Module 12 Help 詞句精講精練

1、Module 12 Help 詞匯精講 1. broken （1） broken是形容詞，意為“打破的；碎了的；壞了的”。例如： The room whose window is broken is our classroom. 那個(gè)窗戶壞了的房間是我們的教室。 Yesterday his bike was broken so he had to walk to school. 昨天他的自行車壞了，因此他不得不走著去上學(xué)。 （2） broken還可作為動(dòng)詞break的過去分詞，break的過去式為broke。例如： Be careful, or youll break the cup.小心，否

2、則你會(huì)打碎杯子。 A thief had broken the window of my uncles house before we got there. 在我們到達(dá)之前一個(gè)小偷已經(jīng)打破了我叔叔家的窗戶。 【拓展】break的相關(guān)固定搭配： （1）break down 意為“(機(jī)器)壞了；（計(jì)劃、談判）失??；（談話、通訊）中斷等”。 We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down. 很抱歉我們來晚了，由于車壞了。 Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 雙方的談判

3、已經(jīng)破裂。 （2）break into 表示“破門而入；打斷（談話）”。 I caught two men trying to break into the office. 我瞧見兩個(gè)人想闖入我的辦公室。 He broke into our talk rudely. 他粗魯?shù)卮驍嗔宋覀兊恼勗挕?（3）break out 表示“（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、瘟疫、火災(zāi)等）爆發(fā) ”。 World War II broke out in September 1939. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于1939年9月。 （4）break up 表示“散會(huì),（學(xué)期）結(jié)束”等。 When does school break up? 本學(xué)期

4、什么時(shí)候結(jié)束？ 2. imagine imagine是動(dòng)詞，意為“想象，推測(cè)”，后面可接名詞、代詞、賓語從句、復(fù)合賓語，常用于結(jié)構(gòu)：imagine doing sth.想象做某事。例如： We cant imagine what China will be like in the future. 我們無法想象將來中國是什么樣子。 I cant imagine leaving all my friends. 我無法想象離開我所有的朋友。 Imagine having a cinema in your own home. 想象一下有家庭影院的感覺。 No one can imagine what

5、would happen next. 沒有人能想象出下一步會(huì)發(fā)生什么。 【拓展】 imagination是imagine的名詞形式，意為“想象力”。例如： The little boy has rich imagination.這個(gè)小男孩想象力很豐富。 3. trouble （1）trouble作動(dòng)詞，意為“打擾；麻煩”。例如： Im sorry to trouble you. 對(duì)不起，打擾你了。 （2）trouble作名詞，意為“麻煩；困擾”。常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)： 1）have trouble doing sth.意為“做某事有困難，這時(shí)trouble可以用difficulty來代替。 I ha

6、d no trouble finding his phone number. 我毫不費(fèi)力就找到了他的電話號(hào)碼。 Did you have any trouble getting there? 你到那里有沒有遇到什么困難？ 2）in trouble/get into trouble/get sb. into trouble 遇到困難；遇到麻煩 He was in trouble with the Customs. 他在海關(guān)那里有了麻煩。 This will get you into trouble. 這件事將給你帶來麻煩。 頁 1 第4. drop （1）作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“掉下，落下，下降，減

7、弱”。例如： The apple dropped from the tree to the ground. 蘋果從樹上掉到地上。 The ball dropped out of his hand. 球從他手里掉了下來。 Prices dropped. 物價(jià)下跌了。 The wind has dropped. 風(fēng)勢(shì)已減弱了。 （2）作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使掉下，使落下”。例如： Mary dropped the vase on the floor. 瑪麗失手把花瓶掉在地板上。 （3） 作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“放棄”。例如： You must drop smoking (the bad habit). 你必

8、須戒煙(戒除這個(gè)壞習(xí)慣)。 Better drop the idea. 最好打消這個(gè)想法。 【拓展】 drop in /around探望，串門。例如： Please drop in to see us if you are in Bradford. 如果你到布拉福特，請(qǐng)順便來看看我們。 My sister dropped around last night. 昨晚我姐姐順便來看了我。 【注意】 drop in(順便拜訪)是不及物動(dòng)詞短語，其后不能接賓語。若語義上需要接賓語，根據(jù)情況可用on(針對(duì)人)或at(針對(duì)地方)。例如： She dropped in at his office. 她去了他

9、的辦公室找他。 I thought Id drop in on you while I was passing. 我曾想路過時(shí)就來看看你。 5. make sure make surebe sure，意思是“確信”，它的后面可以用賓語從句，也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式。 (1) be sure of sth. 對(duì)某事很確定 I am sure of his guilt.我確定他有罪。 I am sure of his coming. 我確定他會(huì)來。 (2) be sure to do sth. 一定會(huì)做某事 I am sure to close the window after school. 放學(xué)后我

10、一定會(huì)關(guān)窗的。 I am sure to help you tomorrow.我明天一定會(huì)幫你。 (3) be sure that+從句 對(duì)某事很確定 I am sure that he will achieve his goal. 我確定他會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的。 He is sure that his mother will come to see him this afternoon. 他確信今天下午他媽媽會(huì)來看他。 6. cover （1）cover作動(dòng)詞，意為“包含；包括；涉及；蓋；遮蓋；報(bào)道”，在句中作謂語。例如： The lectures covered a lot of subjects

11、. 這些講座涉及的內(nèi)容極為廣泛。 The survey covers all aspects of the business. 調(diào)查包括這個(gè)企業(yè)的各個(gè)方面。 Please cover the bowl with a piece of paper. 請(qǐng)用紙把碗蓋上。 This years Beijing Music Awards will be covered live. 頁 2 第今年的北京音樂大獎(jiǎng)賽將進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播。 （2）cover作名詞，“封面；蓋子”，在句中作主語或賓語。例如： The cover of the magazine is very beautiful. 這本雜志的封面很漂亮

12、。 7. warn warn是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“警告；告誡；提醒”。其用法如下： （1）warnof意為“提醒注意”，后直接跟名詞或代詞。例如： I warned them of danger.我提醒他們有危險(xiǎn)。 （2）warn sb. against意為“警告某人別”或“警告某人提防”。例如： I warned you against buying that old car. 我警告過你別買那輛舊車。 He warned me against walking alone at night. 他告誡我夜間不要單獨(dú)行走。 （3）warn后跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即warn sb. to/not to do s

13、th.。例如： The teacher warned her not to be late again. 老師警告她不要再遲到了。 He warned Bill to keep away from the fire. 他警告比爾離火遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)。 8. keep (1) keep用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“保存；保留；保守”。 Could you keep these letters for me, please? 你能替我保存這些信嗎？ Ill keep a seat for you. 我給你留個(gè)座位。 Can you keep a secret? 你能保守秘密嗎？ (2) keep用作連系動(dòng)詞,后常接表語

14、形容詞，意為“保持處于某種狀態(tài)”。 You must look after yourself and keep healthy. 你必須照顧好自己，保持身體健康。 She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必須保持鎮(zhèn)靜。 (3) keep的常用句型： keep doing sth. 意為“繼續(xù)干某事“，表示不間斷地持續(xù)干某事，后須接延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。 He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time. 他整天都在不停地工作，因?yàn)樗霚?zhǔn)時(shí)完成工作。 keep on doing sth.

15、意為“持續(xù)做某事”。 The pupil kept on asking me the same question. 這個(gè)學(xué)生不斷地問我同一個(gè)問題。 keep.from doing sth.意為“阻止/防止做某事”。 The heavy snow kept us from going out. 大雪使我們不能出去 【拓展】 keep 構(gòu)成的常見短語有： keep off 避開，使免受影響 keepaway from 使遠(yuǎn)離 keep up with 跟上 keep +賓語+形容詞 保持處于某種狀態(tài) 9. clear (1) clear作形容詞，意為“與不接觸的；與分離的”，其后常與of連用。例如

16、： 頁 3 第Keep clear of fires. 遠(yuǎn)離火源。 Stand clear of the stage. 站得離舞臺(tái)遠(yuǎn)些。 (2) clear作形容詞，意為“清澈的；透明的；晴朗的；明白的”。例如： How clear the water in the lake is! 湖里的水真清澈??！ Standing on the top of the building you can see most of the city on a clear day. 在晴朗的天氣里，站在這座樓的頂部你能看見這個(gè)城市的大部分。 “Are you clear?”the teacher asked. “

17、你們聽明白了嗎？”老師問道。 (3) clear的副詞形式有兩種：clearly與clear。clearly表示抽象意義上的“清楚地”，clear表示實(shí)際上的“清楚地，明顯地”。例如： He knows this clearly.他清楚地知道這一點(diǎn)。 I can hear you loud and clear.我能聽見你說話，聲音響亮又清楚。 (4) clear還可用作動(dòng)詞，意為“移除，清除，（天）變晴”等。例如： My father usually clears the table after supper. 晚飯后我爸爸常收拾桌子。 The sky clears after the sto

18、rm. 暴風(fēng)雨過后天放晴了。 詞匯精練 I把下列基本詞組英漢互譯。 1. 急救_ 2. 基本的醫(yī)療救助_ 3. at the bottom of_ 4. 喊救命_ 5. lift up_ 6. 保持冷靜 _ 7. in short _ 8. have no idea _ 9. 找出；查明_ 10. 遠(yuǎn)離 _ II根據(jù)漢語提示填空。 1You cannot _(想象) how knowledgeable the person is 2He _ (蓋上)the baby with a quilt 3You can find some sand at the _(底部) of the bottle

19、4There are six hundred _(樓梯) and I dont think I can climb up 5An apple _ (落下)from the tree and we picked it up. III. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1They said that they needed some _(medicine) help 2She had trouble _(learn)English 3She knew _ (clear) that who stole her English dictionary. 4The polluted air is _(harm)

20、 to our health 5My chair is _(break)Who can help me to repair it? IV從方框中選擇適當(dāng)詞組填空。 prepare for， warnof， lift up， keep away from， run away 1They are _ the tomorrows meeting at the moment 2Were going to have a picnic. Mother _ us _ the fire 3The man is strong enough to _ the heavy things 頁 4 第4If you w

21、ant to keep healthy，you must _ junk food 5The thief tried to _，but he was caught by a policeman 參考答案 I把下列基本詞組英漢互譯。 1.first aid 2. basic medical help 3.在底部 4. shout for help 5. 抬起；提起 6. keep calm 7. 簡(jiǎn)言之；總之 8. 不知道 9.find out 10.stay away from/keep away from/keep clear of II根據(jù)漢語提示填空。 1imagine 2covered/

22、covers 3bottom 4stairs 5dropped III用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1 medical 2learning 3clearly 4harmful 5broken IV從方框中選擇適當(dāng)詞組填空。 1. preparing 2. warns; of 3. lift up 4. keep away from 5. run away 句式精講 1. should+動(dòng)詞原形 should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該”。“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示“應(yīng)該做某事”，其中should無人稱和數(shù)的變化，也不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)；否定形式為s

23、hould not，縮寫為shouldnt。其主要用法有： (1) 表示責(zé)任和義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”。例如： You should take your teachers advice. 你應(yīng)該聽從你老師的建議。 You shouldnt be late for class. 你不應(yīng)該上課遲到。 (2) 表示推斷，意為“可能，該”。例如： The train should have already left. 火車可能已經(jīng)離開了 2. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture. stay away from意為“遠(yuǎn)離”。例如： We should stay

24、 away from smoking and drinking. 我們應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)離吸煙喝酒。 【拓展】 （1）far away from意為“離很遠(yuǎn)”。例如： The school is far away from my home. 學(xué)校離我家很遠(yuǎn)。 （2）表示離某地具體的距離時(shí)用“beaway from”。例如 My home is five hundred miles away from our school. 我家離我們學(xué)校有500米遠(yuǎn)。 （3）keep away from意為“與保持距離；不要靠近”。例如： Police warned standers-by to keep away fr

25、om the blazing building. 警察告誡圍觀者不要靠近燃燒著的建筑物。 （4） 常見的away短語有： take away 帶走；奪走；run away 逃跑；put away 收起來；go away走開 3. But he could have trouble hearing you or speaking to you. could 表猜測(cè)，意為“可能，會(huì)”。但表示的可能性不是十分大。例如： Its 7 oclock. He could be at home. 現(xiàn)在是七點(diǎn)鐘，他可能在家。 Its Monday. The children could be having c

26、lass. 頁 5 第今天是星期一，孩子們可能在上課。 【拓展】 (1) could 還可以表示“（過去）能/會(huì)”，是can的過去式。 She could sing the song when she was five years old. 她五歲時(shí)就會(huì)唱這首歌了。 (2) could 用于請(qǐng)求對(duì)方允許時(shí)，語氣比can更加委婉，并不表示過去。 Could you tell me the way to the station? 你能告訴我去車站的路嗎？ 4. Thats such good advice that you could be a doctor, Betty! such.that意思

27、是“如此以至于”，中間有名詞，such修飾此名詞，that的后面是表示結(jié)果的狀語從句。而同義短語so.that的中間是形容詞或副詞，so修飾形容詞或副詞，形容詞后一般沒有名詞。例如： It is such an interesting film that all of us like it. 它是一部如此有興趣的電影以至于我們都喜歡它。 He had such long arms that he could almost touch his knees. 他的胳膊很長(zhǎng)，幾乎就能夠到他的膝蓋。 Our teacher is so kind that all of us like him. 我們的

28、老師是如此好心以至于我們都喜歡他。 He runs so fast that nobody in my class can catch up with him. 他跑得那么快，我們班沒有人能追上他。 【注意】 如果名詞前的形容詞是表示數(shù)量的few、little、many、much仍要用so修飾。 There are so many people in the room that we could not get in. 房間里那么多的人，我們都進(jìn)不去。 5. Leave the building quickly when the ground stops shaking leave用作動(dòng)詞，意

29、為“離開”?！發(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)名詞”意為“離開某地”；“l(fā)eave for+地點(diǎn)名詞”意為“去某地”；leave.for意為“離開去”。例如： He left his hometown in 2019. 他在2019年離開了故鄉(xiāng)。 Han Mei will leave for Beijing next month. 韓梅下個(gè)月要去北京。 Then he will leave Qingdao for Shanghai. 然后他將離開青島前往上海。 【拓展】 (1) leave用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，還意為： 1） 留下 My elder brother ate a small apple and left

30、a big one for me. 我哥哥吃了個(gè)小蘋果，給我留了個(gè)大的。 2）“l(fā)eave sth. in/on/at +某地”意為“把某物忘在某地”。 I left my umbrella on the bus this morning. 今天早上我把雨傘落在了公共汽車上。 (2) leave用作名詞，意為“休假；假期”。例如： If you dont feel well, you may ask for a sick leave. 如果你感到不舒服，你可以請(qǐng)病假。 頁 6 第句式精練 I句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1We have prepared for the tomorrows trip(改為同義句

31、) We have _ _ _ the tomorrows trip 2Whats the matter with you?(改為同義句) Whats the_ with you? 3You should take an umbrella with you(改為否定句) You _ _ an umbrella with you 4Its dangerous to swim there(改為同義句) Its _ _ to swim there 5The great writer died two years ago(改為同義句) The great writer _ _ _ for two ye

32、ars II完成句子，每空一詞。 1讓我們?cè)O(shè)想一次意外。 _ _ an accident 2他可能很疼。 He _ _ in pain 3首先，查明他怎么了。 First of all _ _ whats wrong _ him 4但是他可能很難聽到你說話或者和你說話。 But he could _ _ _ you or speaking to you 5那是多么好的建議，以至于你一定會(huì)是一名好醫(yī)生。 Thats _ good advice _ you could be a good doctor 6那可能對(duì)牙齒是有害的。 That _ _ harmful to teeth 7你一定是在開玩笑吧。 You _ _ kidding 8請(qǐng)遠(yuǎn)離抽煙和喝酒。 Please _ _ _ smoking and drinking 9不要站在大門口。 _ _ at