Sentence-Stress--語(yǔ)句重音

1、Sentence Stress 語(yǔ)句重音（一）語(yǔ)句重音指的是人們?cè)诶首x連貫的語(yǔ)句時(shí)哪些詞要重讀哪些詞不重讀的規(guī) 則。下面介紹的是有關(guān)語(yǔ)句重音的最一般的但卻是最重要的規(guī)則：（一）在連貫的語(yǔ)句中需要重讀的詞有：名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞. 副詞、某些代詞（指示代詞等）、疑問(wèn)詞、嘆詞等。這條規(guī)則可以用四個(gè)詞來(lái)總 結(jié)：實(shí)詞重讀。1）名詞一般惜況下名詞在句中應(yīng)重讀。例如：An elephant is an animal,（大象是一種動(dòng)物）2）形容詞一般都有語(yǔ)句重音。如：Her shirt is blue and white.（她的裙子是藍(lán)、口色）3）數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，兩者在句中毓 重讀。例如：J

2、ohn is nine.（約翰 9 歲）My second brother is a doctor.（我的 二哥是個(gè)醫(yī)生）4）實(shí)義麗攵義動(dòng)詞有完整施瓦能在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般都有 語(yǔ)句重音。例如:Mary loves her dolls.（瑪麗愛她的洋娃娃）She sings well.（她 很會(huì)唱歌）5）副詞大都在句中要重讀。如：speaks English slowly and carefully.（他說(shuō)起英語(yǔ)來(lái)乂慢乂小心）（6）代詞指具有語(yǔ)句重音的代詞，如 指示代詞：this, that, these, those 返身代詞：myself, yourself, himself 如：He hi

3、mself hurt his own feet.（是他自己傷著了自己的腳）不定代詞： some, every, all, both, none, ot her, many, few, somebody, some thing 等 等。如：Everybody was late.（每個(gè)人都遲到了）We are many, they are few.（我 們?nèi)硕?，他們?nèi)松?。）Some are red, some are blue.（有一些是紅色的，有些 是藍(lán)色的）疑問(wèn)代詞：who, whom, whose, what, which 等。如：Who is that? （那是誰(shuí)?）Whose bag c

4、an it be?（這能是誰(shuí)的包呢?）What would you like to eat?（你想吃點(diǎn)什么?） Which is your sister?（哪位是你的姐妹?） 7）嘆詞 嘆詞 在句中一般都要重讀。例如，Oh, it* s snowing!（啊，在下雪。）Hey, that* s a nice shot!（嗨，那是個(gè)好球!） My, what a downpour!（哎呀，好大的雨啊!）Dear me!（表示驚訝：哎呀?。┱Z(yǔ)句重音（二）（二）在連貫的語(yǔ)句中不重讀的詞有：1）冠詞 冠詞有兩種：&（或an）the,兩者在句中一般都不重讀。2）代詞指沒(méi)有語(yǔ)句重音的代詞。如：人稱代詞I,

5、 me, you, he, him, she, her等。物主代詞my, your, his, her, its, or, their3）動(dòng)詞 指非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 如：助動(dòng)詞be （am, is, are, were, was）, shall （should）, will （would） have （has, had）, do （does, did）情 態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can （could）, may（might）, must, have to （has to, had to）, shall （should）, will （would）, ought to, dare, need, used to 等。這些

6、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)句中一 般沒(méi)有重音。4）連詞 一般在句中不重讀的連詞有等立連詞，如：and, or, for, but； 比較連詞，如：as, than 從屬連詞，如：（if, when, while, since, now that, as if （though 等。5）介詞 介詞（尤其是單音節(jié)介詞）如出現(xiàn)在句子中間時(shí)一般不重讀。常 見的單音節(jié)介詞有：at, by, for, from, of, to, into等。頁(yè)腳.CONTENT WORDSFUNCTION WORDS electron, lens, radius, species, strata expel, irrigate, mai

7、ntain, revolve, transact crucial, feasible, legal, obsolete, valid annually, arbitrarily, optionally, pragmatically, theoretically mine, yours, his, hers, theirs this, that, these, those; e.g. This looks interesting who, what, when, where not, cant, isnt the, a, an be, have, do I, you, s/he, we, the

8、y this, that, these, those; e.g. I like this university. in, on, over, near, to and. because, yet, so上面講解的只是語(yǔ)句重音的一般規(guī)則，但語(yǔ)句重音并不是一成不變的語(yǔ)音現(xiàn) 象。根據(jù)說(shuō)話時(shí)的不同心態(tài)、不同的著重點(diǎn)、不同的強(qiáng)調(diào)容、不同的語(yǔ)氣等可以 使原來(lái)在句中應(yīng)重讀的詞失去重音，而原來(lái)不重讀的詞卻乂成了重讀的詞。這些 較為特殊、復(fù)雜的規(guī)則就無(wú)法在語(yǔ)音小常識(shí)中做詳細(xì)的講解，只能留到以后的學(xué) 習(xí)階段再來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)、探討了。Sentence StressSince speech is made up of wor

9、ds strung together, we must also look at these words in groups, in phrases or in sentences in order to observe what happens to the stress pattern In natural connected speech, for various reasons, some words are stressed, others are not. The stress in a sentence is called sentence stress （句重音）. Sente

10、nce stress can be classified into three types: sense stress （表意重音）,logical stress （邏輯重音）and emotional stress （感情重音）.I. Sense stressSense stress is a very common phenomenon in connected speech The distribution of such stresses is subject to the meaning that the speaker wishes to convey In normal spee

11、ch we put stress on words semantically important. Such words are called content or lexical words （實(shí)i司），such as nouns, adjectives, adverbs, notional verbs, numerals, inteijections, demonstrative, interrogative pronouns and the absolute form of the possessive pronouns; the unimportant ones are called

12、form or structural words （虛詞或結(jié)構(gòu)i司）,which are used to join together the words that carry meaning In unemphatic speech, such words are usually unstressed They are articles, monosyllabic prepositions, monosyllabic conjunctions, personal pronouns, possessive頁(yè)腳. pronouns, reciprocal pronouns, reflexives

13、and relative pronouns, auxiliaiy and modal verbs and verb to BE.Examples for words with sentence stress:1. NounsJohn is a teacher from American2. AdjectivesWhat a eautifiil sight!3. AdverbsFve Seldom rmet him recently.4. Notional verbsTliey would fdie rather than yield.5. NumeralsTwo plus allies Equ

14、als fiveHis ad dress is forty-six Linden Street6. InteijectionsOh, its vwonderful!7. Demonstrative pronounsThis is our college.8. Interrogative pronouns*Wlio was that on the phone?9. The absolute form of possessive pronounsThis book is niine.And yours is over thereExamples for words with no sentence

15、 stress:1. ArticlesHe is a teacher of Eng丘shTliis is the book I want2. Monosyllabic prepositionsHe was sur Fprised at her attitude3. Monosyllabic conjunctionsJohn, rHeiuy and Robert all went but Teter didnt.4. Personal, possessive, reciprocal, reflexive and relative pronounsHe taught us English頁(yè)腳.Hi

16、s brother is my best friendLets leani from each other.Tliey rhelp one another ill their、workShe thought herself better than Anyone else.Do you know the rman who is sitting there?5. Auxiliary and modal verbsTh己y have been ill the rcountiyside recently.You may go now.6. Link-verb to BEHe is a good con

17、uadeSpecial cases with no stress on content words:1 A content word which appears for the second time in a sentence or in a short context is not stressed:How many times have you been there?Tluee times.He thinks of that as a child thinks.2. If a noun is preceded by another qualifying noun, the second

18、one is often unstressed And these two nouns are often connected by the sense, actually they may be considered as compound words, e.gThat is our classroom building.I met her at the railway station.3 To avoid repetition we often use substitute words. These substitute words usually have no sentence str

19、ess:Which dictionary do you want?Tliat small one.*Will he come tomorrow?Yes, I think so.4. When demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those indicate very weak demonstrativeness and are only the equivalent to the word HitH or the definite article thy they are distressed:I can easily do this.It is

20、 lecessaiy to take these pre cautions.5. In phrases this morning, this afternoon, etc., the demonstrative pronoun this is頁(yè)腳.not stressed:Wc are rived this moniing.6. In exclamatory sentences such words as what, how are usually unstressed:What a liomble day!How thoughtful she is!7. The word nstreetM

21、never bears sentence stress in street names: Oxford Stieet High StieetSpecial cases with stress on form words:1. Auxiliaries, modals and link-verb to BE bear sentence stress in the following cases:a. When they are in the in the initial position of a sentence, they are stressed:Do you like it?Can I 4

22、ielp you?Aiv you a r freshman?b When they are in the final position, used as short answers to general questions, they are stressed:Do you like it?一Yes, I do.Can you finish in time?Yes, I、can.*Aie you a r freshman?Yes, I amc. If they are in contracted negative forms, they are stressed:It ,doesn,t、mat

23、ter.He isnt a doctor.I cant ac crept it.2. Modal verbs may, can, must, ought to are usually stressed in the following cases:a. When may expresses the meaning, of possibility, it bears sentence stress:Tliey may *come this 、eveningb. When can expresses the meaning of astonishment, it bears sentence st

24、ress: Can it be five al ready?頁(yè)腳.c. When must, ought to express the meaning of strong certainty and expectation, they are stressed:He must be in the ioom.You ought to have been thuw.3. Prepositions may be stressed when they are at the beginning of a sentence and followed by an unstressed syllable:*I

25、n the box he 1 found a letter.4 Subordinate conjunctions are usually stressed when they are at the beginning of a sentence and followed by an unstressed word:If you，wish, Ill help you.When he zcomes, Pll tell him a bout it.5. Reflexive pronouns in emphatic use are usually stressed:He Wouldnt ome him

26、 self.II Logical StressApart from sense stress there is another kind of stress which is called logical stress The distribution of such stresses is subject to the speakers will. The speaker may put stress on any word he wishes to emphasize So a word logically stressed may stand at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a sentence and it usually implies some ide