Unit13Translationofdifferenttexts不同文本的翻譯

1、Unit 13 Translation of different texts (II)I. Bills &Notices (公共告示 )Characteristics: posted in public aiming at catching attention,includinglabels, bulletins, notices, warnings, shop front signs, etc.short,concise, brief,simplifiedstructureHow to translate?“ While in Rome, do as Roman does ”Followin

2、g. the way things are expressed in English usually. Try to make use of the existing similar expressions of the target language. Try to make the version achieve the function and effect equivalent to the original.e.g.1. 請(qǐng)止步No Admittance!2. 非公莫入No admittance except on business.3. 倉(cāng)庫(kù)重地閑人免進(jìn)Warehouse: Aut

3、horizedPersons Only.4. 謝絕參觀Inspection/Visit/VisitorsDeclined.5. 切勿倒置Keep Upright.6. 自備零鈔，不找零錢(公共汽車）Exact Fare Only7. 頭手不要伸出窗外Please Keep Arms and Heads Inside the Bus.8. 謹(jǐn)防扒手！Beware of Pickpockets.9. 老弱病殘?jiān)袑Ｗ鵆ourtesy Seats; Courtesy Seating10. 請(qǐng)勿亂丟煙頭Thank You for Using the A.: Please don l

4、itter the floorwithcigarette ends.ex.1、快餐外賣2、開業(yè)大吉3、買一送一4、大酬賓，大減價(jià)5、廠家直銷6、廠家建議價(jià)7、陳列品不出售8、請(qǐng)勿亂動(dòng)9、損壞后果自負(fù)（易碎品柜臺(tái)）110、降價(jià) 20%/ 打八折11、床上用品大減價(jià)12、清倉(cāng)大拍賣13、瘋狂大殺價(jià)14、特價(jià)，優(yōu)惠價(jià)15、全城最便宜16、莫失良機(jī)（機(jī)不可失）17、貨物售出，蓋不退換Version for reference:1. Fast Food To Go.2. Grand Opening.3. Two for the price of one; Buy one and get one free

5、.4. Sale; Sale Price; Big Sale.5. Factory Outlet6. Manufacturer s Suggested Retail Price7. For Display Only; Not for Sale8. Hands Off.9. Handle at Your Own Risk.10. 20 percents off11. White Sale.12. Clearance Price.13. Crazy Price.14. Terrific Value; Special Buy.15. Best Value In Town.16. It s Now o

6、r Never.17. All sales are final.II. Advertisement Characteristics1. Selling power (推銷能力）2. Memory power （記憶價(jià)值） “ fresh “”creative ”3. Attention value（注意價(jià)值）4. Readability （可讀性）5. Persuasive power（說服力）6. Loaded , figurative language（鼓動(dòng)性、修辭性語言）Examples of English headlines, slogans and trade names( 英語廣

7、告標(biāo)題、口號(hào)、商標(biāo)舉例 ) 1. punTwogether.(海濱旅館廣告，針對(duì)年輕度假伴侶）雙雙對(duì)對(duì)一起來。OIC （眼睛廠商標(biāo)，與Oh, I see! 諧音，酷似眼鏡）哦，我看見了！2The coats for every wear, everywhere.(every wear 與 everywhere 諧音，重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)）任何場(chǎng)合都能穿的外衣。2. hyperboleToo good to forget.(啤酒廣告，看似平淡，實(shí)則夸張）口味一流，永難忘懷。There nos place likeSpeigel. There nos place likehome to shop. (Spei

8、gel 為美國(guó)芝加哥的一家超市）斯匹克天下無雙！到斯匹克購(gòu)物賓至如歸！3. metaphorEAR FOODGive a listen to Sanyo newest CD players. They removeable feasts for music-hungry ears.耳朵的美餐可移動(dòng)的新一代三洋CD 機(jī)，飽您耳福的音樂美餐。4. parallelismThe CORDIA:Shaped by the wind;born for the road.戈迪亞牌汽車：應(yīng)路而生，風(fēng)雨造就。5. alliterationChoosy mother choose Jif.挑剔的母親專愛挑吉弗牌

9、花生醬。6. rhyme尾韻Compact impact.體積雖小，頗具功效7. parody 仿擬AMars a day keeps you work,rest and play.一天一塊 “金星 ”巧克力，令你精力充沛、生活愉悅。（模擬 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.Allworkand no play makes Jack a dull boy.)8. repetitionAnybar that serves Remy MartinXO is not just any bar.任何供應(yīng)人頭馬XO 的酒吧都是非同尋常的酒吧。C-E adverti

10、sing translation1. Followingthe way things are usually expressed in English.2. Makingfulluse of rhetorical devicesEg.（ 1）、牡丹香煙，醇味蓋冠（牡丹牌香煙）Peony stands out for taste.Parody: Camel stands out for taste. (Camel Cigarette)（ 2）、值得信賴， 惟有兄弟 （臺(tái)灣兄弟牌運(yùn)動(dòng)用品）Only Brother Your Very Own Brother. (repetition)（ 3）、不求

11、今日擁有，但求天長(zhǎng)地久。（青島電視）Choose once and choose for good. (pun)3（ 4）、追求美的真諦，創(chuàng)造美的事業(yè)，奉獻(xiàn)美的至誠(chéng)，共建美的世界。（絲寶集團(tuán)parallelism ）Challenge, Creation, Contribution,Cooperation.（ 5）、默默無蚊的奉獻(xiàn)。（蚊香片廣告pun）Mosquito-repellentincense, repelling mosquitoes in silence. (rhyme)3. Adaptation(改譯）eg. (1). 天時(shí)、地利、人和（房產(chǎn)投資廣告）The best time

12、to invest, the best place to invest, the best property to invest.Com.: Favorable climatic,geographical and human conditions(2). 長(zhǎng)城電扇，電扇長(zhǎng)城A fan is no comparison to the Great Wall,but the Great WallFan willshow you thatit is just as cool.(pun: “ cool )”Ex.1、東西南北中，好酒在張弓。2、金日在手中，萬事好成功。3、本產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)新穎，工藝先進(jìn)，選材講

13、究，價(jià)格合理。4、中國(guó)一絕5、擋不住的感覺6、口齒留香，余味無窮Version forreference1.East or west, “ Zhanggong (distilled”spirit)is the best.2. “ Jinri (VCD/DVD)”in hand, success in the end.3. Manufactured with advanced technology and selected materials, our products are novel in design and reasonable in price.4.Theworld onlys on

14、e in China; only one in China; an unrivalledspecialty in China5.Youcan beat the feeli ng;something you cannot afford tomiss.6.Tryitonce and you lloveit;Com.: withlingering aftertaste. It means “ thetaste thatremainsin the mouth aftereatingordrinking,i.e. unpleasant flavor4 補(bǔ)充： UntranslatabilityI. De

15、finitionUntranslatability is a property of a text, or of any utterance, in one language, for which no equivalent text or utterance can be found in another language.1. 語言上的不可譯性 linguistic untranslatability (meta language)1.1. 字形層次 Spelling or characterEg. You have written“ school，”witha “k” insteadof

16、 a “ ch ”“ k和”“ ch ”cannot be translated. Similarly,in Chinese “八字都還沒有一撇呢! ”“八 ” isalso difficultto translate.1.2. 語音層次pronunciatione.g.“石詩士施氏，嗜獅，誓食十獅?！?(趙元任著 ) in untranslatable.1.3. 詞匯層次vocabulary“刻舟求劍 ”“破釜沉舟 ” cannotbe simply translated as “ tocarve the boat in order to search for the lost sword

17、”和 “ tobreak the pot and boat in order to cheer up”e.g. “ cousin” canbe “表哥 /弟/ 姐 /妹 /，堂哥 /弟 /姐 /妹 ” in Chinese. An d in “你吃飯了沒？”,“飯” canbe “ breakfast， ”“ lunch ”,“ supper or” “ dinner?！?1.4. 文體風(fēng)格 stylee.g.:Original:“床前明月光，疑是地上霜。舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉(xiāng)?！盫ersion:Moonlightbefore my bed，Could it be frost instead?

18、Head up， 1 watch the moon，Head down ， 1 think of home.1.5. 修辭層的不同rhetorice.g.:original:“楊柳青青江水平, 聞郎江上唱歌聲。東邊日出西邊雨, 道是無晴還有晴。( 劉禹錫的竹枝辭)Here “晴 ” and“情 ” forms a pun.Version:“ Thewillowsare green , green , The river is serene ; Thence is his song rafted to me.In the east the sun is rising , In the west

19、the rain is falling; Can you see ifit fairsor foul?”2 文化上的不可譯性CulturalUntranslatabilitye.g:Original:“難道這也是個(gè)癡丫頭，又像顰兒來葬花不成？”因而笑道： “若其也葬花， 可謂東施效顰了，不但不為新奇，而是更是可厭?！保ú苎┣郏t樓夢(mèng)第三十四回）5Version:“ Can this be another absurd maid to come to bury flowers like Taiyu ?” He wondered in someamusement.“ If so, she s Tu

20、ng Shih imitating His Shih, which isn t original butrather tiresome.”II. SolutionsAvailable translation procedures:The translation procedures that are available in cases of lacunae, or lexical gaps, include the following:1. AdaptationAn adaptation, also known as a free translation, is a translation

21、procedure whereby the translator replaces a social, or cultural, reality in the source text with a corresponding reality in the target text; this new reality would be more usual to the audience of the target text.Adaptation is often used when translating poetry, works of theatre and advertising.2. B

22、orrowingBorrowing is a translation procedure whereby the translator uses a word or expression from the source text in the target text holus-bolus. Borrowings are normally printed in italics if they are not considered to have been naturalized in the target languages.3. CalqueCalque is a translation p

23、rocedure whereby a translator translates an expression (or, occasionally, a word) literally into the target language, translating the elements of the expression word for word.4. CompensationCompensation is a translation procedure whereby the translator solve the problem of aspects of thesource text

24、and cannot take the same form in the target language by replacing these aspects by other elements or forms in the source text.5. ParaphraseParaphrase, sometimes called periphrasis, is a translationprocedure whereby the translatorreplaces a word in the source text by a group of words or an expression

25、 in the target texts.An extreme example of paraphrase can be found in the BBC reports of June 22, 2004 of theidentification of the most untranslatableThe wordchosenword. is Ilunga, a word supposedly6from a language i n the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The BBC article states that“ Ilungameans a

26、person who is ready to forgive any abuse for the first time, to tolerate it a second time,but never a thirdtime . ” Here, the report proves that this word is not in fact untranslatable, as itprovides an English translation by way of the periphrasis.6. Translator s noteA translator s note is a note (

27、usually a footnote or endnote) added by the translator tothe targettext to provide additional informationpertaining to the limitsof the translation, the culturalbackground or any other explanations.Some translation exams allow or demand such notes. Despite this, resorting to notes is normallyseen as

28、 a failure by many translation professionals. 補(bǔ)充： undertranslationand overtranslation( 欠額翻譯與超額翻譯)I. Definition of undertranslation and overtranslationWe can attempts to define undertranslationand overtranslationin terms of non-equivalencefollowing the way Eugene Nida defines translation in terms of

29、equivalence. Undertranslation (also named overloaded translation) and overtranslation consist in reproducing in the target language (TL) the non-equivalence of the source language (SL) message, in terms of meaning or style. Tospeak more specifically, undertranslation overestimates TLreader ranges of

30、knowledge andignores version s understandability,so results in TL reader s failure to thoroughly understand theideas conveyed bySL due to the lack of necessary message. On the contrary,overtranslationmakes TL reader receive more message than SL reader does, thusresultsin TLreader smisunderstanding.

31、In a word, both undertranslation and overtranslationare deviationfrom theideal, faithful and expressive translation.Eugene Nida sdefinitionof translation:Translating consists in reproducing in the receptorlanguage the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meani

32、ngand secondly in terms of style.Moreover,we can furtherexplainthe definitionof undertranslationand overtranlslationasfollows.7G = source language structure（源語結(jié)構(gòu)）G = target languagestructure （譯語結(jié)構(gòu)）M = source language meaning （源語意義）M = target language meaning（譯語意義）Type 1結(jié)構(gòu)相似（ structural similarity ）

33、+意義相似（ meaning similarity ）G =G M = M original ： It goes in one ear and out the other.version ：這話從一個(gè)耳朵進(jìn)另一個(gè)耳朵出。Type 2結(jié)構(gòu)相似（ structural similarity ） +意義相異（ dissimilarity in meaning ）G =G M Moriginal ： I wish I had a green thumblike Mrs. Lee Look at the beautiful roses in her garden.version ：我真希望像李太太那樣有

34、個(gè)綠色的大拇指，瞧她那院子里的玫瑰花多漂亮。Type 3結(jié)構(gòu)相異（ structural dissimilarity ） +意義相似（ meaning similarity ）G G M = M original ： That excuse simply doesn t hold water.version ：那個(gè)借口根本站不住腳。Type 4結(jié)構(gòu)相異（ structuraldissimilarity ） +意義相異（ dissimilarity in meaning ）G G M Moriginal ：一徑自來到院門前，看那鳳尾森森龍吟細(xì)細(xì)，正是瀟湘館。（曹雪芹紅樓夢(mèng)）version ：At

35、 last he came to a secret door which was hidden away behind a thicket of high ferns by the edge of a quiet pond. A mysterious thrumming, which seemed to come from a water dragon living at the bottom of the pond, filled the air.- Florence & Zsabel McHugh: The Dream of the Red Chamber8II. strategies t

36、o minimize undertranslation and overtranslation.Undertranslationand overtranslationas the typicalmistranslationalways puzzles translators.Hence, wecanattempts todemarcate undertranslationand overtranslationbyemploying“ receptor s response” proposed by Eugene Nida and to make it clear that receptor s

37、 respdynamic standard which willdevelop as language changes and cross-culture communication isdeepened withthe lapse of time. Moreover,strategies such as generalization,specification,contextualamplification,adaptation, annotation, taboos in transliterationcan help translatorsminimize undertranslatio

38、n and overtranslation.1、概略化 (generalization)original ： Shampoo the hair with a mild Wella-shampoo and lightly towel dry.version ：用 “維拉 ”牌香波清洗頭發(fā)，然后用毛巾輕輕揩干。2、具體化 (specification)original ：The house was overrun with ivy, its chimney being enlarged by the boughs of the parasite to the aspect of the ruined tower. The lower rooms entirely given over to the birds, who walkedabout them with a proprietary air, as though the place had been built by themselvesversion ：草房上面爬滿了爬山虎，房上的煙囪都叫這種附生植物的枝葉纏得變粗了，看著好像一座廢圮了的高閣。樓下的屋子全是那些公雞母雞的領(lǐng)土，它們?cè)谀莾鹤邅碜呷グ阎魅宋痰募茏訑[得十足，好像蓋這所房子的就是它們自己。（張谷若譯苔絲）3、語境增益 (conte