上海市中考英語(yǔ)考綱詞匯

1、詞匯部分：上海市中考英語(yǔ)考綱詞匯解讀（1）1. able (adj.) 能詞組：be able to do sth. 有能力做某事詞性轉(zhuǎn)化：ability (n.) 能力 ones ability to do sth.某人做的能力句型轉(zhuǎn)換考點(diǎn)：(1) be able to do 轉(zhuǎn)化為manage to do, 解釋為“成功做成某事”。 (2) be unable to do相當(dāng)于fail to do sth./fail in sth.he never studies hard, so he wasnt able to pass the exam.（改為同義句）he never studies

2、 hard, so he failed to pass the exam.he never studies hard, so he failed in the exam.2. about (prep.) 大約(=more or less than)，左右, 周?chē)篽e is about thirty years old.（他大約三十歲了。）詞組：walk about 四處走來(lái)走去 ask about 詢(xún)問(wèn)3. above (adj.)上面的, 上述的 (adv.) 在上面 (prep.) 在上方above & on辨析：前者是垂直高度的比較，后者要觸及物體。under和below的區(qū)別和上述

3、相同。4. abroad (adv.) 往國(guó)外區(qū)別：foreign (adj.) 外國(guó)的 a foreign language 一門(mén)外語(yǔ)*be動(dòng)詞后方副詞的幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：here/there.im upstairs/downstairs. abroad/over.5. aboard(adv) 在船上, 在飛機(jī)上6. accept (vt.) 接受,認(rèn)可區(qū)別：receive (vt.) （某人）收到（某物）例句：the young girl received the invitation, but she didnt accept it.（這個(gè)年輕的女孩收了邀請(qǐng)卡，但是她沒(méi)有同意赴約。）7. acc

4、ident (n.) 事故, 意外事件traffic accident 交通事故區(qū)別：incident (n.)事件, 事變unexpected, political incident 不可預(yù)料的/政治的事件8. accurate (adj.) 準(zhǔn)確的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：accurately (adv.) 準(zhǔn)確地 accuracy (n.) 精確性, 準(zhǔn)確度9. achieve (v.) （勝利）完成, 達(dá)到詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：achievement (n.) 成就he has achieved a lot in physics. (他在物理方面有許多成就。)10. across (prep.) 在的對(duì)面 (ad

5、v.) 橫過(guò)walk across the street 橫穿馬路 sail across the ocean 橫跨大洋區(qū)別：cross (v.) 穿過(guò) cross the street 穿馬路across & through ：前者是平面穿過(guò)，后者是立體空間內(nèi)的穿過(guò)。11. act (v.) 表演 (n.) 演技action (n.) 措施, 舉措take immediate action to do sth. 對(duì)立刻采取措施actor, actress (n.) 男演員, 女演員active (adj.) 積極的take an active part in 積極參與actively (ad

6、v.) 積極地activity (n.) 活動(dòng)take part in activities in or after class 課內(nèi)和課后積極參加活動(dòng)12. add (v.) 增加add to 增加了例 ：the unexpected storm added to the difficulties in shanghai.(這個(gè)突如其來(lái)的暴風(fēng)雪給上海雪上加霜。)例 ：this stamp has added to the album.(這張郵票給郵冊(cè)增色不少。)add sth. to 給加上add a brick to the wall 給墻加上一塊磚add up to 數(shù)量總計(jì)為例句：th

7、e number of the students here adds up to sixty.(這里所有的學(xué)生加起來(lái)有60人。)addition (n.) 增加（物）in addition to=besides 除了還有except 除去(同類(lèi))except for 除去(不同類(lèi))例 ：this composition was written very well except for some spelling mistakes.(這篇作文除了一些拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤以外都非常好。) 例 ：this coat fits her except for its color.(除了顏色以外這件外套很適合她。)

8、例 ：shanghai is a good city except for its weather.(除了天氣以外, 上海是一個(gè)好城市。)13. adopt (v.) 采納, 領(lǐng)養(yǎng)adopted (adj.) 被收養(yǎng)的, 被采用的, 孤苦伶仃的adoptive (adj.) 收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的, 采用的, 好心的14. advantage (n.)優(yōu)勢(shì), 優(yōu)點(diǎn)反義詞：disadvantage (n.) 缺點(diǎn), 劣勢(shì)advantages and disadvantages 優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)詞組：a has advantages over b a比b有優(yōu)勢(shì)詞組：take advantage of every c

9、hance 利用每次機(jī)會(huì)15. advice (n.) 建議a piece of advice 一個(gè)建議16. afraid (adj.) 害怕be afraid of (客觀) 害怕, 擔(dān)心(某事)be afraid to do (主觀) 不愿意去做某事17. africa (n.) 非洲 african (adj.)非洲的asia (n.) 亞洲 asian (adj.) 亞洲的europe (n.) 歐洲 european (adj.) 歐洲的euro 歐元18. against (prep.) 反對(duì)反義詞：for (prep.) 贊同例句：some are for it, while

10、others are against it.(一些人贊同它, 然而一些人反對(duì)它。)19. age (n.) 年齡at the age of 在歲時(shí)when he was three years old=at the age of three (在他三歲的時(shí)候)詞組：the aged (年長(zhǎng)的人)詞組：stone age (石器時(shí)代)詞組：information age (信息時(shí)代)era=age 紀(jì)元20. agent (n.) 代理人agency (n.) 代理商tourist agency 旅游代理商21. agree (vi./vt.) 同意反義詞：disagree (v.) 反對(duì)，不同

11、意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：agreement (n.) 協(xié)議reach an agreement agree with sb./what sb. said同意.的意見(jiàn); 與.一致agree to his advice/plan/suggestion 同意他的意見(jiàn)/計(jì)劃/建議agree on (雙方就某件事件) 達(dá)成一致agree on the bargain/the price 討價(jià)還價(jià)/明碼議價(jià)22. ahead (adj./adv.) 在前,提前ahead of time=in advance提前book the tickets ahead of time/in advance 提前訂票23. aim

12、(v./n.) 目標(biāo)aim at 目標(biāo)為24. air (n.) 空氣by air=by plane by land =by bus by sea=by ship25. alarm (n.) 警報(bào)set the alarm clock for 把鬧鐘調(diào)到26. alive (adj.) 活著的be 動(dòng)詞后的表語(yǔ)形容詞：alive/alike/asleep/awake例 ：he is asleep/awake.(他熟睡著/醒著。)例 ：the twins are alike.(雙胞胎長(zhǎng)得很像。)反義詞：dead (adj.) 死的lively (adj.) 有活力的 a lively math

13、lesson(一節(jié)有活力的數(shù)學(xué)課。)live (n.) 直播 (adj.) 實(shí)況的27. all (adj.) 所有的 (adv.) 完全 (prep.) 全部not all= someothersall 后的單復(fù)數(shù)：表示“所有的人”動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“所有的事”動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。28. allow (v.) 允許(=permit)詞組：allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事詞匯部分：上海市中考英語(yǔ)考綱詞匯解讀（2）1. alone (adj.) 單獨(dú)的 (adv.) 單獨(dú)地 carried the suitcases alone. 獨(dú)自提著行李箱he was alone in the

14、house. 他獨(dú)自一人在家里。leave sb. alone 聽(tīng)其自然, 不要去管, 讓某人獨(dú)自留在那lonely (adj.) 孤獨(dú)的he lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely.2. along (adv.) 向前，和一起，同 (prep.) 沿著lets walk along the road, shall we?3. amazing (adj.) 令人驚訝的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：amazingly (adv.) 令人驚訝地amaze (vt.) 使.大為驚奇,令人驚愕 be amazed at (by) 對(duì).大為驚奇be amazed to see/hear

15、/find 看到聽(tīng)到, 發(fā)現(xiàn).感到吃驚amazement (n.) 驚異to sbs amazement使某人驚異的是.4. ambition (n.) 野心her ambition was to be a famous singer. 她的理想是成為著名的歌唱家。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：ambitious (adj.) 有野心的they are ambitious although they are poor. 他們雖窮卻很有志氣。5. amount (n.) 數(shù)量，總數(shù)an amount of 相當(dāng)數(shù)量的; 一些a large amount of 大量6. amusing (adj.) 引起樂(lè)趣的，娛人

16、的 amusingly (adv.) 7. angry (adj.) 生氣的i came home late and my mother was angry. 我回家晚了，我媽媽很生氣。be/get angry at/about sth.因某事而生氣be/get angry with sb.生某人的氣be/get angry at sb. for sth. 因.生某人的氣make sb. angry使某人生氣詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：angrily (adv.) 生氣地the woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assi

17、stant next day.這位婦女氣憤地走出了商店,決定次日懲罰他一下。8. another (adj.) 另外的, 又一, 不同的 (prep.) 另一個(gè), 另一個(gè)人, 同類(lèi)的東西英英解釋?zhuān)簅ne more; an additionalhave another cup of coffee. 又喝了一杯咖啡we need another chair. 我們?cè)僖话岩巫印?. apologize (v.) 道歉apologize to sb. 向某人道歉apologize to sb. for sth. 向某人為某事(為做了某事)道歉apologize to sb. for doing st

18、h. 向某人為某事(為做了某事)道歉10. appear (v.) 出現(xiàn), 看來(lái), 似乎英英解釋?zhuān)簍o become visiblehe appears quite young. 他顯得年輕。appear in court 出庭appear on the stage 登臺(tái)演出詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：appearance (n.) 出現(xiàn), 露面, 外貌, 外觀11. argue (vi.) 爭(zhēng)論, 辯論they argued the case for hours.他們就這件事?tīng)?zhēng)論了數(shù)小時(shí)。argue about/on/over辯論爭(zhēng)論某事12. boring (adj.) 令人厭煩的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：bored (a

19、dv.) 感到厭煩的 bore (v.) 使厭煩 boredom (n.) 厭煩詞匯部分：上海市中考英語(yǔ)考綱詞匯解讀（3）1. calculate (v.) 計(jì)算 calculation (n.) 計(jì)算過(guò)程 calculator (n.) 計(jì)算機(jī)there are a great number of calculators in use. 有大量的計(jì)算器在使用中。2. call (v.) 稱(chēng)呼，取名呼喚，打電話給 (n.) 叫；喊；（一次）電話；通話翻譯：你是如何稱(chēng)呼那個(gè)小孩的？what do you call that girl?要點(diǎn)：give, offer, call sb. sth.（雙

20、賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）介詞搭配：call on sb./at sp. 拜訪（某人、某地） call on the boss at the company 去公司拜訪老板3. camp (n.) 野營(yíng) campsite (n.) 野營(yíng)地 go camping 去野營(yíng)4. can (v. aux.) 能，會(huì)，可能用法： 表示一種肯定的推測(cè)：must becant bethat must be professor brown, isnt it? that cant be professor brown, is it? can 和be able to, manage to, succeed in 的區(qū)別：后者表示

21、經(jīng)過(guò)努力做成的事情。 the climber managed to/was able to/succeeded in reach(ing) the top.5. canada (n.) 加拿大canadian (n.) 加拿大人6. care (n./v.) 小心，關(guān)心 because of carelessness 由于粗心詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：careful (adj.) 仔細(xì)的 careless (adj.) 粗心的 make the mistakes carelessly7. carry (v.) 運(yùn)送，搬運(yùn)，攜帶詞組：carry on 繼續(xù) carry on the operation 繼續(xù)手術(shù)

22、carry out 執(zhí)行 carry out the policy 執(zhí)行政策8. catch (v.) (catch-caught-caught) 接住，趕上，患（?。゜e caught in the rain 被雨淋濕9. center(centre) (n.) 中心，中央 city center 市中心 (=downtown)10. certain (adj.) 一定的，有把握的 sb. be certain (sure) be certain to 必然; 一定its certain that its certain that it will rain. 很肯定天會(huì)下雨。11. chan

23、ge (v.) 改變，轉(zhuǎn)變 great changes have taken place in sp.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：changeable (adj.) 多變的 changeable seasons in britain 英國(guó)多變的氣候12. channel (n.) 頻道 turn tochannel 轉(zhuǎn)到頻道 the english channel 英吉利海峽channel 表示“渠道”：communication channel溝通渠道13. charge (v.) 收費(fèi)，要價(jià)how much do you charge? 你要價(jià)多少？charge sb. with 指控某人犯罪14. che

24、er (v.) 歡呼cheer up 歡呼15. chemist (n.) 藥劑師the chemists 藥房chemical (adj.) 化學(xué)的chemistry (n.) 化學(xué)16. choose (v.) 選擇choice (n.) 選擇17. christmas (n.) 圣誕節(jié)at christmas 在圣誕節(jié)那天(=on christmas day/eve)18. clear (adj.) 清晰的，明亮的；天氣放晴 its clearing up again. 天氣又放晴了。19. clothes (n.) 衣服總稱(chēng)clothing (n.) 衣服總稱(chēng)（不可數(shù)）cloth (n

25、.) 特種布料（可數(shù)名詞）；所有面料（不可數(shù)名詞）a table cloth 臺(tái)布to make many clothes by much cloth 用各種布料做衣服20. coincidence (n.) 巧合，偶遇what a coincidence!(=what a small world!) 多巧?。?1. cold (adj.) 冷的its freezing cold today. 今天好冷?。ts burning hot today. 今天好熱??！22. conductor (n.) 售票員，指揮conduct (v.) 執(zhí)行conduct the experiment 做實(shí)驗(yàn)

26、23. contest (n.) 競(jìng)賽辨析：context (n.) 上下文 contact (v.) 與接觸，聯(lián)系 for more information, please contact. contact sb. at 用（某號(hào)碼）聯(lián)系某人24. convenient (adj.) 方便的impossible, important, convenient, necessary 的結(jié)構(gòu) its for sb. to do sth. sb. find it to do sth.its convenient for sb. to do sth. 對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事時(shí)方便的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：conveni

27、ence (n.) 便利25. continue (v.) 繼續(xù)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：continuous (adj.) 持續(xù)（不中斷）的continuously (adv.)continual (adv.) 連續(xù)的, 頻繁（間斷）的continually (adv.)26. corner (n.) 角落 in/at/around the corner27. correct (v.) 改正 (adj.) 正確的反義詞：incorrect (adj.) 不正確的 what he said was incorrect.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：uncorrected (adj.) 未被改正的 there are still

28、some uncorrected mistakes.28. course (n.) 過(guò)程；課程 in the course of 在的過(guò)程中29. cover (v.) 覆蓋 three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water. 地球3/4的表面被水覆蓋。is the word covered in the dictionary? 這個(gè)單詞被收入這本詞典里嗎？（cover表“收入”）30. crazy (adj.)be crazy about 對(duì)瘋狂craze (n.) 瘋狂31. create (v.) 創(chuàng)造creative (

29、adj.) 創(chuàng)造性的creation (n.) 創(chuàng)作物32. custom (n.) 風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣customs (n.) 海關(guān)customer (n.) 顧客33. daily (adj.) 每天的china daily中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)diary (n.) 日記34. damage (v.) 破壞，毀壞辨析：sth. be damaged 受到破壞 the computer system/house has been damaged. be hurt/injured （事故中）人的受傷；hurt還指心靈上的受傷 be wounded （戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的）槍傷，刀傷35. danger (n.) 危險(xiǎn) be in

30、 dangerdangerous (adj.) 危險(xiǎn)的36. deal (v.) 處理 how to deal with/ what to do with 怎么處理37. death (n.) 死亡dying (adj.) 垂死的dead (adj.) 已死的38. decide (v.) 決定decide to do sth. 決定做make a decision 做決定make up ones mind(s) to do 下定決心做39. decorate (v.) 裝飾，裝修decoration (n.) 裝飾（品）decorative (adj.) 裝飾的40. deep (adj./

31、adv.) 深的（地）hard (硬的，困難的)hardly (幾乎不) deep (深的)deeply (深刻地，深切地)幾組形副詞辨析： wide (寬的)widely (廣泛地) late (遲的) lately (最近地，近來(lái)) high (高的)highly (高度的) think/speak highly of sb. 高度贊揚(yáng)某人41. delay (v./n.) 耽擱，延誤(be delayed=put off)42. departure (n.) 離開(kāi)，出發(fā)（反義詞：arrival 到達(dá)）43. depend (v.) 依靠，依賴(lài)depend on(=be dependent

32、 on) 依靠be independent of 獨(dú)立independence day 美國(guó)獨(dú)立日詞匯部分：上海市中考英語(yǔ)考綱詞匯解讀（4）1. describe (v.) 描述description (n.) 描述詞組：describe sb./sth. as 把描繪成 be described as 被描繪成snoopy is described as a lovely and funny dog.2. deserve (v.) 值得(后常接名詞：punishment, honor)3. detect (v.) 偵查detective (n.)偵探4. diet (n.) 膳食go on

33、a diet 節(jié)食5. different (adj.) 不同的make no difference to 對(duì)沒(méi)有變化6. difficult (adj.) 困難的have no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 沒(méi)有困難做某事do sth. without difficulty 毫不費(fèi)力地做某事7. disappear (v.) 消失appear (v.) 出現(xiàn)never trust appearance. （諺語(yǔ)）不要以貌取人。8. discover (v.) 發(fā)現(xiàn)discoverer (n.) 發(fā)現(xiàn)者discovery (n.) 發(fā)現(xiàn)9. honest

34、 (adj.) 誠(chéng)實(shí)的dishonest (adj.) 不誠(chéng)實(shí)的10. dislike (v.) 不喜歡he dislikes such music, doesnt he?11. distance (n.) 距離in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)方12. drop (v./n.) 滴，一滴drop in on sb. (=visit sb.) 拜訪某人13. during (prep.) 在.期間（常跟名詞）：during the course of sth.14. duty (n.) 職責(zé)be on/off duty 上（下）班，sense of duty 責(zé)任感15. each & ev

35、ery（1）each作獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)：each has a ball.every后跟名詞：every one of（2）everyone等一類(lèi)的“合成詞”不能用of結(jié)構(gòu)。16. rise/ set in the east 東邊升起（落下）17. economy (n.) 經(jīng)濟(jì) ”economist” 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家（雜志）18. education (n.) 教育educational (adj.) 教育的educated (adj.)受過(guò)教育的highly-educated learner 受過(guò)高等教育的學(xué)習(xí)者19. effect (n.) 影響，效果effective (adj.) 有效的have g

36、reat effect on sth. 對(duì)有重大影響the medicine is effective against cough/stomachache.efficient (adj.) 高效的，效率高的efficient secretary the washing machine is working efficiently.20. electric (adj.) 用電發(fā)動(dòng)的，導(dǎo)電的 fan/lightelectrical (adj.) 電力的，發(fā)電的21. encourage (v.) 鼓勵(lì)courage (n.) 勇氣discourage22. end (v./n.) in the e

37、nd, at the end of (一般過(guò)去時(shí)), by the end of (過(guò)去完成時(shí))23. energy (n.) 能量energetic (adj.) 精力充沛的24. enter (v.) 進(jìn)入entrance (n.) 入口類(lèi)似的“脫落字母的詞”：explain-explanation, pronounce-pronunciation詞匯部分：上海市中考英語(yǔ)考綱詞匯解讀（5）1. environment (n.) 環(huán)境environmental (adj.) 環(huán)境的environmental pollution 環(huán)境污染2. equal (adj.) 相等的，平等的be eq

38、ual to 和相等3. escape (v.) 逃脫，逃避escape/mind/finish/enjoy/practice doing sth.4. especially (adv.) 特別地，(相比較而言) 突出的部分specially (adv.) 專(zhuān)門(mén)地，特地the film was specially made for teenagers. (特地)the star is popular with many young students, especially girl students. (尤其)5. europe (n.) 歐洲european (adj.) 歐洲的6. eve

39、nt (n.) 大事件（比較：item 小事）7. exactly (adv.) 確切地，精確地exactly the same 完全正確8. except 除之外（同類(lèi)）except for 除去（不同類(lèi)）except that “如果要句子，名詞要出現(xiàn)”besides 除了（還有）例句：the composition is good except for some spelling mistakes. that there are some spelling mistakes.形似詞：expect (v.) 期待expectation (n.) 期待9. exhibition (n.) 展

40、覽會(huì)exhibit (v.) 展覽10. experience (n.) 經(jīng)驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)），經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)，一般加s）he is an experienced worker. he has many interesting experiences in america.11. explore (v.) 探險(xiǎn)explore the space 探索太空explorer (n.) 探險(xiǎn)者exploration (n.) 探險(xiǎn)12. fail (v.) 失敗fail to do sth. 未能（用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)表示否定意義）he failed to catch the flight. (=he missed t

41、he flight.)fail in sth.=fail to do sth.failure (n.) 失敗13. fair (adj.) 公平的句型：its fair for him to do sth., i find it fair to do sth.規(guī)律：convenient, important, fair等詞大寫(xiě)it形式主語(yǔ)，小寫(xiě)it形式賓語(yǔ)。14. fallfellfallen （落下）feelfeltfelt （感覺(jué)）15. familiar (adj.) 熟悉的sb. be familiar with sth. =sth. be familiar to sb.16. fam

42、ous (adj.) 著名的be famous for 以著名shanghai is famous for inner city temple. (上海以城隍廟著名。)17. farm (n.) 農(nóng)場(chǎng)on the farm 在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上18. favour (n.) 恩惠favourite (adj.) 最喜歡的19. feedfedfed（喂）cattles feed on the grass.（牛以草為食物。）20. fetch/bring/take/carry the umbrella21. february (n.) 二月22. findfoundfound（找）foundfoundedf

43、ounded（建立）23. fire (n.) 火 be on fire 失火（狀態(tài)）catch fire 著火（動(dòng)作）set fire to sp. 對(duì)縱火24. first (adj.) 第一的above all 最重要的frist of all 首先（陳述觀點(diǎn)）at first 最初（論述過(guò)程）25. fit (v.) 適合keep fir 保持身體健康be fit foe 勝任26. drive (v.) 駕駛drive the car/fly the plane27. forecast (v.) 預(yù)報(bào)（forecastforecastforecast）28. foreigner (n

44、.) 外國(guó)人france (n.) 法國(guó)french (adj.) 法國(guó)的frenchman (n.) 法國(guó)人29. frighten (v.) 使驚嚇frightened/frightening30. full (adj.) 滿的make full use of time 充分利用時(shí)間be fully fit for 充分勝任詞匯部分：上海市中考英語(yǔ)考綱詞匯解讀（6）1. furniture (n.) 家具（不可數(shù)）a piece of furniture 一件家具2. gain (v.) 獲得sb. gain a wide knowledge of sth. 某人擁有豐富的知識(shí)3. gen

45、erally (adv.) 普遍地generally speaking 眾所周知4. gentle (adj.) 溫柔的gentleman (n.) 紳士speak in a gentle(=soft) voice 用溫和的語(yǔ)氣說(shuō)german, human, walkman變復(fù)數(shù)直接加s。5. global (adj.) 全球的global issue 全球問(wèn)題6. goal (n.) 目標(biāo)achieve/reach a goal 達(dá)到一個(gè)目標(biāo)accomplish/achieve: accomplish a goal 側(cè)重完成一個(gè)目標(biāo) achieve a lot in sth. 在有成就7.

46、golden (adj.) 金色的gold medal 金牌miss a golden chance 錯(cuò)過(guò)一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)golden ages 花樣年華8. government (n.) 政府9. graduate (n.) 大學(xué)畢業(yè)生10. guess (v.) 猜測(cè)注意聽(tīng)力中g(shù)uessed和guest的辨析。11. habit (n.) 習(xí)慣句型：has developed a habit of getting up early/washing hands since ones childhood 從某人的同年開(kāi)始養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣12. hamburger, sandwich, hot dog, t

47、omato, orange juice均為聽(tīng)力填空考點(diǎn)，高度重視。13. hang-hanged-hanged (絞死) hang-hung-hung (懸掛)far-farther-farthest (距離遠(yuǎn)) far-further-furthest (程度深)14. happen (v.) 碰巧發(fā)生sb. happen to do sth. =it happens thati happened to meet the professor yesterday, =it happened to me that i met 15. happy (adj.) 快樂(lè)的look happy看上去開(kāi)心

48、look happily at開(kāi)心地看著16. hard (adj./adv.) 硬的be hard on sb.=be strict with sb./in sth. 對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格17. harm (n.) 傷害do harm to sth./be harmful toharmful/harmless18. headache/stomachache/backache19. hear (vi.) 聽(tīng)到hear from 收到來(lái)信hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)20. hesitate (v.) 猶豫，躊躇hesitation (n.) 猶豫without hesitation 毫不猶豫21. histo

49、ry (n.) 歷史historic (adj.) 歷史意義的（加時(shí)間點(diǎn)）historical (adj.) 歷史的（考綱）a historical novel about world war 一本關(guān)于二戰(zhàn)的歷史小說(shuō)22. hit-hit-hithit sb. on the head, hit sb. on the leg, box sb. on the ear (打某人耳光)23. hole (n.) 洞，cave 山洞24. the homeless 無(wú)家可歸的人the rich/poor/oldthose who 的人25. honest (adj.) 誠(chéng)實(shí)的dishonest (adj

50、.) 不誠(chéng)實(shí)的an honest boy26. humor (n.) 幽默a sense of humor 幽默感類(lèi)似詞組：sense of sight/hearing/feeling/beauty 視覺(jué)，聽(tīng)覺(jué)，感覺(jué)，審美觀詞匯部分：上海市中考英語(yǔ)考綱詞匯解讀（7）1. ice (n.) 冰聽(tīng)力考點(diǎn)：break the ice(=break the silence打破沉默)兩份冰淇淋：two ice-creams兩杯啤酒：two beers兩杯咖啡：two coffees2. i dont know= i have no idea.（后跟賓語(yǔ)從句）3. immediately (adv.) 立

51、刻as soon as相當(dāng)于immediately，作為連詞用as soon as(=immediately) he returns, i ll tell him what has happened.4. important (adj.) 重要的結(jié)構(gòu)1：be of+n.=be+adj.something is important=something is of importance.something is useful=something is of use.something is valuable.=something is of value.結(jié)構(gòu)2：sth. is very usefu

52、l/valuable/important=sth. is of great use/value/importance5. improve (v.) 提升，提高improvement (n.) 進(jìn)步6. in+一段時(shí)間how soon提問(wèn)once a monthhow often 提問(wèn)for+一段時(shí)間how long 提問(wèn)（how long可以和任何時(shí)態(tài)連用）7. depend on/uponindependent (adj.)獨(dú)立的be independent of 獨(dú)立于（be independent of parents control擺脫父母控制）8. store (a great de

53、al of/large amounts of ) information 儲(chǔ)存大量信息9. instead of doing sth. 代替做（而不是做）i stayed at home instead of going to the movies. （我呆在家而不是去看電影。）10. be interested in doing sth. （介詞詞組）be interested to do sth. （動(dòng)詞詞組）11. interview (v.) 采訪，面試（常用被動(dòng)）sb. is being interviewed12. intosee into 調(diào)查13. discoverdiscov

54、erydiscoverer inventinventioninventor14. inviteinvitation15. italyitalian16. judge (v./n.) 裁決、裁判17. be keen on=be fond of熱愛(ài)一些常見(jiàn)的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)：be different from, keep the secret between you and me18. sb. be kept doing sth.=keep sb. busy doing sth.19. kick sb. on the leg20. kill the time 打發(fā)時(shí)間21. knowledge (n.) 知識(shí)have a knowledge of 有的知識(shí)22. be late for 遲于 be late with 耽誤be famous for 著名于 be famous with 在著名23. burst into laughter（+burst out laughing）大笑起來(lái)burst into tears（=burst out crying）大哭起來(lái)24. forgot ones key=left ones key behind(或left ones key+sp.)25. library