[精編]安全常識之辦公室安全程序

1、辦公室安全程序 1. introduction概述1.1office accidents, like any other accidents result from the same basic causes - unsafe acts and conditions.辦公室人員的安全事故與其他安全事故一樣由相同的一些基本因素所導致，即不安全的行為及環(huán)境。1.2most office injuries occur as a consequence of:大多數(shù)辦公室發(fā)生的人身傷害都由以下各項引起： slipping, tripping, falls跌倒、失足與滑倒 the lifting, ha

2、ndling of materials and equipment搬運、搬運材料和設備 stepping on and striking against objects行走時踩在物體上并與物體相撞 falling items掉落物品 fire火災 electricity電氣 repetitive motion重復動作1.3office safety requires the same practices of any work site, i.e. regular discussion at staff and/or safety meetings, reporting of incident

3、s including near incidents, investigation, inspection, training, etc. 辦公室的安全要求有與任何其他工作場所相同的規(guī)程，如員工們的定期討論和（或）安全會議、事故報告(其中包括新近發(fā)生的事故情況、調(diào)查、檢驗、培訓等等)。1.4to achieve a positive awareness of health and safety in the office, the working conditions, comfort and the work environment should be optimized.為了使人們能積極認

4、知辦公室內(nèi)的健康和安全情況，應改善工作條件、舒適度以及工作環(huán)不境。 good lighting is important for improving safety as well as satisfactory working conditions for improving the efficiency of personnel.良好的照明對于改善安全條件，以及為提高員工的工作效率而營造令人滿意的工作環(huán)境是很重要的。 excessive noise causes physical stress and if continuous, permanent impairment, that int

5、erfere with speech communication and mental concentration, both of which can increase the potential for an incident.過量的噪音會導致身體緊張。如果是長期、持久的損害以至于影響到人們的談話交流和精神集中，這兩者都會增加發(fā)生事故的潛在可能。 good heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems provide personal comfort and consequently assists employees to conc

6、entrate on performing jobs safely and efficiently.良好的供暖、通風和空調(diào)系統(tǒng)會使人們獲得身體舒適感，并最終使雇員能夠集中精力安全、高效地進行工作。2. fire prevention & emergency 火災防范及緊急情況 electricity is a very common ignition source in fires.regular inspection and prompt maintenance of electrical cords and equipment can minimize the potential for

7、fire.also determine whether circuit overload may occur whenever adding strip multiple outlets to connect numerous electrical devices to one outlet.電氣是一種很常見的火災源頭。對電線和用電設備進行定期檢查和即時維護能夠?qū)l(fā)生火災的可能性降到最低。為了在一個接板上連接大量電氣設備而增加多孔電源接板時，應確認電路是否會因此超載。 electrical equipment and unnecessary lights should be turned of

8、f before leaving at the end of the day.在一天工作結(jié)束離開之前應把電氣設備和不必要的電燈關閉。 do not store flammable materials in the office.不要在辦公室存放易燃材料。 smoke only in designated areas.只在指定場所吸煙。 all trash should be placed in proper receptacles.所有的垃圾都應被放置在專門的容器內(nèi)。 fire extinguisher locations should be adequate and unobstructed

9、.滅火器的位置應恰到好處并且在取用時沒有障礙物阻擋 fire extinguishers should be placed on a monthly inspection program to be assured that they are ready for use.all extinguishers found to be inadequate are to be removed and replaced immediately.滅火器應被加入到月度檢查計劃當中以確保其隨時可以使用。所有被發(fā)現(xiàn)存在問題的滅火器都應被立即撤換。 no one is required to fight a f

10、ire.individuals may choose to fight a fire only if:沒有人被要求救火。只有在以下情況下個人才可以選擇救火：- they are trapped and fighting the fire is the only means for survival.- 被困住而救火是能夠生存下來的唯一方法。- they have received adequate extinguisher training.- 接受過充分的消防訓練。- they have a ready means of egress behind them.- 在身后有可靠的出口。 all

11、 emergency exits and routes must be kept clear at all times.所有的緊急出口及線路在任何時間都必須保持通暢。2.1 emergency evacuation 火險緊急疏散 be familiar with the shortest escape route from your work station. identify alternate escape route.familiarise yourself with the general layout of your office building.知道離工作站最近的逃生路線。發(fā)現(xiàn)其

12、它的逃生路線。熟悉整個辦公大樓的總體布置。 routine emergency procedure drills should be practiced with personnel and they should be post-appraised for improvements in procedures and actions.由全體員工參加的例行的緊急情況規(guī)程訓練經(jīng)定期進行。員工在相關規(guī)程和行動方面取得的進展應張榜評估。 all office premises must have equipment to activate fire alarms, which must be cle

13、arly identified, and simple instructions posted so that it can be activatedeasily.all equipment to combat fires should be identifiable and kept maintained.所有辦公室都必須擁有啟動火災警報的裝置。該裝置都應能夠被清楚地辨認并且在旁邊張貼有簡要的說明，以使它的啟動變得簡單。所有的滅火設備都應能被辨認并時刻保持狀態(tài)良好。 emergency egress/exit route map with “you are here” sign must b

14、e posted at strategic location in office building.for example each office area or wing should have at least one map.在辦公樓內(nèi)每一個重要場所張貼好緊急逃生路線圖，并在圖中標明該場所的位置。例如，每一個辦公區(qū)域都至少有一個緊急逃生路線圖。 in case of fire, go to pre-determined muster point.never use an elevator during fire.follow fire wardens instruction.如果發(fā)生火災

15、，迅速趕至預先規(guī)定的集合地點。在出現(xiàn)火災時一定不要使用電梯。聽從防火員的指示。 floor evacuations should be made by the stairwells.應通過樓梯井進行樓層疏散。 a prompt response to any type or size of fire is extremely important.對火災的類別和規(guī)模做出迅速反應是非常重要的。 most fires will be confined to the room of origin if the door is closed.如果房門緊閉，大多數(shù)火勢是可以被限制在其起始的房間內(nèi)的。 cl

16、ose all office and conference room doors upon exiting to signify that the room is clear.在撤離時關閉所有已撤空的辦公室和會議室的門以表示該房間內(nèi)無人。 if you found someone is in trouble and not able to assist them without risking your own life do not attempt to help them.inform the hse personnel immediately or upon arriving at mu

17、ster point, notify fire brigade officer of the individuals condition and location.如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)其他人陷入危險之中，在不能夠確保自身生命安全的前提下不要試圖去幫助他們。立即通知hse人員或在到達集合地點后，立即通知消防隊員受困人員的情況和地點。 follow the instructions of the fire brigade officer.照消防官的指示去做。2.2emergency phone number & information緊急電話號碼及其信息caojing city emergency phon

18、e numbers漕涇市緊急電話fire火警:119police公安: 110ambulance急救電話：67250226（locate in the tianyuan chemical factory 位于天原化工廠內(nèi)）or 1203. housekeeping 內(nèi)務管理 furniture and equipment should be arranged so there is ample room to work without bumping into chairs, desks, file cabinets, and the like.辦公用具和設備應擺放妥當，以留出足夠的工作空間，

19、防止撞到桌椅、公文柜之類的東西。 electric cords and cable for all electric equipment should be routed to minimize exposure to personnel.所有用電設備的電線、電纜應被理順以使其暴露在員工面前的部分減至最小。 waste baskets or any other items that set on the floor should be kept under a table or desk, in a corner or other out-of-the-way places to minimi

20、ze tripping hazards.放在地板上的廢物籃或其他物品應被置于桌子下面、角落里或其他偏僻地方以將引其跌倒的危險降至最小。 any secondary aisle which will be used to access an exit (i.e.: passages within an office) should be kept clear.main corridors and exits should be free of obstructions and sufficiently sized for a safe evacuation.用來通往出口的任何二級走廊（如辦公室里

21、的過道）應保持暢通。主走廊及出口應無任何障礙物并且有足夠的空間進行安全疏散。 walking surfaces such as hallways, stairs, and floors should be maintained clean.all objects such as pencils, pens, paper and paper clips should be picked up promptly and any liquids spilled must be wiped up immediately from all surfaces or the area isolated.門廳

22、、樓梯、地板之類的行走地面應保持清潔。所有如鉛筆、鋼筆、廢紙、紙夾一類的物品都應被即時拾起。任何傾濺的液體都應從整個地面或單獨區(qū)域內(nèi)立即擦拭干凈。 loose tiles, raised carpet or any other irregularity in walking surfaces should be reported for corrective action.松動的磚塊、卷褶的地毯或其他任何行走地面上的參差不平應即時報告以得到糾正。 shelving should be fastened to the wall and/or other shelving to improve i

23、ts stability.傾斜的物體應靠著墻壁固定和（或）與其他傾斜物體固定在一起以提高其穩(wěn)定性。 safety signs for exits, escape routes, no smoking and fire fighting equipment, push-pull signs on doors etc., should be prominently and optimally displayed for awareness and to improve safety.用來表示出口、撤離路線、禁止吸煙、滅火設備、大門推拉標志等事項的安全標志應在最顯著和最適宜的地方顯示，以使更多的人察

24、覺到，從而提高安全系數(shù)。 4. trips and falls 失足與滑倒 maintain floor and walkways free from obstruction.確保地板和走道內(nèi)沒有任何障礙物。 proceed through solid doors and around corners with caution.通過固定門以及角落里時多加小心。 the use of handrails when going up or down steps should be encouraged.應鼓勵人們在上下樓梯時使用扶手。 objects should be carried so as

25、 to not obstruct view of floor, stairs, or other persons or objects.在攜帶物品時，應以不阻礙你看到地面、樓梯、或其他人員或物體為前提。5. manual lifting 人工搬運重物 whenever possible obtain mechanical assistance to lift objects.無論何時，只要能夠就借助機械來舉起重物。o when mechanical assistance not possible, get someone to assist.當無法得到機械的幫助時找其他人來幫忙。 when l

26、ifting heavy objects在搬運重物時應：o face the object with feet comfortably separated; place one foot behind the object and one along its side.面對物體時雙腳自然分開；一只腳置于物體之后，另一只緊挨其側(cè)面。o bend at the knees.屈膝。o get a firm balanced grip on the object.牢固、平衡地抓緊物體。o keep the object as close to your body as possible.使物品盡可能靠

27、緊身體。o using your legs and keeping your spine in the vertical plane lift the object.搬運時，用雙腿使勁，保持脊椎處于垂直方向。o if the object is too heavy or bulky to lift comfortably, seek help.如果物品過重或過大而無法順利抬起時，尋求其他人的幫助。 items being carried should be held safely to avoid injury in the event of being struck.在攜帶物品時應保證其攜帶

28、方法的安全，以免在受到撞擊時受傷。6 work station工作站6.1 general requirement 總體要求all office furniture should be used only for the purpose intended and in the manner intended.chairs are not step stools and chairs with wheels are not trolleys.所有的辦公用具都應只被用來完成它預期完成的目的，并且也只能通過預期的使用方法來使用它。座椅并非墊腳用的凳子，轉(zhuǎn)椅也不是手推車。file cabinet dr

29、awers should be closed when not in use.文件柜的抽屜在不使用時應當關好。the bottom file drawers shall be kept full so that they may serve as an anchor to stabilize the cabinets.if practicable, file cabinets should be fastened to the floor or wall or to each other to prevent tipping when the drawers are open.consider

30、ation should be given to floor loading when many file cabinets are centrally located.底層文件屜在裝滿的時候可以像錨一樣起到使整個文件柜穩(wěn)定的作用。如果可以的話，應當將文件柜固定與地面或墻壁，或多個文件柜互相固定，這樣可以防止抽屜打開時產(chǎn)生的傾斜。當多個文件柜被一起放置于房間中央時，應考慮地板負荷問題。employees should be trained to open only one file drawer at a time to prevent the file cabinet from capsiz

31、ing forward.應培養(yǎng)雇員在同一時間之打開一個抽屜的習慣，這樣可以防止文件柜傾覆。the drawers should be closed gently using the handle to avoid pinching any body part.應當用把手將抽屜輕輕關閉以免壓痛身體的任何部位。ladders or step stools should be used to access high shelves.當需要夠到高層的架子時，應使用梯子或腳凳。lower shelves should be loaded before upper shelves to improve s

32、tability. when unloading, the upper shelves should be cleared first.為增加穩(wěn)定性，裝載物品時應首先裝滿底層架子，然后再裝載高層架。再卸載物品時，應先清理上層物品。6.2work station ergonomics工作站的人體工程學1) seated posture坐姿 the backrest angle should be adjusted so that the hip-torso angle is about 120 degrees.應當調(diào)整靠背的角度以便使臀部與軀干之間保持大約120度角。 both feet sho

33、uld be flat on the floor or on a footrest with knees bent so that the upper to lower leg angle is somewhat greater than 90 degrees. 雙腳應平放地面或放于一擱腳板上，膝蓋彎曲，大腿與小腿間的角度略大于90度。 seated posture should be slightly reclined with thighs parallel to each other.大腿保持平行，坐姿應略微向后傾。 a symmetrical or balanced posture s

34、hould be maintained.weight should be kept evenly distributed. 應保持對稱和平衡的姿勢，全身重量平均分配。 the height of the chairs backrest should be adjusted to support the natural inward curve in the lumbar area, or lower spine.應當調(diào)整座椅靠背的高度，使其能支承腰部，或者說下脊柱部位的天然內(nèi)彎曲線。2) neck & shoulders頸部和肩部 shoulders and neck should be re

35、laxed.arms should hang naturally from the shoulders.肩部和頸部應得到放松。兩臂從肩膀向下自然下垂。 the neck should be kept straight or slightly forward.頸部應保持挺直或略微前伸。 cradling a telephone handset on the shoulder should be avoided, especially while typing.應避免用肩部夾住電話聽筒接電話，尤其是在打字的時候。 shoulders should not be hunched.不要聳肩。3) vi

36、sion 視覺 light sources should be either shielded or indirect to avoid glare.vdts should be positioned at an angle to, and not directly facing or backing onto windows or walls. they should be positioned between, rather than under rows of light.為避免強光，光源應加裝光罩，或者進行間接照射。vdts的放置應當有個角度，而不是直接面對或背對窗戶或墻壁。它們應當被

37、放置在光線之間，而不是在光線的照射之下。 an occasional shift of focus to distant objects is recommended in order to reduce eyestrain.建議時常將雙眼移開，注視遠處的物體，這樣可以減輕眼睛疲勞。 glare can be detected by turning the monitor off while noting whether clothing is reflected on the screen.通過將顯示器關閉并同時注意是否在屏幕上反射光罩的方法可以檢測出顯示器是否存在閃爍。 stark con

38、trasts between adjacent surfaces should be avoided.應避免相鄰的兩個工作平臺之間形成強烈反差。 the monitor screen should be kept clean of dust and fingerprints.顯示屏應保持清潔，沒有塵土和指紋。 characters on the screen should be clear and stable without any flickering.屏幕上的字符應是清晰、穩(wěn)定的，沒有任何的跳動。 avoid light blue or red text.use dark text on

39、 a light background.避免不恰當?shù)纳蚀钆?。在顯示屏上盡量使用白底黑字。 the brightness and contract controls should be used to adjust the screen comfortably.運用亮度和對比度控制功能來調(diào)整屏幕，使其看起來更舒適。 lighting levels should be between 300 and 500 lux.照明亮度應介于300到500 lux之間。 vision should be checked annually.應每年檢查一次視力。 bifocal users should con

40、sider single vision or progressive lenses.雙光眼鏡使用者應考慮使用單一視覺或更先進的眼鏡。6.3visual display terminals (vdts)視頻顯示終端（vdts） the recent increase in computer-based systems has resulted in the widespread use of visual display terminals, vdts, in the office environment. this has raised health concerns amongst some

41、 users who have considerable exposure.近期計算機工作系統(tǒng)的增加導致了視頻顯示終端（vdts）在辦公領域內(nèi)的廣泛應用。這引起了對那些長時間在電腦前工作的用戶健康狀況的擔心。 extensive research has been carried out into the health aspects of vdts and it has been established that most of the symptoms described by users are the result of musculoskeletal strain.radiation

42、 emissions from vdts are negligible and do not represent a health hazard.目前已經(jīng)有了對于vdts對人體健康影響的廣泛研究，結(jié)論已經(jīng)做出，即前述用戶所描述的大多數(shù)癥狀是由肌肉骨骼疲勞引起的。vdts產(chǎn)生的輻射是微不足道的，不會對健康構(gòu)成威脅。 bodily fatigue results from bad working posture.this may be related to ergonomic aspects of furniture design, equipment set-up, improper light

43、ing, work design, or work habits.不良的工作姿勢會導致身體疲勞。這與辦公用具的人體工學設計、設備的安裝、不良的光線照明、工作安排或工作習慣都有關系。 in order to minimize injury or discomfort while working at a vdt it is recommended that users learn how to adjust their workstations, use appropriate postures, vary their tasks, and take frequent rest breaks.為

44、了將在vdt前工作而帶來的傷害和不適減至最小，我們建議用戶學習如何調(diào)整他們的工作臺，如何運用適當?shù)淖藙?，如何豐富他們的工作任務，以及如何經(jīng)常進行休息。 general recommendations for vdt users 對vdt用戶的一般建議 the height of the chair or work surfaces must be adjustable to allow adequate thigh clearance under the work surface.座椅或工作平臺的高度必須是可調(diào)節(jié)的，以便在工作平臺之下為大腿提供適當?shù)目臻g。 the work surface s

45、hould be adjusted so that shoulders are relaxed and not hunched up when using the keyboard.arms should hang straight down from the shoulders maintaining the elbows at about a 90-degree angle.keyboard trays can be added to existing furniture to achieve this, if necessary. 應對工作平臺進行調(diào)整以便在使用鍵盤時使肩膀放松而不必聳肩

46、。雙臂自然下垂并在與肘部形成90度角。為做到這一點，如果有必要，可以在已有的辦公用具上加裝鍵盤托盤。 the height of the monitor (as well as source documents) should be set so that its top is about 7.5 - 13 centimeters below eye level.顯示器（以及源文件）的高度應位于水平視線下方約7.5至13公分處。 in general, viewing distance should be between 46 - 60 centimeters.however, larger

47、monitor screens may require distances up to 90 centimeters.在通常情況下，視線距離應在46-60公分之間。不過，大一些的顯示器會要求視線距離保持在90公分以上。 the monitor screen and source documents should be equidistant from the eye.a document holder can be used to maintain proper position and viewing distance of source documents.顯示屏和源文件與眼睛的距離應當相

48、同?？梢允褂梦募屑軄砉潭ㄔ次募暮线m位置及視線距離。 the monitor screen should be positioned and tilted to avoid glare.the line of sight from the eyes to the screen should be parallel to the light source.為避免閃爍現(xiàn)象，應對顯示屏進行定位并保持一定傾斜度。由眼睛抵達屏幕的視線應與光源保持平行。 tasks should be varied throughout the day, especially those involving simil

49、ar and repetitive movements.應使貫穿一整天的工作多樣化，特別是那些涉及相似或重復動作的工作。 short breaks (10 to 30 second) should be taken every 30 minutes with longer breaks every 2 hours.these should included movement and stretching.每工作30分鐘應稍事休息（10至30秒鐘）。每工作2小時，休息時間應當更長。這種休息應包括做簡單的運動和伸展動作。 avoid fixed or static postures for len

50、gthy periods.避免長時間保持固定或靜止的姿勢。 avoid awkward postures or inconvenient reaches.避免不恰當?shù)淖藙莼蚝苜M力地夠取物品。 maintain good health.保持良好的健康狀況。 get plenty of rest and exercise.得到充足的休息和鍛煉。 take an ergonomic awareness class.參加講解人體工學的課程。 be conscious of aches and pains, and their sources.對自己的疼痛及其根源保持清醒的頭腦。 report pain

51、 or discomfort to your immediate supervisor.將疼痛或不適即時告知自己的主管。7.0office safety dos and donts辦公室安全事項do report all injuries immediately to your supervisor no matter how trivial it seems.應該 無論看來多么輕微，也要將自己的傷病立即告知主管。do notlean out from the chair to pick up objects on the floor. this is one of the common ca

52、uses of falling accidents.不應 從座椅上傾身去撿拾地板上的物品。這是跌傷事故的一個常見原因。do not lean back in the chair and place your feet on the table.this is one of the common causes of falling accidents. 不應 背靠座椅，雙腳放在辦公桌上。這是跌傷事故的一個常見原因。do notstand on a chair to reach an overhead object. use a proper ladder or stool.不應 為夠取一個高過頭

53、頂?shù)奈锲范驹谝巫由?。你應使用合適的梯子或凳子。do notattempt to make electrical repairs.不應 試圖進行電氣方面的修理。do notuse electric extension cords with switch socket outlets or plug tops with the wrong ratings or unapproved types.electric cords, telephone wires and floor-mounted outlets should be properly laid out, installed and i

54、nspected for defects.不應 在開關插座上使用外接分線，或使用額定值不符或未經(jīng)認證的插頭。電線、電話線和置于地面的插座應合理安排、正確安裝和檢測是否存在缺陷。do avoid littering; wipe up spilled liquids immediately, pick-up paper clips, rubber bands, pencils and other loose objects as soon they are spotted.應該 防止亂丟廢棄物；即時清除傾濺的液體。一旦紙夾、橡皮圈、鉛筆和其他零散的物品弄臟了地面，就把它們立刻撿拾起來。avoid

55、exchange of jokes while using the stairs and do not congregate on stairs or landings.避免 在上下樓梯時邊走邊說笑而沒有將注意力放在樓梯平臺上。do use the handrails when using the stairs.應該 上下樓梯時使用扶手do notthrow lighted matches and cigarette butts into wastebaskets. use the ashtrays.where smoking is permitted, use ashtrays. obey all“no smoking” signs.不應 將燃燒著的火柴和煙頭丟進廢紙籃。使用煙灰缸。只能在允許吸煙的地方使用它。遵守所有的“禁止吸煙”標志。do notblock the location of fire fighting equipment.determine the locat