動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。在本講中，我們將要從三個(gè)方面了解一下動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)。第一方面：按詞義和句中的作用，動(dòng)詞可以分為四類(lèi)。見(jiàn)下表。 類(lèi)別特點(diǎn)意義舉例實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 (vt. vi.)及物動(dòng)詞跟賓語(yǔ)須跟賓語(yǔ)一起才能表達(dá)完整的意思I have a book.不及物動(dòng)詞不能直接接賓語(yǔ)能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)She always comes late.系動(dòng)詞(link-v)跟表語(yǔ)不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，跟表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成完整意思I am a student.助動(dòng)詞(aux. v.)跟動(dòng)詞原形或分詞（無(wú)詞匯意義）不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，跟主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示疑問(wèn)，否定及各種時(shí)態(tài)He doesnt speak Chinese.I am

2、watching TV.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (mod. v.)跟動(dòng)詞原形（有自己的詞匯意思）不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)。表示說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣、情態(tài)，無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化We can do it by ourselves.That would be better.第二方面：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是由一些動(dòng)詞和其它詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思。其構(gòu)成方式如下。 構(gòu)成方式舉例動(dòng)詞+介詞Look at, look after動(dòng)詞+副詞Give up, put into動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞Catch up with, look down upon動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞Take care of, pay attention toBe+形容詞+介詞B

3、e proud of, be afraid of復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)Make up ones mind, wind ones way第三方面：按動(dòng)詞的形式可以分為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。1、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 形式意義舉例人稱(chēng)與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)一致I am reading now. 第一人稱(chēng)數(shù)與主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致He writes well. 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間He wrote a letter to me last month.過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)生者或者承受者We study English.主動(dòng)The road was filled with rubbish. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)氣說(shuō)話人表達(dá)事實(shí)、要求、愿望等H

4、e has flown to America. 事實(shí)I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 愿望2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 形式意義用途舉例不定式起形容詞和名詞作用可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)It takes me 20 minutes to go to school.動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)She likes reading.分詞現(xiàn)在分詞起形容詞、副詞作用，表主動(dòng)作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)The cup is broken過(guò)去分詞起形容詞、副詞作用，表被動(dòng)The steam is seen rising from the wet clothes.講到

5、這，大家對(duì)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)都清楚了嗎？知道了動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)，我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行后期的內(nèi)容時(shí)，才能更快地掌握相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。動(dòng) 詞動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作（study, find, swim 等）或狀態(tài)（be, like, feel 等）的詞。動(dòng)詞具有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)量、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)：動(dòng)詞有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞四類(lèi)。一）助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有任何含義，不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，只能和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，幫助行為動(dòng)詞組成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣以及疑問(wèn)或否定形式。常見(jiàn)的助動(dòng)詞有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall等。具體用法如下：1、助動(dòng)詞be的用法

6、如下：1）構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：It was raining all day yesterday.昨天整天下雨。2）構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.會(huì)議是昨天下午舉行的。3）與不定式連用表示按照計(jì)劃、預(yù)先安排或規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：They are to see an English film this evening.他們今天晚上看英語(yǔ)電影。2、助動(dòng)詞do的用法如下：1）構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式或否定式。如：Does he think so?I didnt say anything about the result.2)在動(dòng)詞前加上do,

7、 does, did表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為“的確，確實(shí)”。如：They do study hard.She does love him.He did want to help the old man.3、have: 助動(dòng)詞have 的過(guò)去式是had。have和had均可與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞一起構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：He has lived here for three years.As soon as the sun had set they returned.4、shall, should: 助動(dòng)詞shall只用于第一人稱(chēng)的將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)；助動(dòng)詞should 是shall的過(guò)去式，構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如：I shall

8、 send ten letters to my good friend.She wanted to know if I should go to the palace.二）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定含義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，要和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。它們也能表明句子的否定、疑問(wèn)或時(shí)態(tài)上的區(qū)別。常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, may, must, need, should等。表示能力表示能力一般用can, could。如：Rose can speak now, but she couldnt a week ago.be able to 也表示能力，它和can 的區(qū)別如下：1）表示做事的能力，兩者可通用

9、。但can 只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。be able to 可用于任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：She could / was able to eat four pieces of bread when she was young.They will be able to finish the drawing soon.2) 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)過(guò)努力而成功的某一次動(dòng)作，只能用was/were able to, 但在否定句中可互換。如：She was weak, but was able to finish the task last night.can (could) 在疑問(wèn)句中與第二人稱(chēng)連用時(shí)，表示征求對(duì)方意

10、見(jiàn)或提出請(qǐng)求，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。雖然could是can的過(guò)去式，但是could 只是表示比can語(yǔ)氣更加委婉客氣，沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差別。如：-Could you lend me your pen?-Yes, I can.表示許可表示許可一般用may/might, can/could, 而且?？苫Q。Might, could語(yǔ)氣比較委婉。要特別注意：回答以might, could開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句只能用may, can 給予直截了當(dāng)?shù)幕卮稹?Might/Could I borrow your book?-Yes, you may/can.表示必需、必要must和have to都有“必須” ，一般情況下可互換。

11、如：You must / have to finish the work.但他們有如下區(qū)別：1）must 表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法；have to 表示客觀需要。如：I must have a talk with him.He has to give up smoking because of badly cough.2) 否定式mustnt 表示禁止，意為“不準(zhǔn)，不可以做”；dont have to 意為“不必”。如：You mustnt hit her.You dont have to explain it to me if you dislike the job.注：表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有表示

12、“一定”的must, 表示“很有可能”的should, ought to 和表示“可能”的can, could, may, might。具體用法如下：must 表示較有把握的推測(cè)，只用于肯定句，不能用語(yǔ)否定句或疑問(wèn)句。用法如下：1）對(duì)目前動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，用must+動(dòng)詞原形。如：You must lose in the mountain.2) 對(duì)目前狀態(tài)的推測(cè)，用must + be + 表語(yǔ)。如：You speak for 4 hours, you must be thirsty.在肯定句中，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)把握不大的推測(cè)用may (might) +動(dòng)詞原形，might 比 may 的可能性更??；

13、對(duì)過(guò)去把握不大的推測(cè)用may (might) have+ 過(guò)去分詞。如：The package might come tomorrow.They may have killed the enemies.3、在疑問(wèn)句中，對(duì)現(xiàn)在表示推測(cè)用can (could) +動(dòng)詞原形，對(duì)過(guò)去表示懷疑則用can (could) have+過(guò)去分詞；在否定句中，對(duì)現(xiàn)在表示推測(cè)用cant+動(dòng)詞原形，對(duì)過(guò)去表示推測(cè)用cant (couldnt) have+過(guò)去分詞。如：It cant be John. He has gone to UK.4、need的雙重身份need 既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，它們的用法不同，如

14、不注意區(qū)分，就容易用錯(cuò)。三）系動(dòng)詞連詞動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi)聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞含有一定意義，它們要與其后做表語(yǔ)的形容詞、名詞或介詞（短語(yǔ)）一起構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)。系動(dòng)詞按意義可分為三類(lèi)，而且有自己的特定用法。1、按意義聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有：be, appear, seem, keep, remain, continue, stay, prove 等，如：Jim appears very old.、表示感覺(jué)的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ook, feel, smell, sound, taste等。如：It smells bad.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)變的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。如： She become

15、s more beautiful than three years ago.四）行為動(dòng)詞 行為動(dòng)詞又稱(chēng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，它們都含有實(shí)在的意義，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可在句中獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。行為動(dòng)詞又分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。、及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞后一定要跟賓語(yǔ)，意思才能完整。如：My mother told me she wanted to buy some books for me.2、不及物動(dòng)詞 不及物動(dòng)詞意義完整，不需帶賓語(yǔ)，但如果有些不及物動(dòng)詞非要帶賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須先加介詞后加賓語(yǔ)。如：He only worried about his daughter.二、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有很多。初中階段主要掌握八種：

16、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)。1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)是I, we, you, they和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞用原形。主語(yǔ)是he, she , it和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況s以s, x, ch, sh 或 o結(jié)尾es以輔音y結(jié)尾去y變ies2）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和like為例）：主 語(yǔ)肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問(wèn) 式第一、二人稱(chēng)和第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I am a student.We/You/ They are students.He/ She

17、is a student.I / We/ You/ They/ like music.Many people like music.I am not a student.We/You/ They are not students.He/ She is not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ dont like music.Many people dont like music.Are you a student.Are you/ they students?Is he/ she a student?Do you/ they like music?Do many peo

18、ple like music?3）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的用法：現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作 。例如： I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) 例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.客觀真理 例如：The earth goes around the sun.4）常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。例題解析：舉一反三，

19、學(xué)的更輕松！1. - May I help you, sir?- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it _.A. didnt work B. doesnt work C. wont work D. cant work解析：電視雖然是前天買(mǎi)的， 但壞了是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)， 應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。選B.2_ the bus until it _. A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Dont get off, stops D. Dont get off, will stop解析：這是一個(gè)

20、以u(píng)ntil引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句是祈使句，因此從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。根據(jù)句意此題應(yīng)用not until（直到才）句型。應(yīng)選C。3The 70-year-old man _ exercises in the morning. A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take解析：“這個(gè)70歲的老人早晨鍛煉?！边@里鍛煉是一個(gè)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。因此，應(yīng)選A.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：Am/is/ are+ v-ing是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式 v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：一般情況+ing以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞。去e,加ing+in

21、g以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的單詞去e+ing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí).雙寫(xiě)詞尾字母+ing2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式：主 語(yǔ)肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問(wèn) 式第一、二人稱(chēng)和第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I am driving.He/She/It is working.We/You/They are doing something.I am not driving.He/She/It is not working.We/You/They are not doing anything.Are you driving?Is he/she/it working?Are yo

22、u/they doing something?3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1. 說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（動(dòng)作是在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如： She is having a bath now.2. 現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（但是動(dòng)作并不是必須在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如： You are working hard today. Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. The population of the world is growing very fast.頻度副詞always, forever等詞連用時(shí)， 表示某種強(qiáng)烈的

23、感情。如：He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣賞，表?yè)P(yáng))表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（僅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等動(dòng)詞）。如： The party is beginning at 8:00 oclock.6) 常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： now 等。 often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1I dont think that its true. Shes

24、always _ lies. A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told解析：always在這里應(yīng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用， 帶有感情色彩， 表示討厭。選C.2. How _ you _ with the new job?A. do, do B. do, get along C. are, doing D. are, getting on解析：表示現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。選D.3- Are these socks yours? - No. Mine _ outside on the clothes line. A. are hanging B. have hung

25、 C. hang D. hung解析：hang意為懸掛， hung意為上吊、絞死，先排除答案B、D。根據(jù)前后句意可判斷出現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。應(yīng)選 A.3一般將來(lái)時(shí)1）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成： 1. 助動(dòng)詞will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形 2. am / is / are +going to +動(dòng)詞原形 2）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法： 1將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如： I will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 2將要存在的狀態(tài)。例如： This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be? 3打算要做的事。 例如： Ar

26、e you going to watch the film on television tonight?3) 常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow next week in 2008 等。 例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1. I_ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left解析：趨向動(dòng)詞leave 可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。選A。2.I_ to see grandma and help

27、her with some housework every week.A. came B. am going come C. come D. will come解析：此題雖然有every week, 但句意中表達(dá)的事將要去做的經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作。應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。因此選D。3. We Chinese _ the Olympic Games in 2008.A. held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold解析：本題的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是將來(lái)的時(shí)間， 所以選用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，A、D都刪去。shall后面應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞原型，故應(yīng)選D.4一般過(guò)去時(shí)1）一般過(guò)

28、去時(shí)的構(gòu)成： 用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況+ed以e字母結(jié)尾的輔音+d以輔音字母y結(jié)尾去y變ied重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母 雙寫(xiě)詞尾字母+ed2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和like為例）：主 語(yǔ)肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問(wèn) 式第一、二人稱(chēng)和第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I was a student.We/You/ They were students.He/ She was a student.I / We/ You/ They/ liked music.Many people liked music.I was not a st

29、udent.We/You/ They were not students.He/ She was not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ didnt like music.Many people didnt like music.Were you a student.Were you/ they students?Was he/ she a student?Did you/ they like music?Did many people like music?3）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法：1 過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如： The police stopped me on my wa

30、y home last night.2 過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)。例如：They werent able to come because they were so busy.3. 常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，often，always等。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1 r. Mott is out. But he _ here a few minutes ago.A. was B. is C. will be D. would be解析：時(shí)分鐘前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 應(yīng)選A，2-Hi, Tom. -

31、Hello, Fancy. I _ you were here. A.dont know B.wont think C. think D. didnt know解析：雖然句中沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)， 但是可以通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷出， 這句話指的是我這段時(shí)間并不知道， 你前一陣子在這兒。 所以應(yīng)選A。3He promised to tell me by himself when I _.A. come B. would come C. come D. had come解析：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)。應(yīng)選C。5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：have / has + v-ing2）現(xiàn)

32、在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和see為例）：主 語(yǔ)肯 定 式否 定 式疑 問(wèn) 式第一、二人稱(chēng)和第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I /We/You/ They have been here before.He/ She has been here before.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people have seen the film.I /We/You/ They havent been here before.He/ She hasnt been here before .I / We/ You/ They/ Many people havent seen

33、the film.Have you/ they been here before?Has he/ she been here before?Have you/ they/ many people seen the film?在完成時(shí)的用法：1、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.常與already, just, ever, never, before等詞連用. 如:She has never read this novel.他從未讀過(guò)這本小說(shuō).(他對(duì)小說(shuō)的內(nèi)容不了解)2、表示 “過(guò)去的動(dòng)作”一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去. 常與for (后跟段時(shí)間)或since (后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間)等連用

34、.如:I have been a member of the Party for 10 years. I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.注：在有for 和since 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞。如： He has died for 3 years.(F)He has been dead for 3 years.(T)注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用。如：in 1998, last morning等 have/has been to 表示“去過(guò)”（去了又回來(lái)了） have/h

35、as gone to 表示“去過(guò)”（去了沒(méi)回來(lái)了） 如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在) Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！-How long _ he _ a fever?- Ever since last night.A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have 解析：此句表示從昨晚起持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，去掉答案D。因?yàn)槭嵌螘r(shí)間， 所以不能用短暫行動(dòng)詞，get和catch 都是短暫行動(dòng)詞。 因此選B.My bowl is empty

36、. Who _ all my soup?A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunk D. drank解析：碗是空的了，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作造成的結(jié)果。 “誰(shuí)把我的湯都喝了。應(yīng)選C.3. I _ you for a long time. Where _ you _? A. Didnt seen; did, go B. didnt see; have, gone C. havent seen; have, been D. havent seen; have gone解析：for+段時(shí)間一般預(yù)先在完成時(shí)連用?！澳闳ツ膬毫耍?”（在這段時(shí)間你不在）應(yīng)選C。6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

37、1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成： was / were +v-ing2) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法： 過(guò)去某一階段或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 例如： This time last year I was living in Brazil. What were you doing at 10 oclock last night?3)常用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： at four yesterday afternoon，then，at that time/moment 等。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！Daddy promised me he _ me a computer A. was bought B. had

38、bought C bought D. would buy 解析：“爸爸答應(yīng)我給我買(mǎi)一臺(tái)電腦”。賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作是以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 選D。They said they _ do some sports if it was fine.A. were going to B. went C. would going D. were going解析：“他們說(shuō)如果天氣好的話他們打算去運(yùn)動(dòng)?！比プ鲞\(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在說(shuō)話之后，所以應(yīng)選用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，答案B不合適，“打算作某事”為“be going to do ”.would 后面應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞原形，應(yīng)選A.7、過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)1）過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：

39、 肯定式：had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 否定式：hadnt + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 疑問(wèn)式：Had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 簡(jiǎn)略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had. No, 主 + had現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法：1、表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。 他表示的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去 的過(guò)去 ”常與by last year, by the time of yesterday,等連用。如：She said she had seen the film 4 times. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had b

40、egun reading.By the time they arrived, the bus had left.2、表示 從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for (后跟段時(shí)間)或since (后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間)等連用.如:She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1. He _ in Shanghai University for four years before he _ Beijing.A. studied, had gone B. had studied, w

41、entC. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone 解析：“他去北京之前在上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了4年 ”。在上海學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在去北京之前，因此第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。此題選B。2. Mary said it was at least five years since he _ a good drink.A. enjoyed B. was enjoying C. had enjoyed D. would enjoy解析：It was + 時(shí)間段+since 引導(dǎo)的從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。應(yīng)選C。3. Xiao Pei said she _ Hainan for

42、3 months.A. has been in B. had been in C. had been to D. had gone to解析：“小培說(shuō)她去了海南三個(gè)月 ”。have been to 和have gone to 都是短暫性的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。所以適應(yīng)表示狀態(tài)的have been in. 應(yīng)選B.時(shí)態(tài)綜合例題解析：-What are Mr and Mrs Black doing ?-They _ tea in the garden. A. are drinking B. drank C. have drunk D. drink 2. My mother often asks me _ear

43、ly . A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up 3. Soon Wu Dong _ up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck. A. taught B. caught C. bought D. brought 4. The car _and stopped at the red traffic light. A. got on B. got off C. slowed down D. picked up 5. Tom _ the CD player for two weeks. A. has

44、 lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 6. -Do you know _? -Sorry, but if he _ back, I _ you know as soon as possible. A. when will he be back, comes, will let B. when he will be back, will come, will let C. what time will he be back, will come, let D. what time he will be back, comes, will l

45、et 7. We _ to the park if it is fine tomorrow. A. will go B. have gone C. go 8. A new shoe factory will _ in this part of the city. A. be building B. be built C. build 9. -_ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there. -Ok, Mom. A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away 10. - How about going

46、hiking this weekend? - Sorry, I prefer _ rather than _. A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home 解析：1.根據(jù)問(wèn)句的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，答句時(shí)態(tài)要一致，故選答案: A 2.根據(jù)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞ask的固定搭配 ask sb to do sth. 故答案：D 3.根據(jù)第一句的固定動(dòng)詞詞組 catch up with sb 及第二句的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故選答案: B 4.此題主要考查

47、四個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組的掌握.根據(jù)后半句在紅燈時(shí)停下來(lái),故選答案: C 5.此題主要考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的延續(xù)和非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)for two weeks 時(shí)間短語(yǔ)。故選答案: C 6.此題主要考查賓語(yǔ)叢句和狀語(yǔ)叢句的習(xí)慣用法。第一句是特殊疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)叢句，要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。第二句是if 條件句。叢句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故選答案：B 7.此題考查if 條件句的主句時(shí)態(tài)，要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故選答案； A 8.此題考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)全句的意思，使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選答案： B 9.此題考查四個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組put up ,張貼，舉起; put on 穿上，上演； put away 把-收拾好。 根據(jù)后半句“我討厭到處亂

48、放”， 故選答案: D10.此題主要考查一個(gè)固定詞組：prefer to do sth rather than do sth. 故選答案：C.練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績(jī)！一、選擇最佳答案填空(動(dòng)詞及搭配)：1. A policeman saw two thieves _a girls mobile phone on the bus and hecaught them at once.A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen2. The Chinese pingpong players will join in the match.Lets _t

49、hem success.A. wish B.to wish C.hope D.to hope3. He is so careless that he always _his school things at home.A. forgets B.forgot C.leaves D.left4. -Who _the computer? I want to use it. -Timmy. He _ it for a week.A. borrowed, has borrowed B.has borrowed, bought C.has borrowed, has kept D.bought, has

50、borrowed5. Look! One of the girls _the door.A. cleans B.is cleaning C.clean D.are cleaning6. If you dont feel well, you may just _.stopped reading B.stop reading C.stopped to read D.stop to read7. -Where can we get a baseball? -Lets _.A. lend Jim one B.lend one to Jim C.borrow one from Jim D.borrow one of Jim8. -My model ship doesnt work. -Dont worry. Ill have it _this afternoon.A. repairi