初中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié)(20210516162051)

1、專項(xiàng)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 一 考點(diǎn) ： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法和辨析， 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)和可能， 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo) 的一般疑問(wèn)句的回答。 二 類型 ： 1 只是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： can, could, may, might, must 2 可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞： need, dare 3 可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可做助動(dòng)詞： will, would, shall, should 4 特殊： have to, ought to, used to 三 特征 ：1 有一定的詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須與行為動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞連用 構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 2 無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化。 （have to 除外） Eg: He has to stay her

2、e. 3 后接動(dòng)詞原形。 4 具有助動(dòng)詞作用，可構(gòu)成否定，疑問(wèn)或簡(jiǎn)短回答。 四 用法 ： 1. can 表示能力， “能，會(huì) ”。 Eg : Can you play basketball? 表示懷疑，猜測(cè)，常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。 Eg :Li hua can beint the classroom. 表示請(qǐng)求，允許，多用于口語(yǔ)，譯 “可以 ”=may. Eg: you can go now. can開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，肯定句，否定句用can或can t. 2. could can的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去的能力。 Eg :I could swim when I was seven years old. c

3、ould開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，肯定和否定回答用 could, could nt如果could 表示現(xiàn)在的委婉，用 can 回答。 Eg: Could I have a drink? Yes, you can. 3. may 表示推測(cè)， “可能，也許 ”，用于肯定句。 Eg: He may come tomorrow. 表示請(qǐng)求， “許可,可以”。 Eg: May I borrow your book? 注：表示請(qǐng)求，許可時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第一人稱的一般疑問(wèn)句，否定回 答用mustn不可以，禁止，不許”不用may not可能不”。 表示祝愿。 Eg :May you success. 4. might 表示 “

4、可以 ”，用于過(guò)去時(shí)中。 Eg: He told me I might smoke in the room. 用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話更委婉，禮貌。 Eg:He might be doing his lessons now. 5. must 表示 “必須，應(yīng)該 ”。 表示推測(cè)，常用在肯定句中，表一定”。 Eg:There is someone knocking at the door.It must be Jim. 否定句中， mustnt 表示禁止，“不允許”。 以must開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，肯定句回答用must,否定回答用neednt,表示 “不需要，不必” =“donthave to” . 表示“

5、偏偏”。 Eg: Must you play the piano at this time. 6. need情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：+do,用need提問(wèn)或回答，肯定句回答用 must，否定句回答 用 neednt. Eg: You needntcome to school so early. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞： +to do ,用助動(dòng)詞提問(wèn)和否定。 +do ing表示被動(dòng)。 neednthave done表示沒(méi)必要做某事但是做了。 Eg: I actually neednt have bought so much wine. 7. dare情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，多用于疑問(wèn)句，否定句，條件句中。 Eg: I m afraid

6、you dare not to do such a thing. 注： I dare say 習(xí)慣說(shuō)成“也許，我想” 。 Eg: It will rain this afternoon, I dare say. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞： dare to do ,用于肯定句中， 當(dāng)用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)， to 可 以省略。 Eg: This student doesnt dare to raise any question in class. 8. shall用于第一人稱表示征求意見(jiàn)，詢問(wèn)。 Eg: Shall I open the window? Shall we have lunch here? 表示說(shuō)話

7、人的態(tài)度， “命令，警告，允諾，威脅” 。 Eg: You shall finish your homework first. 用于第三人稱， 在條約， 規(guī)定，法令等文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定， “應(yīng) 該，必須”。（不常用） 9. should 表示義務(wù)，責(zé)任“應(yīng)該”。Eg:We should obey traffic laws. 作為 shall 過(guò)去式，用于第一三人稱，表示征求意見(jiàn)。 Eg:Mr lee asked if he should get his visa. 表示“竟然”。 Eg: Itsunthinkable that the boy should sing such a beaut

8、iful song. 表示說(shuō)話人的特殊情感，如驚奇，憤怒，失望等。 Eg: How should I know? 表示勸告，建議，“應(yīng)該”。 Eg: You should listen to your teacher. 10. will 用于第二人稱表示詢問(wèn)， 請(qǐng)求，也可以表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的 “意愿”。 Eg: Will you pass me the book? 表示意愿，決定，允諾，用于各種人稱。 Eg: I will try my best to help you. 表示規(guī)律性的“注定會(huì)” 。 Eg: People will die without air or water. 11. would

9、 表示過(guò)去的意愿或委婉詢問(wèn)。 Eg: Would you tell me the way to the station? 12. have to “必須，不得不” ，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，含有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。 Eg: I llhave to ask Jim instead. 區(qū)別： must 表示“必須，應(yīng)該“，主觀看法。 13.ought to 表示職責(zé)， 義務(wù)或要求， 及人們應(yīng)該去做的正確的事或好事。 Eg: Humans ought to stop polluting nature. 比 should 語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)， ought to 反映客觀情況， should 表示主觀看 法。 ought to ha

10、ve done本應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)有做。 Eg: You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier. 14. used to表示“過(guò)去常常，過(guò)去是“，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以和過(guò)去的 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。否定形式： usednt to 或 didnt use to ,疑問(wèn)詞將 use提前或 Diduse to? Eg: He didntuse to be so careless. 區(qū)別 would :帶有主觀性，并且現(xiàn)在做不做不知道。 Used to :客觀 性，和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行對(duì)比，過(guò)去常常，現(xiàn)在就不怎么做了。 Eg: He would p

11、hone me on Sunday. Eg: I used to be very fond of music when I was young. 區(qū)別： be used to doing (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)習(xí)慣于 Used to do (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)過(guò)去是，過(guò)去常常 Be used to do (過(guò)去式 ) 被用來(lái)做 Eg: I am already used to noisy city life here. My parents used to live in South America. This machine is used to cut up waste paper. 15. 其他： had

12、 better do 最好做某事 Eg: You had better stay at home. 否定： had better not do be able to 與 can 表示能力時(shí)用法相同，但前者有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，有 能力成功做某事。 Eg: We will be able to come back next week. 專題練習(xí) ： 1( ) 1 John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to D. must ( ) 2 They _ do well in the exam.

13、 A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to ( ) 3 -May I take this book out? -No, you_. A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent ( ) 4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever. A. can B. must C. dare D. would ( ) 5 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I. A. mustnt B. cant

14、C. neednt D. may not 2( ) 1 -Hebe in the classroom, I thi nk. -No, hebe in the classroom. I saw him go home a min ute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may mustn t ()2 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? -Tha nks, but you, Ive had eno ugh. A. may not B. must not C. cant D. n

15、 eed n t ()3 Eve n the top stude nts in our class cant work out this problem, so it be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. n eed ()4 He isnt at school. I thi nk hebe ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to ()5I take this one? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do 3( ) 1 The childrenplay football on the ro

16、ad. A. cant B. can C. must nt D. must ()2 Yoube late for school aga in n ext time. A. must nt B. n eed nt C. dont have to D. dont n eed to ()3 -Must I do my homework at on ce? -No, you. A. n eed nt B. must nt C. cant D. may not 4( ) 1 His arm is all right. Hego and see the doctor. A. has not to B. d

17、ont have to C. have nt to D. does nt have to ()2 He had to give up the pla n,he? A. did B. did nt C. does D. does nt ()3 They had to walk here,they? A. must nt B. did C. did nt D. had nt 5( ) 1 He had better stay here,he? A. did nt B. dont C. had nt D. is nt ()2 Youd betterlate next time. A. not to

18、be B. not be C. wo nt be D. dont be ()3 Youd betteryour haironce a mon th. A. had; cut B. had; cutted C. have; cut D. have; cutted ()4 Youask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way. A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not 6( ) 1 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday? A. Here you are B. Sorry, I cant C. Yes, please D. Let me try ()2 -Why dont you ask Mike to go with us? -Thanks,. A. I will B. I wont C. lean D. I may ()3 -I take the n ewspaper away? -No, y