2021高一英語寒假作業(yè)同步練習題：關系代詞-定語從句

1、1If you want to visit the museum, I r_ that you go there by taxi. （根據首字母單詞拼寫）【答案】recommend【詳解】考查動詞和時態(tài)。句意：如果你想參觀博物館，我建議你乘出租車去。句子為If引導的條件狀語從句，主句用一般現在時，表示客觀事實。根據單詞首字母以及句意“建議”可知，空格處應用recommend，意為“建議，推薦”，動詞詞性，句子主語為I，recommend用原形。故填recommend。2There is a heated d_ on whether teenagers should date (約會). Of

2、course, most parents and teachers think they should f_ their attention on study.（根據首字母單詞拼寫）【答案】debate focus 【詳解】考查名詞和動詞。句意：關于青少年是否應該約會有一場激烈的爭論。當然，大多數家長和老師認為他們應該把注意力放在學習上。設空1在句中作表語，并且前面有a修飾，應用名詞；設空為謂語動詞，接在情態(tài)動詞should后，應用原形，根據句意和首字母，故填debate；focus。3Employers usually decide within five minutes whether s

3、omeone is s_ for the job. (根據首字母單詞拼寫)【答案】suitable【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：雇主通常在五分鐘內就能決定某人是否適合這份工作。根據單詞首字母以及句意“適合的”，可知應填形容詞suitable作從句表語，be suitable for意為“適合的”。故填suitable。4Gladys grows a lot of tomatoes in her g_ . (根據首字母單詞拼寫)【答案】greenhouse【詳解】考查名詞。句意：Gladys在她的溫室里種了很多西紅柿。根據首字母提示及句意可知，此處應填入名詞greenhouse，in her gre

4、enhouse(在她的溫室里)作地點狀語。故填greenhouse。5She now helps in a local school as a v_ three days a week. (根據首字母單詞拼寫)【答案】volunteer【詳解】考查名詞。句意：她現在在當地一所學校做志愿者，每周工作三天。根據單詞首字母以及句意“志愿者”以及上文不定冠詞a ，可知應填名詞volunteer作賓語。故填volunteer。6I wanted to be a b_ dancer when I was a child. (根據首字母單詞拼寫)【答案】ballet【詳解】考查名詞。句意：當我還是個孩子的時

5、候，我想成為一名芭蕾舞演員。根據單詞首字母以及句意“芭蕾舞”可知，應填名詞ballet，作定語修飾dancer。故填ballet。7The magazine is aimed at t_ and young adults. (根據首字母單詞拼寫)【答案】teenagers【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這本雜志的目標讀者是青少年和年輕人。分析句子結構，該空作介詞at的賓語，用名詞，根據單詞首字母以及并列結構“and young adults”可推斷，應填名詞teenager，表示青少年；teenager為可數名詞，設空處表示復數概念。故填adults。8There are lots of people

6、 there who can a_ help you. (根據首字母單詞拼寫)【答案】actually【詳解】考查副詞。句意：有很多可以真正幫助你的人。根據單詞首字母以及句意“真正地”以及下文動詞help，可知應填副詞actually，修飾動詞。故填actually。9He made a sudden m_ and frightened the bird away. (根據首字母單詞拼寫)【答案】movement【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他突然動了一下，把鳥嚇跑了。分析句子結構，該空作made的賓語，用名詞，根據句意，結合首字母，可推出是名詞movement，前面有不定冠詞修飾，用名詞單數。故填

7、movement。10People are c_about what they should eat to stay healthy.(困惑的)(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)【答案】confused【詳解】考查形容詞和固定短語。句意：人們對他們應該吃什么來保持健康感到困惑。根據所給句子和首字母以及漢語提示可推出是形容詞confused“困惑的”，be confused about“對.感到困惑”，故填confused。11The physicist shared more ideas to encourage the younger _(一代) to continue exploring space

8、. （根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】generation【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這位物理學家分享了更多的想法，以鼓勵年輕一代繼續(xù)探索太空。根據漢語提示“一代”，以及形容詞比較級younger 可知，此處要用名詞形式。故填generation。12If youre cold, put an _(額外的) coat on. （根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】extra【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：如果你覺得冷，多穿一件外套。根據漢語提示“額外的”以及后面的名詞coat，可知，應填形容詞extra作定語，修飾名詞。故填extra。13Its important for the college _(新生)

9、to form a good habit. （根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】freshman【詳解】考查名詞。句意：對大學新生來說，養(yǎng)成一個好習慣很重要。根據漢語提示“新生”，以及the college可知，此處要用名詞形式，做for的賓語。故填freshman。14She is a leading _(專家) on the countrys ecology. （根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】expert【詳解】考查名詞。句意：她是該國生態(tài)方面的權威專家。分析句子可知，設空處為表語，前面有冠詞a修飾，應用名詞，根據漢語提示，故填expert。15I experienced a differen

10、t _(冒險經歷) in London every day. （根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】adventure【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我在倫敦每天都經歷一次不同的冒險。根據漢語提示“冒險經歷”，以及形容詞different可知此處要用名詞形式，做experienced的賓語。故填adventure。16There is plenty of fun for _(青少年) in summer, including camping, swimming and travelling. （根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】teenagers【詳解】考查名詞。句意：青少年在夏天有很多樂趣，包括露營、游泳和旅

11、行。根據漢語提示以及空前的for，可知，應填入名詞teenager作賓語，teenager是可數名詞，此處表示泛指，且沒有冠詞限定，需用名詞復數形式。故填teenagers。17Ive been looking for a _(合適的) place since I got here six months ago.（根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】suitable【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：自從我六個月前來到這里以來，我一直在尋找一個合適的地方。根據漢語提示，形容詞suitable意為“合適的”作定語修飾名詞place，符合句意及語法結構。故填suitable。18Her son _ _ _ (沉迷

12、于) computer games. （根據漢語提示填空）【答案】is addicted to 【詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：她的兒子對電腦游戲上癮。根據漢語提示可知用固定搭配be addicted to 意為“對.有癮”，根據句意可知是在講客觀事實，時態(tài)用一般現在時，且與主語是主動關系，且主語是單數，故填isaddictedto。19Weve discussed the unusual form of the book. Now, what about the _ (內容)? (根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)【答案】content【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我們已經討論了這本書的不同尋常的形式。那么內容呢

13、？根據漢語提示“內容”，以及上文定冠詞the可知此處應填名詞作without的賓語，結合語境可知，此處的content指書的主旨大意，不可數。故填content。20Many schools need _ (志愿者) to show children how to read. （根據漢語意思填空）【答案】volunteers【詳解】考查名詞的數。句意：許多學校需要志愿者教孩子們如何閱讀。根據漢語意思“志愿者”可知應填名詞volunteer，作賓語，且volunteer為可數名詞，前面沒有冠詞，應用復數。故填volunteers。語法專題（定語從句-關系代詞）1. that可指人或物；在定語從句

14、中作主語，賓語，表語。指人時，相當于who或 whom；指物時，相當于which。不能引導非限制性定語從句；不可置于介詞后作賓語。2. which指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語。如：The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主語）3. who, whom, whose（1）who: 主格, 在從句中作主語，只可指人（2）whom: 賓格，在從句中只能作賓語; 只可指人（3）whose: 表所屬關系，在從句中作定語。譯為：某人的，某物的（4）whose + 名詞 =the + n. + of which (某物的)

15、= he + n. + of whom (某人的)注意： 關系代詞作介詞賓語 (在定語從句中，介詞提前時，介詞后：表人用 whom；表物用 which) 關系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時, 介詞可放于從句之首, 也可放于從句之末. 但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動詞詞組的含義。關系代詞who 和 that 用作介詞賓語時, 介詞必須放在句末。） 4. asas 引導定語從句, 在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語（1）如為限制性的，多用于the same as ; the same as(與相同)；such as （如此，這樣）; as many/much as（和一樣多）；so

16、/as as（與一樣）等結構中。如：（2）如為非限制性的，as還可以單獨引導一個定語從句，代替整個主句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為正如，這一點。（動詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . (as 作賓語)眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。練習題：21He is not a half such a fool _most of his colleagues thought he was. (用適當的詞填空)【答案】as【詳解】考查定語從句引導詞。句意：他并

17、不像他的大多數同事所認為的那樣愚蠢。分析句子可知，空格處引導定語從句，先行詞為a fool，當先行詞有such修飾時，關系代詞只能用as，替代a fool，在從句中作表語。故填as。22The only reason _ he referred to for his success is that he always worked hard. (用適當的詞填空)【答案】that【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他提到他成功的唯一原因是他總是努力工作。此處是定語從句，先行詞是 reason ，指物，被only修飾，在從句中作refer to 的賓語，用關系代詞that。故填that。23Finally

18、, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.（用適當的單詞填空）【答案】that【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：最后，小偷把偷來的所有東西都交給了警察。句中先行詞為不定代詞everything，在定語從句中作stolen的賓語，所以只能用關系代詞that引導。故填that。24The prize will go to the writer _story is most creative. （用適當的單詞填空）【答案】whose【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這個獎將授予故事最具創(chuàng)造性的作家。分析句子結構，空處引導定語從句，先行

19、詞the writer，指人，在定語從句中作定語，需用關系代詞whose引導。故填whose。25I have a friend _ always helps me when I am in trouble. （用適當的單詞填空）【答案】who【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我有一個在我陷入困難的時候經常幫助我的朋友。本句是定語從句，關系詞指代先行詞friend并在從句中作主語，故填who。26Do you have anything _ is important to tell me? (用適當的詞填空)【答案】that【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：你有什么重要的事要告訴我嗎？分析句子結構，空處引

20、導定語從句，先行詞anything，指物并且是不定代詞，在定語從句中作主語，需用關系代詞that引導。故填that。27The professor _ you wish to see has gone abroad. (用適當的詞填空)【答案】that/whom【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：你要見的那位教授已經出國了。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞professor，且先行詞在從句中作賓語，指人，故應用關系代詞that或whom引導。故填that/whom。28The International Red Cross is an organization _ purpose is to help the

21、 sick and the needy. (用適當的詞填空)【答案】whose【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：國際紅十字會是一個旨在幫助病人和有需要的人的組織。分析句子結構，空處引導定語從句，先行詞organization在定語從句中作定語，修飾名詞purpose，需用關系代詞whose引導。故填whose。29A shop should keep a stock of those goods _ sell best. (用適當的詞填空)【答案】which/that【詳解】考查定語從句關系詞。句意：商店應備有暢銷商品的存貨。分析可知，本句先行詞為goods，在從句中作主語，指物，故本空應該用關系代

22、詞which/that，故填which/that。30This is the most beautiful and cleanest city _ I have visited in China. (用適當的詞填空)【答案】that【詳解】考查定語從句關系詞。句意：這是我在中國參觀過的最漂亮、最干凈的城市。本空引導定語從句，修飾先行詞city，在從句中做賓語，且先行詞由形容詞最高級“the most beautiful and cleanest”修飾，故本空應用關系代詞that。故填that。閱讀理解（應用文）How cool can libraries be in an era(時代) of

23、 iPods and Kindles? More than you think. Only if you now where to go.Central Library: Seattle, Washington, United StatesThe Central Library in Seattle is modern and fashionable and has tourists from around the world paying visits and taking tours. It was designed by Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas and

24、American designer Joshua Ramus. Tours began in 2006, two years after its opening.The library holds various art exhibitions, book signings and other events, while visitors can stop by the chocolate cart for a coffee and scan through the gift shop anytime.Trinity College Library: Dublin, IrelandThe Tr

25、inity College Library in Dublin is the oldest library in Ireland, founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I. It is the largest single library in the world, also known as the Long Room, which contains more than 200,000 of the librarys oldest books. The Long room houses one of the oldest harps (豎琴) in Irel

26、and. Dating to the 15th century, the old harp is the model for the symbol foreland.Geisel Library: University of California, San Diego, United StatesAt first glance, it looks like a spaceship. Architect William Pereira, who helped design actual space launch facilities at Cape Canaveral in Houston, T

27、exas, designed the library in 1970. It has been featured in sci-fi films, short stories and novels. The library hosts “Dinner in the Library,” which invites readers for cocktails, and also a special speech from well-known authors.Bishan Public Library: SingaporeLocated in the heart of Bishan, the aw

28、ard-winning Bishan Community Library spans 4,000 square meters. It was designed to look like a tree house. The colorful pods (吊艙) that stick out of one side of the building represent books sticking from a bookshelf. Inside the library, these pods offer private spaces for reading. Its ceiling-high gl

29、ass windows also make it fun to watch people walking and reading from inside the building.31If you want to enjoy a movie, you can go to _.ACentral LibraryBGeisel LibraryCBishan Public LibraryDTrinity College Library32What makes Bishan Public Library different from the others?AIt has very large glass

30、 windows.BIt has ever won a prize for its size.CQueen Elizabeth I founded the library.DIt is the largest single library in the world.33What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?ATo encourage readers to visit these libraries.BTo make an advertisement about these libraries.CTo offer some inf

31、ormation about these libraries.DTo tell readers the importance of visiting libraries.【答案】31B32A33C【分析】這是一篇應用文。本文主要向讀者介紹了4個不同主題不同特點的圖書館，向讀者提供了很多和它們相關的信息。31細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段Geisel LibraryIt has been featured in sci-fi films, short stories and novels.可知，想看電影的話可以去Geisel Library。故選B項。32細節(jié)理解題。根據文章最后一段Its ceil

32、inghigh glass windows also make it fun to watch people walking and reading from inside the building.可知，它那與天花板齊高的玻璃窗戶使得它非常的特別，能夠看到里面的人們走動或者讀書，即該圖書館的大玻璃窗戶使得它與其他不一樣。故選A項。33推理判斷題。根據文章第一段的How cool can libraries be in an era(時代)of iPods and Kindles?和下文所介紹的四個圖書館可推測，本文主要給讀者提供四個圖書館的相關信息。故選C項。寫作（翻譯）34眾所周知，晚飯后

33、散步對老人有好處。（漢譯英）【答案】As is known to all, walking after supper does good to the old.It is known to all that walking after supper does good to the old.What is known to all is that walking after supper does good to the old.【詳解】考查時態(tài)，從句和短語。根據漢語提示可知，本句陳述客觀事實，應用一般現在時；“眾所周知”可表達為as is known to all(as引導非限制性定語從句)

34、，it is known to all that.（it作形式主語，that引導主語從句）和what is known to all is that.(what引導主語從句，that引導表語從句)；“散步”表達為walk，因其是主語，故應用動名詞形式； “對.有好處”表達為do good to，該詞作謂語，因主語walking是第三人稱單數，故謂語動詞用三單現形式；“老人”表達為the old，此處用the+ adj.表達一類人，是復數意義。再結合其他漢語提示，故本句翻譯為：As is known to all, walking after supper does good to the ol

35、d./ It is known to all that walking after supper does good to the old./ What is known to all is that walking after supper does good to the old.35我年輕時的夢想是成為一個發(fā)明家。（漢譯英）【答案】In my youth, my dream was to be an inventor.【詳解】考查不定式和時態(tài)。根據句意，陳述的是過去的事情，用一般過去時，本句使用主系表結構，In my youth表示“我年輕的時候”，位于句首作狀語，主語為my dream

36、，系動詞為was，表示將來的動作用不定式to be an inventor作表語，故翻譯為：In my youth, my dream was to be an inventor.36路遙知馬力，日久見人心。(漢譯英) _【答案】Distance tests a horses strength. Time reveals a persons character.【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和習語表達。此處為兩句習語，可分別用“主謂賓”結構進行翻譯。第一句，謂語動詞應用test，主語為名詞distance，陳述客觀事實應用一般現在時；第二句，謂語動詞應用reveal，主語為名詞time，陳述客觀事實應用

37、一般現在時。結合其他漢語提示，故翻譯為Distance tests a horses strength. Time reveals a persons character.37只工作不娛樂，聰明的孩子也變得笨拙。(漢譯英) _【答案】All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.【詳解】考查主謂一致、時態(tài)、賓語補足語。該句是俗語，句子敘述的是客觀事實，應用一般現在時；“只工作不娛樂”表達為all work and no play；“只工作不娛樂”是指一件事，謂語動詞應該用單數第三人稱形式；“笨拙的”是形容詞dull；“聰明的孩子也變得笨拙”可理解為“使成了笨拙的孩子”；Jack是美國常見的男孩的名字，這里用Jack指代所有的小孩；“聰明的孩子也變得笨拙”用“make+賓語+名詞短語作賓語補足語”結構表達為make Jack a dull boy。故翻譯為All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy。38未雨綢繆。(漢譯英) _【答案】Always prepare for a rainy day.【詳解】考查動詞短語?！熬I繆”指的是事先準備。所以應考慮關于動詞“prepare”的短語，prepare for意為：