說明文寫作指導Samples

1、Sample 1 (156)No Alcoholic Beverages on CampusAlcoholic beverages should be banned from campuses for two reasons. The first reason is that drinking can cause academic failure. If students drink before class or have hangover from drinking too much the night before, they will be unable to concentrate

2、on their school work. They may miss classes, fail exams and miss term-paper deadlines. This behavior could force them to drop out of school. For example, last semester, my friend Dan, who liked to party every night, dropped out of school. He failed organic chemistry twice and barely passed other cla

3、sses. Therefore, his parents refuses to pay for his education any longer. Out of 90 cases reported, 65 percent dropped out because they had failing grades due to excessive drinking. Therefore, it is true that drinking can interfere with college success.這篇文章通過舉例和數(shù)字統(tǒng)計， 較充分地說明了校園內應禁酒的原因。24Samples：Sampl

4、e 2 (P119) （專四）People have different views on the environment pollution. What is your view on it ?My view on Environment PollutionIts well known that the world we live in is getting worse and worse because of the increasing environmental destruction. For example, many people are cutting down trees f

5、or fuel or sale, but deforestation results in the increase of global temperature and unpleasant change of climate. Besides, human beings are being bothered by water pollution, air pollution and noise pollution.Governments of most countries have taken some measures to stop the environment from being

6、further damaged. Many people are trying hard to find ways to prevent the pollution from going on. Laws concerning environmental protection have been put into effect and situation in many regions have improved.However, the problem of environmental protection is far from being solved completely. On th

7、e one hand, environmental pollution and destruction are getting worse with the rapid development of science and technology. On the other hand, many people have realized the urgency of solving the problem. In brief, we have a long way to go before we can make the earth a better peace to live in.本文所用方

8、法以及關聯(lián)詞：1. 舉例法：for example, for instance2. 比較和對比法: On the one hand, On the other hand, however,3. 表示進一步說明或強調的關聯(lián)詞：Besides, furthermore, in addition, what is more, in particular4. 表示總結或文章結尾常用的關聯(lián)詞：In brief, in summary, thus, on the whole, to conclude, in conclusion; to summarizeAdvantages overweigh disa

9、dvantages in the following three aspects:Sample 3: (P153) （專四）Generation gap is a common social problem everywhere. What do you think about it and what is your suggestion for it?On Generation GapGeneration gap refers to the lack of understanding between generations caused by their different attitude

10、s and experiences. It is a common phenomenon that exists everywhere and has a great influence on the relationship between generations .People of different generations are likely to have different views and responses on the same issues. Owing to different experiences, the young and the old have much

11、to disagree on. Young people on average favor changes and new ideas, while old people are usually conservative, sticking to traditional principles and old ideas, and looking down on young peoples innovative behaviors and radical ideas. This often causes obstacles between them. They have great diffic

12、ulty in reaching an agreement while arguing on something. This often occurs in most families. Different opinions between parents and children usually end in quarreling.Generation gap may result in some negative influence unless we deal with it properly. The young and the old should find more that th

13、ey can share, and they should understand each other rather than condemning the weak points. Thus the gap may become narrower and have little effect on their work and relation between generations.文章首先給出代溝的定義， 然后說明代溝的具體表現(xiàn)， 最后提出對代溝的態(tài)度。1. 定義法： 文章第一句用定義法引出話題， 說明代溝的概念， 即回答 What is generation gap?讓讀者首先了解代溝

14、的概念。2. 對比法： 采用對比方式說明不同代人的分歧。對比法是很有效的說明方式。本文涉及經歷對比，愛好對比， 觀念對比常用的關聯(lián)詞：whereas, while, however, rather than, on the other hand 等。 Sample 4: 四六級優(yōu)秀作文點評 （P247）Campus ActivitiesCampus activities have been organized in many universities and colleges. These activities range from academic to recreational, such

15、 as academic reports, social consulting services, speech contests, poets club, painting clubs, singing and dancing groups, etc.These activities provide students with two major advantages. First of all, they play a positive role in improving students studies. Due to their heavy schedules, students ar

16、e often busy themselves with textbooks and seldom expose themselves to a colorful life. But the variety of the activities provide opportunities for them to relax themselves and enrich their minds and knowledge. In addition, the activities also serve as a bridge linking students to society. Ordinaril

17、y, college students living in the “ivory tower” have little chances to get in touch with society. Now the activities open the door for participants to leave their classrooms and get to know society.All this offers an important means for students to broaden their horizons. They believe with the right

18、 kind of guidance and helpful campus activities will continue to grow and flourish.Framework of the writing:I. Introduction: TS: Campus activities have been organized in many universities and colleges. (組織校園活動)DS: These activities range from etc.（舉例說明活動內容）II. Body:TS: These activities provide studen

19、ts with two major advantages. ( 校園活動給學生帶來益處)DS: 1. First of all knowledge. （用關聯(lián)詞說明益處之一） 2. In addition know society. （用關聯(lián)詞說明益處之二）III. ConclusionTS: All this offers an important means for students to broaden their horizons. （開闊視野）DS: They believe with the right kind of guidance and helpful campus act

20、ivities will continue to grow and flourish.（首尾句：堅信未來）Sample 5: 四六級優(yōu)秀作文點評 （P259）Losing WeightThere are many people in this world who want to gain weight and there are even more people who want to lose weight. The latter greatly outnumber the former, especially in the developed countries and some of t

21、he developing countries like China.Why do people want to lose weight? The reasons vary. For some people, they feel they are already overweight. They are simply setting things right. Some other people, for instance, young ladies, they are not really getting rid of extra fat, but rather, trying to be

22、thinner and thinner. For them, the thinner the better. They take thinness as a symbol of beauty. The last group includes those who suffer from one kind or another of illness related to overweight.They adopted various methods of losing weight. Some prefer exercising, namely, physical training. Others

23、 like to go on diet. And still others, they depend on certain medicine or special food and beverage. In a word, people like to keep fit both physically and psychologically.Framework of the writing:1. Introduction:（減肥的人數(shù)眾多）There are many people in this world who want to gain weight and there are even

24、 more people who want to lose weight. The latter greatly outnumber the former. 2. Body:（減肥的原因）TS: Why do people want to lose weight? (用設問句引出原因)DS: 1. For some people things right. （原因1） 2. Some other people of beauty. （原因2） 3. The last group to overweight. （原因3）III. Conclusion.（采取的方法）TS. They adopt

25、losing weight. （采取多種方法）DS:1. Some preferphysical training. （體育鍛煉）2. Others like go on a diet. （節(jié)食）3. And still others beverage. （依賴藥物）4. In a wordboth physically and psychologically. （段落總結）Practice 1 :Economic Development And Environmental ProtectionFramework:I: Introduction: TS: Some people think t

26、hat the urgent task is to develop economy on a large scale. DS: (1)(2)(3) (reasons: supporting details)II: Body:TS: On the other hand, many people insist that environmental protection is a top priority.DS: (1)(2)(3) (reasons: supporting details)III: Conclusion:TS: In my opinion, DS: (1)(2)(3) (4)(5)

27、 (detailed suggestion)Sample 6: 四六級優(yōu)秀作文點評 （P264）Telecommunication Brings Convenience to Modern LifeModern life would be unimaginable without telecommunications. Telephone, fax, and TV are already household words. New terms like mobile phone and E-mail are entering our daily life at a rapid pace. Tel

28、ecommunications have penetrated nearly every aspect of modern life and are fast changing the way we live.It is no exaggeration to say that telecommunications bring huge profits and great convenience to our daily life. For example, the telephone makes it possible for people in different places to tal

29、k to one another. Mobiles phone enables us to make a phone call regardless of time and place. Compared with ordinary mail delivery, or even with express airmail delivery, electronic mail delivers mails much faster and at a surprisingly cheap price, no matter where the receiver is. Surfing the intern

30、et is also a by-product of telecommunication, which provides us with easy access to a wealth of information. Furthermore, thanks to the rapid growth of telecommunications, business corporations can manage business affairs far more efficiently through phone, fax, an on-line computer.However, there ar

31、e disadvantages brought about by telecommunications, such as phone bills for unnecessary talks, the disturbance of unwanted or wrong calls, and the attraction of hot-line services, etc. Yet by and large, telecommunications bring more benefits than harm to our life. By shortening distance, telecommun

32、ications enhance efficiency in our commercial activities, save time and money in promoting interpersonal relations as well as in acquiring knowledge and accumulating information. Telecommunications have changed and will change our way of life.Framework of the EssayI. IntroductionDS: 1. Modern lifete

33、lecommunications.（電信在現(xiàn)代生活中的重要性） 2. Telephonerapid pace.（列舉電信產品）TS: Telecommunications have penetrated nearly every aspect of modern life and are fast changing the way we live. （進一步闡述段落主題）II. TS: It is no exaggeration to say that telecommunications bring huge profits and great convenience to our daily