初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)： 名詞與冠詞

1、 初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)： 名詞與冠詞 1.a 用在輔音因素開(kāi)頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前；an用于元音因素開(kāi)頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。2.表示乘坐交通工具時(shí)，注意by 后不帶冠詞，on 或in 后面可以加冠詞或其他限定詞。如：by bike ,on his /a bike 3.某些短語(yǔ)中有無(wú)定冠詞the表達(dá)的意義不同。例如：be in hospital 住院,be in the hospital在醫(yī)院。go to school 無(wú)上學(xué),go to the school 去學(xué)校。4.“the +形容詞”表示一類人the old =the old people ,the rich =rich people .5.“t

2、he +姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)”表示一家人。The Browns ：Brown 一家人6.加the的情況序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前方位樂(lè)器前江河湖泊海洋等名詞前next ,last , same , only 等此前第一無(wú)二的天體名詞前由普通名詞構(gòu)成的轉(zhuǎn)悠名詞前請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝袡M線中填入適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~。1._ old man behind Mary is _ university teacher.2.Are you good at playing _ basketball or playing _ piano?3._ youngest leader in China is _ man called Lu Hao .4.H

3、ow do you go to _ work? I usually take _ bus .5.What _ useful dictionary !And _ dictionary was bought in Tianhe Bookstore.6.He is _ university student and he comes from _ island in England .7.-Have you seen the key to _ car ? -I think _ key is on the desk .8.-How far is it from our school to _ seasi

4、de? -It is _ eight kilometer walk from here .9.I have got _ bad headache all day ,so I think Ill go to bed early .10.If you go by _ train ,you can have quite a comfortable trip ,but make sure you get _ fast one .11.She has been in _hospital for three days .We go to _ hospital to see her every day .1

5、2.There is _ book on the shelf .Would you please get _book for me ?13.Learning _ countrys language is a better way of knowing _culture behind it .14.I hope we can fly to _moon one day .7.數(shù)詞加名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，有兩種表達(dá)。例如：a ten minutes drive = a ten-minute drive 8.“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞時(shí)，中間的名詞用單數(shù)。 a ten-meter-long bridge

6、 / a ten meters long bridge Small practice 1.-How deep is the hole ?-It is _(四米深).2.-How far is your school from your home ?-About _(二十分鐘的走路路程).3.Each of us has to write a _ report every two weeks . A.two-hundred-word B.two-hundreds-wordC.two-hundreds-words D.two-hundred-words4.There is _ 800-meter

7、long road behind _ hospital.9. 名詞分可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞 。可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。寫(xiě)出下列單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：desk watch bus box brush baby monkey leaf knife potato tomato photo zoo piano foot tooth goose man woman policeman Chinese Japanese sheep fish Child mouse 10.容易出錯(cuò)的不可數(shù)名詞有：advice ,fun , information ,music , news , weat

8、her ,work1. My mother bought some_ for my birthday party yesterday.A.apple B.banana C.orange D.meat2. - Oh，there isnt enough_ for us in the lift.- No hurry.Lets wait for the next.A.ground B.floor C.place D.room3.- Ive got a little_ in my house.- Why not keep two or more?A.juice B.mice C.bread D.fish

9、4.The sweetest_ in the world is birds singing, I think.A.cry B.noise C.voice D.sound5.They have much coloured_.Lets go and ask for some.A.rules B.paper C.erasers D.sharpeners6. - whats your favorite_?- Oranges.A.color B.fruit C.juice D.vegetable7.- Would you like some_?- No, thank you.Im not hungry

10、at all.A.tea B.water C.bread D.coffee8.Mr Smith always has _ to tell us.A.some good pieces of newsB.some pieces of good newsC.some good piece of newesD.some piece of good news9.Please pass us _.A.two glass of milk B.two glass of milksC.two glasses of milks D.two glasses of milk10.These Germans want

11、to have some _ or supper，so they decide to catch_now.A.fish；many B.fishes；muchC.fish；muchD.fishes；many11. man 和woman 作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，boy和girl作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)用單數(shù)形式。如：men teachers ,girl students .12. 名詞所有格中的“of+短語(yǔ)”主要用于無(wú)生命的東西 a leg of a table雙重或多重所有格則多用于有生命的東西。 a photo of my brothers 6.表示詞組內(nèi)并列名詞的共同所有關(guān)系，只需在并列

12、的最后的名詞后加-s，如果表示各自的所有關(guān)系，則需在每個(gè)并列名詞后加-s。如Jim and Toms room (共同所有的) Jims and Toms room（各自所有的）13. sound ,voice and noise 名詞含義區(qū)別Sound泛指聲音人或物發(fā)出的聲響Voice嗓音一般指人說(shuō)話，唱歌笑時(shí)發(fā)出的聲音或人的嗓音noise聲音噪音指人們發(fā)出的嘈雜聲，喧叫聲等不協(xié)調(diào)的聲音Please dont make any _, the baby is asllep.There is no _ coming from TV.Alice has a beautiful _.She sing

13、s best in the school.Small practice 1.How many _ are there in the international village ?A. Germen B. Frenchmans C. Chinese D. Amercian 2.-What did you see just now ?-I saw two _ doctors _ out of the house .A. woman; come B. woman ;came C. women ; coming D. women ;to come3. The _ of the room were co

14、vered with _.A. roofs, leafsB. roofs, leavesC. rooves, leafsD. rooves, leaves4. There are three _ in our factory.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorsC. woman doctorD. women doctor5. Which do you prefer _ or _?A. potatos, tomatosB. potatos, tomatoesC. potatoes, tomatosD. potatoes, tomatoes6. We know _ tr

15、avels not so fast as light.A. soundB. soundsC. the soundsD. a sound7. Two _, please.A. coffeeB. coffeesC. cup of coffeeD. cups coffee8. She used to have three_ . A.boys friends B.boy-friends C.boy friend D.boy friends 9. I like these dishes but_ is a little too small. A. the tea cup B.the cup of tea

16、 C. the teas cup D.the cup for tea 10. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _ movie could not hold our attention. A.three-hours B. three-hour C.three-hours D.three-hours 14. 修飾可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞 與可數(shù)名詞搭配與不可數(shù)名詞搭配a(great/large) number of a great deal ofmanymuchA fewA littlefewlittleseveralA

17、 lot of =lots of ,some ,plenty of用a few ,few ,a little ,little填空。1. There is _ meat in the fridge .Please go to buy some.2. She just came ,so she has _ friends in this school.3. Your father bought _ cakes back, if you are hungry ,you can eat them.4. I know quite _ people because Ive worked here for

18、nearly twenty years.5. Can I drink_ water ?I am still very hungry. 6. - Ive got a little_ in my house.- Why not keep two or more?A.juice B.mice C.bread D.fish15. A number of 表示許多，后面加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，the number of 表示的數(shù)量，后面加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)。1. of students _(be)playing football on the pl

19、ayground .2._ of the students in my school _(be)two thousand.Small practice 1.-You looked tired this morning .What did you do yesterday ? -I did _ Christmas shopping.A.a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D.a piece of 2.-What about Mr Blacks speech? -Wonderful! There were _ there.A.a large number B.

20、much C. a great deal of D. lots3.Paper-making is _ of ancient China.A. one of greatest invention B. one of the greatest inventionsC. one of the greatest inventors D. one of great inventor4.The letter from my uncle was short .There wasnt _ news.A. many B. a few C. much D. few5.He has _ bread to eat , so he often gives me some.A.