變復數和音標

1、可數名詞變復數變化規(guī)則如下： 1 一般情況下，在名詞后直接加s遇到清音, 讀/s/；遇到濁音, 讀/z/. 遇到以t結尾的詞，與t結合在一起讀/ts/；遇到以d結尾的詞，與d結合在一起讀/dz/。如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2 以s. x. sh. ch結尾的名詞，在后面加es，讀作/iz/, 并要和前面的輔音連讀。 如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches，brush-brushes3 以輔音字母加y結尾的詞，把y變成i, 再加es，ies讀作/iz/；如：family-families（家庭）, st

2、rawberry-strawberries（草莓）4 以“f或fe”結尾的詞，把f或fe變成v，再加es，ves讀作/vz/；如：knife-knives leaf-leaves thief-thieves5 以o 結尾的詞,黑人Negro英雄hero愛吃土豆.西紅柿，加es, 讀作/z/.6 無規(guī)則變化： 男人 manmen女人 woman-women牙齒 toothteeth腳 footfeet鵝 goosegeese綿羊 sheepsheep梅花鹿 deerdeer兒童childchildren fish(種類)fisheschicken(整只雞)chickenspeople當“人，人民

3、”講，本身就是復數詞；當people后加上s時，即peoples表示“民族”例如：There are 56 peoples in China. 中國有56個民族。動詞過去式變化規(guī)則規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化規(guī)則：1. 直接在詞尾加-ed. 如：want-wanted need-needed work-worked clean-cleaned2. 以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的, 在詞尾加-d. 如：like-liked live-lived use-used move-moved3. 以輔音字母+y結尾的動詞，變y為i, 再加ed. 如study-studied carry-carried hurry-hu

4、rried marry-married4. 重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的，雙寫此輔音字母，再加-ed. 如：stop-stopped不規(guī)則動詞的過去式大體上歸納有以下六條：1. 以t結尾的動詞，過去式與原形相同。如：put-put cut-cut2. 以d結尾的動詞，變d為t。 如：build-built lend-lent send-sent spend-spent3. 以n結尾的動詞，在后面加-t. 如：mean-meant burn-burnt learn-learnt4. 以ow/aw結尾的詞，變成ew. 如blow-blew draw-drew know-knew grow

5、-grew5. 含有雙寫字母的詞，將雙寫改為單寫，在詞尾加-t. 如：keep-kept sleep-slept feel-felt smell-smelt6. 含有元音字母o/i的詞，將o/i變成a. 如sing-sang give-gavesit-sat drink-drank begin-began發(fā)音規(guī)則：在清輔音后面發(fā)/t/：ask-asked help-helped finish-finished pass-passed reach-reached在濁輔音和元音后面發(fā)/d/：call-called move-moved enjoy-enjoyed welcome-welcomed

6、answer-answered borrow-borrowed在/t/ /d/后面發(fā)/d/: want-wanted start-started need-needed 動詞-ing形式音標拼讀練習（一）音標拼讀練習（二）元音字母a,e,i,o,u在開,閉音節(jié)中常見的讀音：a: /e/ wake, lake, cake, date, name, plate, plane, make, late, hate, face, gate, fate, rate,Jane,Kate, / bag, cat, lack, fat, fan, dad, hat, bad, flag, mad, rat, c

7、an, /:/ fast, class, last, glass, plant / / watch, wash, wante: /i:/ we, she, he, me, Chinese /e/ pen, bed, ten, hen, seven,wet, i: /a/ bike, ride, five, nine, white, side, Nike, kite, ice, fine, nice, mine, wide, write, wine, pipe / / fish, big, sit, his, it, this, kick, pig, fix, kid, lip, littleo

8、: / nose, vote, those, home, code, hope, joke, woke, no, go, so / / hot, lost, lot, fox,box, sock,clock, not, pop,dog, frog, job, top,Bob/ / come, dose, above, love, brother, mother,u: / ju:/use, cute, amuse, /u:/ blue, rude, true, clue / / bus, sun, duck, lunch, up, cup, hurry, jump, us, fun, run,

9、cut, mud, truck, gun, hug,音標拼讀練習（三）1. 元音音素：/i:/ E i:green ri:nsee si:/ /it tbig b little ltl/e/ bed bed headhed letter let/ apple pl map mp cat kt/:/ park p:k startst:t far f:/ / mother m up pluck lk/ :/ door d: horse h:s sport sp:t/ / hot ht watch wt body bd/u:/ school sku:l blue blu: moon mu:n/ /

10、book bk good d look lk/ :/bird b:dword w:d her h:/about bat later let mother m/e/A e day delate let/a/hi ha night nat like lak/boy b soil sl enjoy nd/ old ld most mst hope hp/a/out at loud ladhow ha/ here h near n idea ad/sure poor p tour t/e/air ehair he wear we音標拼讀練習（四）2. 輔音音素/p/ picture pkt pleas

11、e pli:zpeople pi:pl/b/ boat bt big b boy b/t/ take tek today tdeto tu:/d/dog dday de daddy ddi:/k/cae kek kite katcome km/ go good d glass l:s/f/fine fan fun fn from frm/v/ very ver video vdvase v:z/s/six sks kissks sayse/z/zoo zu:zero zrclothes klz/ thank k thing think k/them m they e father f:/sur

12、e shop p ship p/ television tel,vnpleasure ple measure me/t/chicken tknchild taldcheap ti:p/d/ job dbjeep di:p change tend/tr/tree tri: train tren trade tred/dr/ dress dresdream dri:m drop drp/ts/ cats kts gets ets lots lts/dz/ reads ri:dz cards k:dzbirds b :dz/m/ my ma many men may me/n/ no n not n

13、t know n/bring br think kgoing g/h/ hat hthave hv hello hel/ w/ window wndwhat wtwill wl/j/ yes jesyellow jel yesterday jestd/l/ life laflittle ltlleave li:v/r/ red redread ri:dremember rmemb音標拼讀練習（五）常見的元音字母組合發(fā)音：ar /:/ car far star scarf market hard park arm farmar/ :/ warm quarter quarrelai /e/ tai

14、l rainy train wait main nail faintair/e/ air chair hair fair stairsay/e/ day may today play say way stay lay Mayay/ / Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Friday al/ :/ talk walk chalk all/ : l / ball tall small wall mall call fall aw/ :/ draw pawse/i:/ he she meer& or/ / farmer teacher barber leader pla

15、yer speakerdoctor actor authorer/ :/ her term serveere/e/ there whereea/i:/ sea tea eat teacher read please meat speak dream ea/e/ head bread feather weatherear/ / ear hear near dearear/e/ bear pearear/ :/ learn earn earth heard ee/i:/ bee three tree see need feed week sleep green sheep meet feel fe

16、et thirteenir/ :/ bird shirt skirt sir girl circle thirty thirteen thirstyor/ :/ for short forty force horse store sportor/ :/ work world wormoor/ :/ door flooroa/ / road boat coat goat soapoo/u:/ too zoo cool school room moon afternoon spoon oo/ / good foot look book cookies classroomou/ a /out lou

17、d cloudy house mouth about mountain ow/ a / cow how now brown down flowerow/ / slow know snow blowur/ :/ nurse turn burn murder turtle Thursday hurt fur音標拼讀練習（六）常見的輔音字母組合發(fā)音：tr/tr/ tree train try truck street straightdr/dr/ dress draw dry drink driver dream hundrudph/f/ phone photo elephantch/t/ Chin

18、a chicken child chair Chinese chain tch/t/ match watch wh/ w/ what where when why which white wheelwh /h/ who whose whomth/ thank three thirty thirsty Thursdy birthday thirteenth/ this that these those they then there father mother brother feather weather sh/ shoe shop sheep ship short shirt shoulder shecl: clock close clean classs click bl: black blood blue