專八聽力會話4大題型及解題技巧教學(xué)教材

1、此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除 第二周聽力會話留篇章頁。今日講堂星期1 Mon day4大題型及解題技巧縱觀歷年真題，會話的形式分為對話與訪談兩類，近年來考試以訪談為主。訪談又可 分為采訪與面試。無論是對話、采訪還是面試，試題按照考查內(nèi)容劃分可以分為四種題型： 主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。、主旨題主旨題主要考查考生對訪談或?qū)υ挼闹黝}(topic或main point )和訪談或?qū)υ挼拇笠?main idea )的概括或判斷能力。這種題型考試中比例不是很大，此題型常見的提問方式有：The in terview mainly focus onThe main idea of

2、this in terview isThe in terview is mainly aboutFrom the con versati on, we get the impressi on that 【例1】(09-5)5. The in terview mainly focuses onM: Good morni ng, Mrs. Colli ns, welcome to our studio. As a distinguished member of Toastmasters International, could you tell us aA the backgro und in f

3、ormatio n.B the description of training courses.C the requireme nts of public speak ing.D the overall pers onal growth.bit about the backgro und of the orga ni zati on?It was founded in 1924 by Ralph Smedley and it s headquartered in California.M: Then, who is Toastmasters open to? And what kind of

4、members do you have now?【分析】文中主要內(nèi)容都是圍繞Toastmasters這一組織進(jìn)行介紹，包括它所面向的人群、訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容和方法、對受訓(xùn)的個(gè)體能帶來的好處等，這些均屬于對Toastmasters的背景知識的介紹。排版注意：下面幾個(gè)【解題技巧】排版方式，“解題技巧”四個(gè)字排在小菱形格內(nèi)，即類似于下面形式【解題技巧】1. 利用錄音中讀directi on的時(shí)間預(yù)覽題干和選項(xiàng)，注意重復(fù)頻率較高的詞或短語，聽音時(shí), 基本上對主題有個(gè)大概的了解，縮小聽音重點(diǎn)。2. 同時(shí)，聽音時(shí)注意尋聽主題句。由于文體不同，對話或訪談主題句在文中的位置不盡相 同。但多數(shù)聽力原文的主題句位于訪談或?qū)?/p>

5、話的開始或結(jié)尾的總結(jié)句。二、細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題主要針對對話或訪談中的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)提問?？疾閷τ跁捴兴峒暗亩囗?xiàng)具體信息的辨別能力和理解能力。只供學(xué)習(xí)與交流此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除這類命題占到試題比例的80%左右。根據(jù)其具體考查方式的不同，又可以分為兩種情況：1細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查對交談中某個(gè)表達(dá)或者說法的理解或闡釋，或考查對話雙方或被采訪者所做某事的原因、過程、結(jié)果等細(xì)節(jié)的理解。提問方式有：The in terview says thatisWhat said means thatAccording to ，means【例2】(08-4)4. Mary thinks that peopl

6、e dont need to do much travel no wadays as a result ofA less emphasis on pers onal con tact.W: Yeah, but it is, just so, so damaging to the whole area, I think, airports, from my point of view, the whole con cept is out-dated, really.B adva nces in moder n telecom mun icati ons.Um, with moder n tech

7、 no logy, we regoi ng toC recent cha nges in peoples con cepts.D more pote ntial damage to the area.make a lot of travel unn ecessary really.【分析】選B。女士認(rèn)為人們現(xiàn)在根本不需要那么多旅行的原因是現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，隨后 又給出了例證，通過電話和客戶交流就可以免受旅行奔波之苦。因此，答案為B。2.細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題考查對話或訪談中提到三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的事物的辨別能力，即某一細(xì)節(jié)或事實(shí)是否在對 話雙方或被采訪的回答中被提及。問題為排除或者直接提問其中的一個(gè)，既要求對號

8、入座。 此類題型答案一般包含于原文之中。提問中的標(biāo)志性詞語是not, excepto【例3】(09-2 )2. The followi ng are job ben efits by joi ningToastmasters EXCEPTA becoming familiar with various means ofM: Another question is how can Toastmasters help you in job situati ons?W: By beco ming in volved in Toastmasters, youcom muni catio n.will

9、lear n differe nt methods of com muni cat ingB learning how to deliver messages in anwhat you really want to say. And equallyorga ni zed way.important, you will learn what your audienceC beco ming aware of audie nee expectati ons.expects from you so you can deliver thatD lear ning how to get along w

10、ith frien ds.message to them in a logical fashion. Somepeople are comfortable around friends, but when they appear before a group they don know, they get ten se.【分析】文中提到了 Toastmasters能夠幫助學(xué)員學(xué)到不冋的溝通方式，了解聽眾需要并有邏輯性地、有效地將信息傳達(dá)給聽眾 (. you will learn different methods of communicating what your audienee expe

11、cts from you so you can deliver that message to them in a logical fashion.) 由 此可見，只有D未被提到，故為答案?！窘忸}技巧】1 對于細(xì)節(jié)理解題，采用的方法主要就是抓住信號詞和關(guān)鍵詞并對接下來的內(nèi)容做重點(diǎn)筆 記；若題干內(nèi)容為采訪人的明確提問，當(dāng)聽到采訪人提問時(shí)要注意下面的回答并記下重 點(diǎn)。同時(shí)記住正確答案往往是“句意解釋”、“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”和“信息再現(xiàn)”等。2. 對于細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題，把所給的選擇項(xiàng)大體上看一下，然后，根據(jù)選擇項(xiàng)提供的線索，尋聽 文中相應(yīng)的部分，記下重點(diǎn)，與文中內(nèi)容一致的即可肯定，不一致的即可否定。三、推斷題推斷

12、題主要考查考生對對話重要細(xì)節(jié)的引申含義的理解，要求考生在理解原文所直接 陳述的觀點(diǎn)或事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的進(jìn)一步推理，領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意。推斷題是相對較難的一種題型，需要考生對一個(gè)或幾個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)有深層次的理解。常見的 提問方式有：Which of the followi ng stateme nts is CORRECT?According to ,It can be assumed/i nferred from the in terview 【例4】(10-5 )5. Accord ing to the in terview, religiousM: But the point is th

13、at these religions didntdiversitysettle everywhere. They settled mainly inA was most evide nt between 1990 and 2000.California nand major Northeastern andB exists among Muslim immigra nts.C is restricted to certain places in the US.D is spreadi ng to more parts of the coun try.Midwester ncities, suc

14、h as New York,Philadelphia, Chicago and Minn eapolis.【分析】 男士最后談到religious diversity 時(shí)說 these religions didn tsettle everywhere. Theysettled mainly in Californian and major Northeastern and Midwestern cities ，由此可以推斷， 宗教差異主要局限于幾個(gè)城市，C為答案?！窘忸}技巧】1. 聽音前，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)及選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，推測問題可能考查的核心內(nèi)容，確定聽音時(shí)應(yīng)重點(diǎn) 關(guān)注哪些細(xì)節(jié)，以便更好地進(jìn)行推斷。

15、2. 聽音時(shí)，留意那些表明上下文邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，如并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞, 通過這些關(guān)聯(lián)語，抓住重點(diǎn)信息，從面提高推理與判斷的準(zhǔn)確性。3. 此外，因?yàn)閱栴}考查的內(nèi)容一般都與主題相關(guān)。因此，聽音時(shí)重點(diǎn)留意與主題密切相關(guān) 的選項(xiàng)，與主題無關(guān)的選項(xiàng)直接排除。四、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題主要針對會話雙方對所討論的話題所表現(xiàn)的個(gè)人態(tài)度進(jìn)行提問。要求考生根據(jù)對話者說話的語音、語調(diào)、語氣以及談話內(nèi)容，判斷出說話者對某人、某事或某物的態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題在考試中所占比例也不是很大，題干中的標(biāo)志性詞語是attitude towards,選項(xiàng)多為表示觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的形容詞，如：negative, positiv

16、e, ambiguous, neutral, optimistic,pessimistic, in differe nt, critical, disappo in ted, depressed, impartial 等等。【例5】(08-5 ) 5. We learn from the conversation that Freddy M: Yes, you reght. But for a lot of people,isMarys ideas.A stron gly in favour ofB mildly in favour ofpers onal con tact is import

17、a nt. And this means travel, and means quick travel, air travel, And,we just n eed a new airport.C stron gly aga instD mildly aga inst【分析】題干中雖然沒有出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志性詞語attitude towards，但通過選項(xiàng)可知此題是一觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由會話結(jié)尾男士先給予肯定， 隨后But引出相反的觀點(diǎn)可知， 兩人關(guān)于修建新機(jī)場的 觀點(diǎn)是針鋒相對的。末尾男士所說的話we just need a new airport更驗(yàn)證了答案為C。【解題技巧】1.聽音時(shí)，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容記錄表

18、達(dá)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞語，同時(shí)將上下文聯(lián)系起來，正確判斷 作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)。2 聽音過程中注意作者的語氣變化，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)談話者先介紹了某一觀點(diǎn)，卻接著在后面 提出了相反的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)語氣、觀點(diǎn)的變化做了正確判斷。今日練習(xí)In terview1. In what gen eral ways has the role of the America n male cha nged?A They earn more money tha n they used to.B They are less sen sitive today.C They are more active in work.D They take

19、 on more domestic roles.2. Which of the follow ing is NOT a way the role of men has cha nged?A They take an active attitude towards housework.B Most of them thi nk men and wome n should have equal share in rais ing childre n.C Some men take on most of his wife roles.D Some men are rais ing childre n

20、 exclusively.3. What does the man say is the main cause of this cha nge?A Un employme nt.B Job-related stress.C Housework.D Freque ncy of divorces.4. According to the man, how do most fathers feel about their taking on women role?A Most of them are willi ng to do this.B Most of them feel relucta nt

21、to take on those jobs.C Most of them do not want to ope nly express their love.D Most of them like those jobs.5. Which of the following is a problem caused by the changing role of men?A A household brings in less mon ey.B Wome n spe nd less time with their childre n.C Childre n are not well take n c

22、are of at home.D Men have less leisure time.Con versati on1. How many species could become exti net with in a few years?A 210.B 110.C 200.D 105.2. The buffalo were killed mai nlyA for their meat.B because of their large nu mber.C for ecological bala nee.D for fun.3. Which of the followi ng is INCORR

23、ECT about passe nger pigeo ns?A Their nu mber was once in credible.B This kind of bird is big and heavy.C Large nu mber of them was killed mai nly for meat.D They were sold in big cities.4. What is the focus the man wants to talk about?A Causes of ani mai ext inction.B The protection of animals from

24、 being killed.C Ways of banning illegal trade in ivory.D Ways of keep ing ecological bala nee.5. What is the first reas on that ani mals should be protected?A Ani mals bring in econo mic in come.B Ani mals have as much right to live as huma ns.C An imals provide meat.D Animals keep nature in balanee

25、.答疑解惑In terview【聽前預(yù)測】 瀏覽各題的題干和選項(xiàng)，由關(guān)鍵詞role，American male，changed，way，cause,feel about，problem可以推測，該篇對話與美國男性角色的改變有關(guān)，其中涉及改變的方式，改變的原因，男性自身的態(tài)度，以及由此產(chǎn)生的問題等?！韭犃υ摹縒: For today show, I like to in troduce our guest Mr. James on a sociologist who has just completed extensive research on the changing role of me

26、n in America today. Good after noon, Mr. James on, and tha nk you for joining us.M: Thank you, it nice to be here.W: Can you give us an overall picture of how the uh role of the America n man has cha nged? M: Well, that a big question but I say the role has changed in many ways uh you can see it in

27、movies and in television in many ways that men are more willing to show their feelings now than they used to. For example, one of the most popular popular movies Kramer v.s. Kramer showed men in a totally differe nt role tha n you no rmally see it showed a man who was sensitive, who learned how to t

28、ake care of his child uh, men it seems that 1.Dme n are no Ion ger satisfied with merely bringing home the money for the family, but they want to take an active role in raisi ng the family | uh in other words we don have the strong silent types as much anymore 1.Dnow the father is an active particip

29、ant in the family.W: Could you be more specific and tell us some of the ways the role of the father has cha nged?M: Well uh it cha nged in several ways. 2.A One is in the attitude in one in what they actually do uh let s give an example with housework more than 50% of men who were asked in several q

30、uestionnaires said that they were willing to share in the housework with their wives that means that they were willing to help uh with the dishes the they were willing to help clean the kitchen and and do other roles that had uh been associated with women and in fact 2.B80% of men who have been surv

31、eyedhave saidthat they think that men as well as women should have equal share in the raising of the childre n.W: Now you said there was also a change in what men actually do.M: Yes not only do men agree that they should take a more active role in the family but they are putting their beliefs in act

32、ion. In fact, many men have actually taken over raising children.W: Well what has caused this change?M: Well thats a very good questionthere are several causes3.BI think one of the biggest causes is economic uh the fact that many women have entered the job market has forced men to take on roles that

33、 they didn have before uhyou used to have the woman in the house uhdoing all the housework and the man who was doing all the bringing in all the money but now that the number of working women has tripled since uh World War II. 3.BNow whe n you have these wome n work ing you can expect them to come b

34、ack after a long after a day work. Ano ther reas on is that divorces have become so com mon now this is of course this is an unfortunate uh phenomenon, but the fact that there are so many divorces makes it n ecessary for some of the men to uh raise the childre n without a womans help and therefore i

35、f the woman is not around the man has to take care of these tasksin fact uh2.Dthere are approximately one million children in the US being raised exclusively by fathers now with this large number of mothers uh working and the large number of men taking care of the house alone they have no choice but

36、 to take on some of what have traditi on ally bee n wome n s roles.W: And how do the fathers feel about this?M: Well uh 4.Amost of the fathers who do share in these roles are quite positive about this. They feel it helps them get to know their children better so the fathers now are closer to their c

37、hildren they try to play with the children more and this helps them understand their children also they feel there s much more love expressed if they re always around able to help around in the family they have time to express their love.W: And how do the children feel?M: Well. uh many studies have

38、shown that children who play with their uhfathers and who are around them a lot are able to withstand stress better uh and are able to adapt to outsiders better. In other words uhstrangers don scare them andin fact studies have show n that they can even lear n more easily.W: That very in terest ing

39、but aren there any problems with the cha nging role of men? M: Well, there are some problems one is that men can take over in the home uni ess their working world is made a little more flexible many companies right now do not want to give vacations or leaves to working men who want to stay home and

40、take care of their families the men feel they must give other excuses they say that they re going to write a book or someth ing they can say that they re leavi ng to take care of their childre n in other wordsthe attitude of men in general has not changed to the point where it easy to leave and ente

41、r the work world for families another reason is that 5.Aif men stay at home with their children they cannot earn money outside so the household as a whole brings in less mon ey.W: Well tha nk you very much, Mr. James on, that was very in teresti ng and now for a message from our spon sor.【答案解析】排版注意本

42、周中此部分的【答案解析】中的題號加選X均加色。1. 選D。細(xì)節(jié)題。錄音中男士說美國男性的角色在很多方面發(fā)生了改變，男性比以前更愿意表達(dá)他們的感情，他們不再僅僅滿足于往家掙錢，而是要在家庭中承擔(dān)一個(gè)積極的角色，父親逐漸成為家庭中活躍的一員，可見美國男性承擔(dān)了更多家庭的角色，因此答案為D。其中domestic家庭的是對文中family的同義替換。2. 選C。細(xì)節(jié)題。女士問男性角色改變的具體方式時(shí)，男士提到一個(gè)是態(tài)度上的，說調(diào)查中一半多的男性表示愿意與妻子分擔(dān)家務(wù)，80%還說男女在撫養(yǎng)孩子方面應(yīng)該有相同的責(zé)任，后面男士還提到現(xiàn)在大約有一百萬的孩子完全由父親撫養(yǎng)，因此A、B、D均正確，C在文中未提及，

43、故為答案。3. 選B。推斷題。錄音中男士說男性角色改變的最大原因之一是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的，職業(yè)女性的出 現(xiàn)迫使他們承擔(dān)過去沒有的角色。隨著女性進(jìn)入工作市場，不可能再讓她們工作了一天之后再回家做家務(wù)，因此男性必須負(fù)擔(dān)一部分。由此推斷，主要原因應(yīng)是B工作壓力”。 A、C明顯錯(cuò)誤，D不是主要原因。4. 選A。細(xì)節(jié)題。錄音中女士問父親們對這種轉(zhuǎn)變有何感想，男士回答說他們對此相當(dāng)積 極，因此答案為A。其中willing是對文中positive的同義替換。5. 選A。細(xì)節(jié)題。文中男士說，角色的改變也導(dǎo)致許多問題。其中之一是男性只有在工作較靈活時(shí)才能承擔(dān)家務(wù)，而且許多公司現(xiàn)在不準(zhǔn)男士請假回家照顧家人，因此他們不得 不

44、另找借口。另一個(gè)問題是如果男性在家待著就沒法在外面掙錢，這樣整個(gè)家庭的收入 就減少了。因此選項(xiàng)中只有A正確。Con versati on【聽前預(yù)測】 瀏覽各題的題干和選項(xiàng)， 由關(guān)鍵詞species, extinct, buffalo , passenger pigeons, protected可以推測，該篇對話與瀕危物種有關(guān)，其中列舉到水牛和候鴿的例子， 還提及瀕危 物種應(yīng)該被保護(hù)的原因等?！韭犃υ摹縒: What exactly is an endan gered species?M: Well, an endan gered species is an ani mal that is i

45、n dan ger of beco ming ext inct.W: How many species are in dan ger?M: 1.AThere are about two hun dred and ten species that we feel could become ext inct within a few years if certa in steps are not take n.W: What kind of steps do you mean?M: Let me give you an example with a somewhat happy ending. R

46、ight here in the US, huge buffalo weighing between one thousand and two thousand pounds each roamed the plains. 2.BThere were probably about twenty millio n buffalo in the US in 1850, but they were so big and nu merous that they stopped trains whe n hey crossed the tracks. The railroad compa nies ha

47、d them killed by the thousands. By 1889, there were only five hundred and fifty-one buffalo alive in the whole United States.W: Why did you say that there was a happy ending? That doesn sound so happy to me.M: Well, the US gover nment started to protect buffalo, and there are now more tha n te n tho

48、usa nd alive in the US. That what I mea n by a happy ending. They almost became ext inct.W: What about a sad ending? Could you give us an example?M: Sure. The most famous example is probably the passenger pigeon, 3.Awhich was so numerous that we have a hard time even imagining it. In 1808 an expert

49、on birds named Alexa nder Wils on saw a large flock which he estimated contained more tha n two billi on, two hun dred and thirty milli on birds. In 1813, the famous Joh n Audob on watched a flock that took three whole days to fly overhead. The flock was so thick that it actually blocked the sun, an

50、d the wings soun ded like thun der.W: That sin credible. But if there were so many of these birds, how did they become ext inct?M: Well, men would knock them out of trees with poles or cut dow n their n est ing places, kill them on the gro und, or eve n choke them with bur ning sulfur.W: But why did

51、 they want to do that?M: 3.CFor meat mostly, hunters killed the pigeons and sent them by the millions to big cities. 3.DThey sold for one or two cents each in New York and Chicago. Other people just killed the birds for fun. But today that not the only reason animals are killed. Today animals are ki

52、lled mainly for their skins or for their teeth. Let take the USfor example about twelve million hides from wild animals are shipped to the US each year. In addition, one hundred and thirty million animal products from wild animals are imported each year. But that not the main problem. We cannot tell

53、 if an animal was killed illegally or not. It not our problem really.W: What is the real problem?M: 4.BThe real problem is how to preve nt the ani mals from being killed in the first place. Ken ya, for example, has spent millions trying to protectthe elephant, but it difficult to protect anani mal t

54、hat carry ing thirtee n hun dred dollars worth of ivory on its head. In additi on, farmers in Kenya say that elepha nts ruin their crops. But endan gered species should be protected fro two reasons. 5.BThe first is a moral one. Elephants have just as much a right to live as huma ns do.W: And what ab

55、out the other reason? What that?M: The second is economic. Elephants, for example, bring a lot of tourists, and therefore money, into Ken ya. In dia is an even better example. In dia has bee n export ing sn akes and sn ake skins for years. As we all know, snakes are the main predators of mice and ra

56、ts. Now that their main en emy, the sn ake, is being killed for its skin, the populati on of mice and rats has exploded. In fact, mice and rats eat 20% of India food. So you see, we have not only a moral but an econo mic reas on to protect endan gered species.【答案解析】1. 選A。細(xì)節(jié)題。本題為數(shù)字題，聽音時(shí)注意作相關(guān)筆記。錄音中男士提到，他們感覺如果不采取一定措施的話，大約210種物種可能會在幾年內(nèi)滅絕，因此答案為A。2. 選B。細(xì)節(jié)題。聽音時(shí)注意捕捉野牛被殺的原因。錄音中男士說，在1850年美國平原上大約有兩千萬野牛，但是它們太大，數(shù)量太多，以至于穿過軌道時(shí)會堵住火車，于是鐵路公司殺死了數(shù)千只野牛?？梢娝鼈儽粴⒅饕且?yàn)閿?shù)量太多，答案為B。3. 選B。細(xì)節(jié)題。錄音中男士提到候鴿的數(shù)量曾經(jīng)多的讓人無法想象，因此A正確。后面又提到，候鴿之所以瀕臨滅絕是因?yàn)樯习偃f地被殺害，主