現(xiàn)在完成時重點歸納和練習(xí)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)精講及練習(xí)第一部分：現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也可表示過去已經(jīng)開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時,先從結(jié)構(gòu)和句式開始:構(gòu)成:主語 + have/has + 過去分詞 + 其他。(當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用has,其余人稱用have。過去分詞:規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成與動詞過去式相同;不規(guī)則動詞需要特殊記憶。)否定式:主語 + havent/hasnt + 過去分詞 + 其他。疑問式: have /has + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他?簡略答語: yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定)no, 主語 + havent/hasnt

2、.(否定)第二部分：現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達這種含義: * 以already, just和yet為標(biāo)志 already, just和yet 表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)、剛剛或還沒有發(fā)生。he has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。he has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。he hasnt come back yet.他還沒有回來。* 以ever和never為標(biāo)志ever和never 表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作或狀態(tài)曾經(jīng)或從來沒有發(fā)生過。this is the best film i hav

3、e ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。he has never been to beijing.他從沒有到過北京。* 以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志若某一動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生了若干次,則要使用現(xiàn)在完成時。he says he has been to the usa three times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。* 以so far為標(biāo)志so far往往表示到目前為止動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生。he has got to beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。she has passed the examso far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。第三部分：過去已經(jīng)開始的動

4、作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū)分入手,進一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時。*“終止”、“延續(xù)”要轉(zhuǎn)換英語中的動詞從詞義上可以分為延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性兩種,在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中一定要注意動詞這一特性,應(yīng)將這類非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞。如:“the cat play” has been on for half an hour.貓已經(jīng)開演半個小時了。how long have you had this dictionary?這本字典你買了多久了?初中階段常見的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), b

5、egin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介詞短語, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。* 時間“點”、“段”須分清過去開始的動作可以延續(xù)到某一點結(jié)束,也可能繼續(xù)延續(xù),這時就要根據(jù)時間“點”、“段”選擇相應(yīng)的介詞for或since。如:he has been away for two years.他已走了兩年。(for+時間段)he has been an english teacher since 1992.自從1992年以來他一直當(dāng)英語教師。(since+過去

6、某一時刻)第四部分：a)選用have, has填空:1.i _ told him the news.2.she _ come back from school. 3.you _ won the game.b)按要求改寫下列各句:4.they have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_5.he has lost his book.(先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答)_c) 單項選擇6. -where have you _, kate?-ive _ to the bank.a. gone, goneb. been, beenc. gone, beend. been, gon

7、e7. her grandfather _ for two years. a. diedb. has diedc. has been deadd. has been died8. its six weeks _ i met you last.a. whenb. sincec. befored. for9. tom and jack have arrived at west hill farm already.a. have gotb. have gone toc. have been tod. have reached現(xiàn)在完成時重點歸納及練習(xí)一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞

8、二、用法1：表示：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。標(biāo)志詞：already, yet, just, ever, never, before用法2：表示：過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志詞：for, since, sinceago用法一1.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影。i already the film.2.你已經(jīng)澆過花了嗎？_ you the flowers yet?3.他剛剛完成了家庭作業(yè)。he just his homework.4.我們曾經(jīng)去過五仙山。we ever to the wuxian hills.5.李雷從不抽煙。lilei never .用法二1.我學(xué)習(xí)英

9、語達到3年了。i english for 3 years.i english for 3 years.2.自從9點鐘以來，我們就在這兒等他。we for him since 9:00.we for him since 9:00.3.自從兩周前以來，他就在練習(xí)打籃球。he basketball since 2 weeks ago.4.自從lucy來中國以來，她就結(jié)交了許多朋友。she many friends since lucy came to china.一段時間的表達方法有兩種:1. for +一段時間。如：達到3年 for 3 years2. since + 過去的某一時刻。如：自從上周

10、以來 since last weeksince + 一般過去時態(tài)的從句。如：自從lucy來中國以來 since lucy came to china注意:for 和since 所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語都表示一段時間，對它們提問都用短語：how long 如：i have studied english for 3 years. how long have you studied english?動詞轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)束性動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用,但是可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞或短語。如：buy-have , borrow-keep , leave-be away, come-be in, begin-

11、be on , die-be dead, join-be a member of .1.他來中國半年了。he comes china for half a year. 改為： 。2.李雷買這本字典3天了。li lei has bought a dictionary for 3years. 改為： 。3.他的爺爺去世3年了。his grandpa has died for 3 years. 改： 。比較1一、當(dāng)有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時:yesterday(昨天), just now(剛才)，an hour ago（一個小時前）, last year(去年

12、); etc. 如：1.我們上周完成了我們的工作。we finished our work last week .2.飛機十分鐘前起飛了。the plane took off ten minutes ago .3.昨天，她們?nèi)ビ斡玖?。they went swimming yesterday .比較2二、現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)，如：1.我學(xué)習(xí)英語達到3年了。i english for 3 years.2.自從9點鐘以來，我們就在這兒等他。we for him since 9:00.we for him since 9:00.練習(xí) 11.他去過兩次瀘州。he _ _ _ luzhou _.2.他們?nèi)チ宿k

13、公室，將很快回來。they _ _ _ the office . they _ _ back soon. 3.他在中國四年了。he _ _ _china _ four years.4.自從兩年前以來，我就買了這塊手表。i _ _ the watch _ two years _ .5.他已經(jīng)離開一小時了。he _ _ _ _ an hour.練習(xí) 21. a: i my purse. (lose) b: what a pity. when you it? (lose) a: i it this morning. (lose)2.a:i have watched the game. b:when

14、_ you _ it? a. have watched b. do watch c. did watch3.a:ann has gone to shanghai. b:so her parents.（填詞）4.youve never seen such a wonderful film before, ? a. havent you b. have you c. do you 練習(xí)31. mr. green _ in china since five years ago. a. lived b. has lived c. lives2. his grandma _ for two years.

15、 a. died b. has been dead c. has died3. a:where is han mei now? b: she _ to shanghai. she will be back in two days. a. has gone b. has been c goes4. a: to the united stated ?（填詞） b: no, never, but i went to canada a few years ago5. you havent changed your mind,_? a. do you b. are you c. have you練習(xí) 4

16、1. how long have you _ the football team of the school? a. been on b. been c. joined d. played2. -where have you _ these days? -i have _ to beijing with my friends. a. been , gone b. been , been c. gone , been d. gone, gone3. how long have you _ this book? a. bought b. borrowed c. had d. lent4. excu

17、se me, _ you seen the film yet? -yes, i _ it last night. a. have, see b. have, have seen c. have, seen d. have, saw5. he has never ridden a horse before, _? a. is he b. isnt c. hasnt d. has he練習(xí) 51.i have posted a letter to my penfriend in america . a.already b.yet c.for two days2.you have never hea

18、rd such a story, you? a.havent b.dont c.have3.his grandma for many years. a.died b.has died c.has been dead5.wang hais been to shanghai ,and so _ his sister. a.is b.was c.has d.does6.jack has a watch. he _ it for two years. a.has had b.has bought c.got d.bought7.how many english words _ you _ since

19、you came to our school? a.have,learned b.do,learn c.will,learn d.did,learn9.our english teacher isnt here. she has _ shanghai. a.been b.gone c.been to d.gone to12. i my grandmother since two years ago. a.dont see b.see c.havent seen d.saw13.how long _ you _ here since you came to china? a.did,live b

20、.do,live c.have,lived d.will,live14.anns already read this story-book.(改為否定句) ann _ read this story-book _ .現(xiàn)在完成時專項練習(xí)一、單項選擇 1. li hong has _ the army for 2 years. a. joined b. be in c. been in d. joined in 2. we have been friends since _. a. children b. five years c. five years ago d. five years bef

21、ore 3. mike _ the story for a month. a. has bought b. has had c. had had d. has borrowed 4. you _ that question three times. a. already asked b. have already asked c. already have asked d. asked already 5. those foreign friends left guangzhou _. a. since last week b. a week ago c. for a week d. sinc

22、e a week ago 6. i _ at this school for two years. a. am studying b. study c. studied d. have studied 7. they _ in the city since last summer. a. live b. didnt live c. have lived d. live 8. mrs. wang has lived in haikou _ 1992. a. since b. from c. after d. in 9. mr. black _ china since the summer of

23、1998. a. has been to b. has been in c. has come to d. came to 10. his father _ for years. a. has died b. has been dead c. died d. dies 11. mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. a. wont go, saw b. wont go, will see c. wont go, has seen d. didnt go, sees 12.- would you like some more food? -

24、thank you. i _ enough. a. will have b. have had c. have d. had 13. _ you _ england? yes, it _ a beautiful country. a. will, gone to, was b.have, been to, is c. had, been to, is d.have, gone to, is 14. -_ you _ to beijing? -no, i _.i _ there early next month. a. have, been, havent, am going b. had, b

25、een, hadnt, am going c. have, gone, havent, was going d. did,go, didnt, was going 15. -you sister _ to london to study english. is that true? -yes , she _ there for two months. a. has been, has been b. will go, has gone c. gone, will be d. has gone, has been 16. he has a computer of his own. he _ it

26、 two days ago a. bought b. have bought c. buys d. has bought 17. where is li lei? he _ shanghai. a. has gone to b. has been to c. went to d. goes to 18. he _ his homework and is now listening to music. a. finishes b. has finished c. finish d. is finishing 19. david _ shanghai for more than three mon

27、ths. a. came to b. has been to c. has been in d. has come to 20. - is your father a party member? - yes, he _ the party three years ago. he _ a party member for three years. a. joined; has been b. has joined; has been c. was joined; is d. joined; was 21. -what a nice bike! how lone _ you _ it? -just

28、 five weeks. a. will; buy b. did; buy c. are; having d. have; had 22. i _ this book for a week .i have to return it now. a. borrowed b. have borrowed c. kept d. have kept 23. -_ your sister _ in green china for a long time? -yes. she joined it five years ago. a. has; been b. have; been c. has; joine

29、d d. have; joined 24. -how long have you _ from the usa? -for three months. a. come back b. returned c. go back d. been back 25. i _ this book for half a year. a. have bought b. have had c. bought d. had 26. the students are sorry to hear that famous singer _ for a year. a. has left b. has gone c. h

30、as been away d. has gone away 27. - _ you_ your homework yet? -yes, i _ it just now. a. did; do; finished b. have; done; finished c. have; done; have finished d. will; do; finish 28. the sand storm weather _ in beijing several times this year. a. happen b. happened c. has happened d. have happened 2

31、9. -how long have you been here? - _ last month. a. for b. until c. before d. since 30. he _ a cold for three days. a. has caught b. has had c. has got d. caught 31. jim green _ in china for two years. a. has come b. has been c. has arrived d. came 32. the film _ for half an hour. a. has been on b.

32、has begun c. hasnt begun d. began 33.where have you _ these days？ i have _ to beijing with my friends a. been；gone b. been；been c. gone；been d. gone；gone 34how long have you _ this book？ a. bought bborrowed chad dlent 35. we have lived here _ five years ago a. when bsince cbefore dafter 36i have wat

33、ched the game when _you _ it？ ahave；watched bdo；watch cdid；watch dwill；watch 37how do you like beijing, mr. black？ oh，i _ such a beautiful city adont visit bdidnt visit chavent visited dhadnt visited 38miss brown _ to the great wall twice ahave been bhas been chave gone dhas gone 39.his brother has

34、been to stone forest twice _ he came to yunnan aafter bbefore csince dfor 40his grandpa _ for two yearsawas died bhas been dead cwas dead dhas died 41have you ever_ to haikou？ yes，i_ there with my family last august agone；went bbeen；went cbeen；went to dbeen；was in 42. his sister _ her hometown for t

35、hree years. shell return next year aleft bhas left chas been away dhas been away from43、my parents _ shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to. have been44、the students have cleaned the classroom, ? a. so they b. dont they c. have they d. havent they45、_has mr white been a m

36、ember of greener china since he _to china?a. how soon, comes b. how often, got c. how long, came d. how far, arrived 46、 his uncle _ for more than 9 years.a. has come here b. has started to work c. has lived there d. has left the university二、選擇填空：1 .you have _ a tall young man. a grown b grown into

37、c grown us d grown up2. he has _ the watch for a year. a buy b bought c have d had3. has your brother _ the dog? a kept in b fed c fed on d kept on4.i _this book for two weeks, i have to return it now. a borrowed b have borrowed c kept d have kept5. have you ever _to the great wall? its very beautif

38、ul. a gone b been c went d go 6. her brother _the party since 1978. a joined b has joined c has been in d was in 7 .the greens _many places of interest since they came to china. a will visit b visited c have visited d visit8 .im sorry, i _ your name. a had forgotten b forgot c have forgotten d forgo

39、tten9. the bookshop _ for eight years.a has been open b has been opened chas opened d has open10. we have_all the paper so we need to buy some. a used up b made of c filled with d hunted for11. the flower i _ grown up.a. planted has b. planted have c. has planted d . have planted12.mother _me a new

40、coat yesterday. i _ it on. it fits me well.a. had madehave tried b. madehave tried c. has madetried d. madetried13. “he _to draw horses already”. “when _ he ?” “ last year “ a. learnedhas b. learneddid c. has learnedhas d. has learneddid14.tom _up into the tree. look, he _ high up there !a. has goti

41、s b. has climbedwas c. got was d. climbedis15._ you _ the text yet ? yes, we _ it two hours ago.a. didcopydid b. havecopiedhavec. havecopieddid d. did copyhad16. have you ever _(take) a train?17. it _(be ) more than three years since jim _(leave) here.18. have you _(make)friends with your new classm

42、ates yet?19. i _(have) my lunch and im not hungry now.20. jim has never seen a panda, _he?21. we _(be) good friends since we met at school.23. we cant find him anywhere. perhaps he_(go) home.24. he _(read) the book before.25. mr. green _(teach) us a lot about social studies since september.26. i _ne

43、ver_ (meet) her sister before.三、選擇填空1.mother _me a new coat yesterday. i _ it on. it fits me well. a. had madehave tried b. madehave tried c. has madetriedd. madetried2- “he _to draw horses already”. -when _ he ?” - “ last year “ a. learnedhas b. learneddid c. has learnedhas d. has learneddid3._you

44、_the text yet? yes,we_it two hours ago. a. didcopydid b. havecopiedhave c. havecopieddid d. did copyhad4. “why _ she _angry ?”“because he _at her just now .” a.didgetshouted b.hasgotshoutedc.didgethasshouted d.hasgothas shouted5. _you _the film before?where_you _it? a. have seendidsee b. did seedidw

45、atch c. haveseenhaveseen d. did seehaveseen6.you _me waiting for two hours. i_for you since five. a. keptwaited b. have keptwaited c. kepthave waited d. have kepthave waited7.where _ john _ ? to the library. he _there for an hour. a. hasbeenhas gone b.hasgonehas been c. didgowent d. didbewent8. i _t

46、he way.i_here for quite many years. a. knewhave lived b. knewlive c. knowhave lived d. knowlive9. _ you ever _ america ? yes, i have. a. havegone to b. havegone in c. havebeen to d. have been in10. my brother _college for over three years. a. has gone to b. has been to c. has been in d. has been at四、選擇填空：1、