)。 習(xí)題三 均勻穩(wěn)定入滲的潛水二維流動(dòng) 1某水庫(kù)區(qū)經(jīng)過(guò)水文地質(zhì)工作后，得到如習(xí)題71圖所示的水文地質(zhì)剖面圖(均質(zhì)、穩(wěn)定的二維流)，已知河l水位H1=40m,河2水位H2=35 m，水平隔水底板的標(biāo)高Z=20m，孔3的水位H3=41.28m。河間地段長(zhǎng)度l=1 000m，孔3至

25、河l距離l1=l00m。 (1)如在河1修建水庫(kù)并蓄水至庫(kù)水位H，1=5000 m，該水庫(kù)是否會(huì)向鄰谷滲漏?(滲透系數(shù)K值和入滲強(qiáng)度W未知，假定大氣降水入滲強(qiáng)度是均勻和穩(wěn)定的) (2)若K=10 md，問(wèn)水庫(kù)與地下水問(wèn)的補(bǔ)給量為多少? (3)若入滲停止，水庫(kù)是否會(huì)滲漏?若滲漏，求其滲漏量。 2習(xí)題7一l圖所示的河間地塊，河l蓄水后H，1遠(yuǎn)大于河2水位H2.有人說(shuō)：該河問(wèn)地塊若無(wú)人滲補(bǔ)給，水庫(kù)一定向河2滲漏；但若有入滲補(bǔ)給，則水庫(kù)就不會(huì)向河2滲漏，你認(rèn)為這句話正確嗎? 3習(xí)題71圖條件下，若存在分水嶺，試說(shuō)明分水嶺處斷面的水力特征(水力梯度，通過(guò)該斷面的流量等)。用水均衡法推導(dǎo)出計(jì)算分水嶺位置的

26、公式。 4確定河l庫(kù)水位的極限高度(不造成水庫(kù)滲漏的最高水位)。為確定該值，野外工作需要收集什么資料? 5習(xí)題71圖所示的條件，若改變河間地塊含水層的K值，當(dāng)有入滲補(bǔ)給和無(wú)入滲補(bǔ)給這兩種不同條件下的水頭線是否都發(fā)生變化?習(xí)題四 非均質(zhì)含水層中地下水的穩(wěn)定流動(dòng)1在習(xí)題81圖a、b所示的承壓含水層中，試畫出兩鉆孔之間的水頭線，并說(shuō)明理由。2習(xí)題82圖中，上部為灰?guī)r含水層，下部為頁(yè)巖隔水層，巖層產(chǎn)狀水平，2號(hào)斷層為傾角接近90。的導(dǎo)水?dāng)鄬?，若要?號(hào)斷層與河3的正中間(S一500m)打水文地質(zhì)孔(S號(hào)孔)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)已有水文地質(zhì)資料計(jì)算S號(hào)孔的水位標(biāo)高Hs(近似考慮平面上流線為直線，且平行，含水層為均質(zhì)

27、各向同性)。 已知：Zl一50m，Z240m，H1=80m，H3=57m，l1=2000m，l2=1=000m，S=500m。求：S號(hào)孔的水位標(biāo)高Hs。3.某雙層結(jié)構(gòu)的河間地段，水庫(kù)邊岸產(chǎn)生滑坡，上層下滑到下層，并隔開下層與庫(kù)連通(見(jiàn)習(xí)題83圖)。已知K1=0.2md，K2=20m/d,Z1=15m,Z2=3.5m,H1=5.5m,H2=6.5ml1=2m,l2=134m. 若考慮為剖面二維流，求水庫(kù)向鄰谷的滲漏量。 4如習(xí)題84圖中，已知：K1=2 m/d ,K2=10 m/d , h1=10 m ,h2=10 m ,M=20 m , l=2000m.求q及水頭線與層面相交的位置。 5如習(xí)題

28、85圖所示為部分地區(qū)有灌溉滲入的河間地段，隔水底板水平，平面上流線平行，h1=h2=30m h3=47m ,l=2000m ,滲入帶長(zhǎng)度l1=1000m ,l2=500m。若考慮含水層為均質(zhì)各向同性，求比值WK。 6習(xí)題86圖所示為一非均質(zhì)河問(wèn)地塊，設(shè)中間斷面是K。和Kz的分界面，且KIK2，均勻入滲，平面上流線平行，隔水底板水平。兩河的河水位相等，即h。一矗z。問(wèn)：分水嶺是否在中間?向哪側(cè)偏?導(dǎo)出偏心距離e(地下分水嶺與河間地段正中斷面之問(wèn)的距離)的方程。習(xí)題五 泰斯條件的井流計(jì)算1 某無(wú)限均質(zhì)等厚的承壓含水層，已知含水層厚度彈性給水度2 (1)已知一完整抽水井的流量，試計(jì)算當(dāng)抽水時(shí)間分別為

29、l，2，5，i0，20，50，100，200，500 d時(shí)，離此井r=100 m處的水頭下降值S。時(shí)間(d)lZ5102050100200500降深(m) (2)若抽水100 d，要使r=100 m處的水位下降到S=50，問(wèn)：該抽水井的流量要多大？(3)若抽水流量為l0 000 m3d，需要抽多少時(shí)間，才能使r=50m處的水位下降到S= 40 rn。2某處有一圓形的建筑基坑，下伏有分布較為穩(wěn)定的承壓含水層，含水層厚度M=5m，K=10 md，。從含水層頂板算起的水頭H=25 m，如保證基坑安全開挖，在半徑R=40m的周圍上均勻分布五個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)完全相同的完整井，每井抽出流量限定為Q=500 md，施

30、工設(shè)計(jì)要求作用于頂板底部的壓力不能大于105 Pa(10 m水柱)，為此要求井群排水多少時(shí)間后才能滿足安全施工的要求?(先畫出正確的平面、剖面圖)習(xí)題六 泰斯條件的變流量井流計(jì)算 1在一無(wú)界承壓含水層中，有兩個(gè)抽水井，相距200 m，兩井同時(shí)開始抽水，流量分別為抽水2 d后，井2因發(fā)生事故而停泵，井l的流,而到第五天0點(diǎn)井2恢復(fù)抽水，此時(shí),已知，求在兩井中間M點(diǎn)處抽水lo d后的降深為多少?(先在習(xí)題l01圖中畫出兩抽水井的變流量過(guò)程線圖) 2某地區(qū)一含水層中有三個(gè)抽水井(井的平面圖如習(xí)題l0一2圖所示)，開采前的水位埋深為3 m，三個(gè)井的工作情況如下，均為零點(diǎn)開始抽水。 抽水時(shí)間 抽出水量

31、井1 4月5日一4月15日 井2 4月7日一4月10日 井3 4月2日一4月12日 求M點(diǎn)在4月14日零點(diǎn)的降深是多少?(畫出各井流量時(shí)間變化圖，再對(duì)應(yīng)于相同工作時(shí)間的井進(jìn)行疊加。) 習(xí)題七 用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線配比法求含水層參數(shù) 湖南湘東某鐵礦對(duì)活龍泉灰?guī)r()承壓含水層進(jìn)行一次抽放水試驗(yàn)。在試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行之前相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)，坑道突水點(diǎn)的涌水量穩(wěn)定在左右，周圍地下水位也接近平衡，試驗(yàn)前若干天內(nèi)，地下水以03O5 cmd的速度下降。 在坑道突水點(diǎn)附近，打了一抽水井。試驗(yàn)是在天然坑道突水和人為抽水的干擾條件下進(jìn)行韻?？拥劳凰c(diǎn)與觀測(cè)孔的距離和主孔與觀測(cè)孔的距離是相等的。 抽水井流量較穩(wěn)定，在范圍內(nèi)波動(dòng)，平均為?？?/p>

32、道突水點(diǎn)的涌水量由開始的241 m3h減到l81 m3h，平均為。其觀測(cè)資料見(jiàn)表11一1 (此資料由湖南冶金地質(zhì)勘探公司214隊(duì)提供)。 在透明雙對(duì)數(shù)坐標(biāo)紙上繪制lgSlgt的實(shí)測(cè)曲線。將該實(shí)測(cè)曲線與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線(附錄2)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，當(dāng)曲線最佳擬合時(shí)，選擇匹配點(diǎn)，標(biāo)明它的坐標(biāo)值。計(jì)算含水層的參數(shù)T和值。 表111無(wú)界承壓含水層中抽水試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)資料(1976年3月)習(xí)題八 用直線圖解法求含水層參數(shù) 采用習(xí)題十一的實(shí)際資料，在單對(duì)數(shù)坐標(biāo)紙上繪制Slgf曲線。采用直線圖解法求含水層參數(shù)和服值。習(xí)題九 直線邊界附近的完整井流計(jì)算1 習(xí)題131圖所示的幾種邊界條件(其他條件符合泰斯條件)，能否用反映法求解?若能

33、，請(qǐng)進(jìn)行反映，并寫出降深表達(dá)式。 2初步查明某地區(qū)存在高角度斷層，該斷層在區(qū)內(nèi)大部分被第四系覆蓋，斷層線走向初步判斷呈南北向。斷層?xùn)|側(cè)為無(wú)垂向補(bǔ)給的均質(zhì)等厚的近水平埋藏的承壓含水層。今在斷層旁邊布置一組完整抽水試驗(yàn)孔(如習(xí)題132圖所示)，抽水流量,觀測(cè)孔水位降深數(shù)據(jù)如表131所示。 根據(jù)表131觀測(cè)資料在半對(duì)數(shù)坐標(biāo)紙上作出曲線。根據(jù)曲線特點(diǎn)推斷斷層的導(dǎo)水性及位置，并計(jì)算含水層的參數(shù)T與值。 表131某斷層附近抽水試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)的觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)表 3。在某沖積平原的第一承壓含水層中，距河190 m處有一抽水試驗(yàn)井(完整井)，距抽水井5 m處有一觀測(cè)孔，河流切割承壓含水層，其平原位置如習(xí)題133圖所示。以的

34、抽水量進(jìn)行定流量抽水，觀測(cè)孔水位變化情況如表132所示。試用直線圖解法計(jì)算含水層參數(shù)。習(xí)題l33圖表132抽水試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)孔降深數(shù)據(jù)習(xí)題十 越流系統(tǒng)含水層參數(shù)的確定 如習(xí)題141圖所示，為某平原區(qū)越流含水層系統(tǒng)巖性剖面，含水層巖性分別為砂卵石和灰?guī)r，其間為亞粘土弱透水層?；?guī)r含水層在研究區(qū)西北22 km處出露地表。一抽水井打穿格個(gè)灰?guī)r含水層，上部第四系用套管隔開，只開采巖溶水。習(xí)題l41圖越流含水系統(tǒng)巖性示意圖 利用該井做了一次抽水試驗(yàn)，抽水流量，觀測(cè)孔(距主井r=151 m)的降深數(shù)據(jù)如表l41所示。試?yán)霉拯c(diǎn)法求越流含水層的參數(shù)T、B及。表141越流含水層中抽水試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)資料習(xí)題十一潛水含水層參

35、數(shù)的確定 某含礫砂土潛水含水層，初始含水層厚度為15 m，隔水底板為新第三系泥巖。一完整抽水井以流量為的定流量抽水，觀測(cè)孔和與主井的距離分別為1154 m和35 m。觀測(cè)孔降深見(jiàn)表l51。作Slst實(shí)測(cè)曲線，并據(jù)該S-lst曲線求潛水含水層參數(shù)T,和。表151潛水含水層中抽水試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)資料4. the persons listed in the temporary electrical permit to work should be consistent with field personnel, when personnel changes should go through the sig

36、ning procedures and related matters of the transition. 5. in the temporary electrical permit to work is not completed within the stipulated time of electricity operations, ground-breaking of the applicant to apply for temporary power operating license. 6. in the event of relevant meetings, breaks, n

37、ight work and other special reasons, job ticket must be issued after approval, the request corresponds to staff and other officers will be in place. 7. work permits management should establish the ticket file (inventory), the ticket is kept for 3 years. High operation management system in the course

38、 of work, aimed at reducing high falls, objects to combat such incidents occur, ensure employee safety, regulations are formulated. II, scope of application apply to the company activities and project work scope of construction, but also into our external contractors and personnel. Three, responsibi

39、lities, company management is working at height safety management departments. D, contents, and request 1, referred to in this system fall at height refers to the height of 2 m above the base level (2 m) fall possible jobs. Working at height is divided into four levels: working at height at an altit

40、ude of 2-5 meters, called the high level operations; Height working height of more than 5 meters to 15 meters, as second class at height; Height working height of more than 15 metres to 30 metres, known as the three levels of working at height; Working at height safety management regulations height

41、working height is more than 30 meters, called super high job; Due to work reasons, the company only relates to one, working at height, there is no grade, super high assignment. Once the work above there are three levels of the construction project, in accordance with the provisions of the relevant p

42、rocedures. 2, where there is one, working at height, of the communication construction safety rules must be strictly adhered to. 3, and all personnel involved in the construction of working at height must be trained and the climbing permits, without training and aerial work permit-free personnel for

43、 aerial work is strictly prohibited. 4, and all had high blood pressure, heart disease, anemia, epilepsy is not suitable for working at height and other personnel shall not engage in working at height. 5, high operating personnel must fasten your seat belt, helmet, clothing to flexible, banned the w

44、earing of hard bottom and nails easy slip-on shoes for working at height. 6, seat belts must be hung on the fixed objects, hanging low, must be higher than the waist, prohibited the use of any substitute in place of seat belts. 7, in adjacent areas, with release of toxic, harmful gases and dust outs

45、ide the allowed concentrations of chimney and equipment is prohibited for working at height. In the allowed range, should also take effective protective measures. In the more than six-level wind and lightning, heavy rain, fog and other adverse weather conditions affect safety during construction,of bac