植物纖維形態(tài)對紙張性能的影響

1、Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 1 Tianjin University of Science & Technology ( (二二) )纖維形態(tài)及其與紙張性質(zhì)的關(guān)系纖維形態(tài)及其與紙張性質(zhì)的關(guān)系 纖維形態(tài)纖維形態(tài)包括纖維的包括纖維的長度、寬度、壁厚、長度、寬度、壁厚、 腔徑腔徑等基本形態(tài)指標(biāo)外，還包括等基本形態(tài)指標(biāo)外，還包括長寬比、長寬比、 壁腔比以及纖維的粗度壁腔比以及纖維的粗度等。等。 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 2 Tianjin University of

2、 Science & Technology nni i L Li i 數(shù)量平均長度數(shù)量平均長度 = = n ni i nni i L Li i2 2 質(zhì)量平均長度質(zhì)量平均長度 nni i L Li i n ni i L Li i3 3 二重質(zhì)均纖維長二重質(zhì)均纖維長 = = n ni i L Li i2 2 n ni : i : 某級分中纖維數(shù)目； 某級分中纖維數(shù)目； L Li i： ： 某級分中纖維平均長。 某級分中纖維平均長。 1 1纖維的長度（書纖維的長度（書3838頁）頁） Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 3 Tianjin

3、 University of Science & Technology 2 2纖維形態(tài)的頻率分布纖維形態(tài)的頻率分布 n n 分布頻率分布頻率 X 100(%) X 100(%) n n 將纖維按不同長度（或?qū)挾龋┑拇笮》旨?，計算將纖維按不同長度（或?qū)挾龋┑拇笮》旨?，計?每一級分纖維根數(shù)占纖維總數(shù)量的百分比例，可每一級分纖維根數(shù)占纖維總數(shù)量的百分比例，可 得數(shù)量分布頻率或質(zhì)量分布頻率。得數(shù)量分布頻率或質(zhì)量分布頻率。 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 4 Tianjin University of Science & Technolo

4、gy Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 5 Tianjin University of Science & Technology ( (二二) )纖維形態(tài)及其與紙張性質(zhì)的關(guān)系纖維形態(tài)及其與紙張性質(zhì)的關(guān)系 纖維長度纖維長度 1 1長寬比長寬比= -= - 纖維寬度纖維寬度 長寬比大的纖維，成紙時單位面積中纖維之間相互長寬比大的纖維，成紙時單位面積中纖維之間相互 交織的次數(shù)多，纖維分布細(xì)密，成紙強度高，交織的次數(shù)多，纖維分布細(xì)密，成紙強度高，特別是特別是撕撕 裂度、裂斷長、耐折度裂度、裂斷長、耐折度等強度指標(biāo)等強度指標(biāo)。（書。（書39頁

5、表頁表1-19） 一般認(rèn)為長寬比小于一般認(rèn)為長寬比小于45的原料，應(yīng)用價值很低。的原料，應(yīng)用價值很低。 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 6 Tianjin University of Science & Technology 2 2壁腔比壁腔比 2 X 2 X 細(xì)胞單壁厚度細(xì)胞單壁厚度 壁腔比壁腔比 = = 細(xì)胞腔直徑細(xì)胞腔直徑 Cell wall thickness Width Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 7 Tianjin University of Scie

6、nce & Technology 2 X 2 X 細(xì)胞單壁厚度細(xì)胞單壁厚度 剛性系數(shù)剛性系數(shù) = = X100 X100 纖維直徑纖維直徑 細(xì)胞腔直徑細(xì)胞腔直徑 柔性系數(shù)柔性系數(shù) = = X100 X100 纖維直徑纖維直徑 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 8 Tianjin University of Science & Technology 纖維的壁腔比不同，則它們的柔軟程度不同。壁腔纖維的壁腔比不同，則它們的柔軟程度不同。壁腔 比?。蠢w維的柔軟性好）的纖維，成紙時纖維間的接比小（即纖維的柔軟性好）的纖維，成紙時纖維間的接

7、觸面積較大，故結(jié)合力強，成紙的強度高；反之，壁腔觸面積較大，故結(jié)合力強，成紙的強度高；反之，壁腔 比大的纖維則較僵硬，成紙時纖維間的接觸面積較小，比大的纖維則較僵硬，成紙時纖維間的接觸面積較小， 結(jié)合力小，成紙的強度差。結(jié)合力小，成紙的強度差。 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 9 Tianjin University of Science & Technology 壁腔比壁腔比1 1 1 為劣等原料。為劣等原料。 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 10 Tianjin

8、University of Science & Technology 圖：理想的纖維結(jié)構(gòu)圖：理想的纖維結(jié)構(gòu) 厚壁纖維厚壁纖維A A與薄壁纖與薄壁纖 維比較。維比較。 制漿造紙工程大全制漿造紙工程大全P19P19 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 11 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Paper on Close Examination Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 12 Tianjin University of

9、Science & Technology 3 3纖維的粗度纖維的粗度(Coarseness)(Coarseness) 每每 1 0 0 m1 0 0 m 長 度 的 絕 干 纖 維 的 質(zhì) 量長 度 的 絕 干 纖 維 的 質(zhì) 量 ( m g )( m g ) ， 用， 用 decigrex(dg)decigrex(dg)表示。表示。 W=30 CWT=5 W=40 CWT=5 W=30 CWT=10 W=40 CWT=10 Increasing Coarseness mg/m Relative amount of material in fibre Chapter 1 The Composi

10、tion and Structure of Wood 13 Tianjin University of Science & Technology 纖維粗度大于纖維粗度大于30dg30dg的紙漿，造紙的紙頁較的紙漿，造紙的紙頁較 粗糙，平滑度低；小于粗糙，平滑度低；小于10dg10dg者，紙頁細(xì)膩者，紙頁細(xì)膩 ，平滑度好，但是裂斷長、耐破度、撕裂，平滑度好，但是裂斷長、耐破度、撕裂 度及耐折度下降。度及耐折度下降。 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 14 Tianjin University of Science & Technolo

11、gy 4. 4. 纖維的卷曲因子（纖維的卷曲因子（Form factor Form factor 或或 Curl IndexCurl Index） D L Form factor = D/L Curl Index = L/D - 1 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 15 Tianjin University of Science & Technology 6. 6. 扭結(jié)指數(shù)（扭結(jié)指數(shù)（Kink index Kink index ） Measurement of angles Reported according to Kibbl

12、ewhites kink index formula Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 16 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Principle of mechanical refining. Wood chips are fed into the refining zone where they are disintegrated between two grooved discs of which at least one is revolving. 纖維的扭結(jié)纖維的扭結(jié) 是

13、指由于纖是指由于纖 維細(xì)胞壁受維細(xì)胞壁受 損而產(chǎn)生的損而產(chǎn)生的 突然而生硬突然而生硬 的轉(zhuǎn)折。的轉(zhuǎn)折。 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 17 Tianjin University of Science & Technology 扭結(jié)指數(shù)可用單位長度上扭結(jié)平均個數(shù)（個扭結(jié)指數(shù)可用單位長度上扭結(jié)平均個數(shù)（個/mm） 或單根纖維上扭結(jié)平均個數(shù)（個或單根纖維上扭結(jié)平均個數(shù)（個/單根纖維）表示。單根纖維）表示。 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 18 Tianjin Univer

14、sity of Science & Technology 定義：定義： 1）造紙原料中長度等于或小于0.2mm的纖維 2）造紙原料中通過纖維篩分儀的200目篩（0.074mm）的 纖維 來源：來源： 1）初級細(xì)小纖維：木材中原有的小顆粒，如切斷的纖維、 導(dǎo)管分子、紋孔、射線細(xì)胞和薄壁組織細(xì)胞（量少）； 2）二次細(xì)小纖維：漿料在生產(chǎn)和后續(xù)的抄造過程中通過機 械處理產(chǎn)生的纖維壁碎片（量多）。 6.6.細(xì)小纖維（細(xì)小纖維（fines)fines) Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 19 Tianjin University of Scie

15、nce & Technology 影響影響 1）紙機的運行過程，比如留著、濾水、白水回收系 統(tǒng)、助劑效用、干燥速度等； 2）紙張的性能，比如紙張結(jié)構(gòu)、物理強度性能、光 學(xué)性能、印刷性能等。 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 20 Tianjin University of Science & Technology ( (三三) )纖維形態(tài)測定纖維形態(tài)測定 1 1纖維的長、寬度測定纖維的長、寬度測定 臺式投影儀進(jìn)行；臺式投影儀進(jìn)行； Kajaani FS Kajaani FS （100/200/300100/200/300）型纖維質(zhì)量

16、自動測量儀；）型纖維質(zhì)量自動測量儀； 纖維質(zhì)量分析儀（纖維質(zhì)量分析儀（FQAFQA） FibermasterFibermaster/Fibertester/Fibertester Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 21 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 22 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Chapter 1 The Composit

17、ion and Structure of Wood 23 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Kajaani 100Kajaani 100纖維分析儀工作原理圖纖維分析儀工作原理圖 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 24 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Kajaani 300 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 25 Tianjin University of Scienc

18、e & Technology Optics Module Sample out Capillary Sample in Fibre detector Detector light source (Laser) Polarizers Measurement (CCD-camera) Measurement light source LED Optics body Sample loop樣品回路樣品回路 漏斗漏斗 毛細(xì)管毛細(xì)管 排出排出 Detection loop檢測回路檢測回路 激光激光 1 1st st 偏振器 偏振器 毛細(xì)管毛細(xì)管 2 2nd nd 偏振器 偏振器 纖維檢測器纖維檢測器 M

19、easurement loop測量回路測量回路 發(fā)光二極管發(fā)光二極管 毛細(xì)管毛細(xì)管 CCD CCD 照相機照相機 MeasurementMeasurement測量測量 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 26 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Fibermaster Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 27 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Fibertester Chap

20、ter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 28 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Fiber Quality Analysis OpTest Equipment Inc. Hawkesbury, ON Canada Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 29 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 3

21、0 Tianjin University of Science & Technology (四)纖維粗度和細(xì)胞壁厚 對紙張性能的影響 Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 31 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Wet Fiber Flexibility Paavilainen, L., Importance of coarseness and fiber length in papermaking. Tappi International Process and Product Qu

22、ality Conference, 10/1988. pp. 99 - 109. Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 32 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Apparent Sheet Density Paavilainen, L., Importance of coarseness and fiber length in papermaking. Tappi International Process and Product Quality Conference, 10/1988

23、. pp. 99 - 109. Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 33 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tensile strength Paavilainen, L., Importance of crossdimensional fiber properties and coarseness for the characterization of softwood sulphate pulp. Paperi ja Puu vol. 75, 5 (1993), pp. 343

24、- 351. Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 34 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Wet Fiber Flexibility Paavilainen, L., Wet fiber flexibility and collapsibility of softwood pulp fibres. Paperi ja Puu 75(1993)9-10, pp. 689 - 702. Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 35

25、Tianjin University of Science & Technology Surma-Slusarska, B., Surewitz, W., The effect of chemical composition and anatomical structure of wood on the yield and properties of kraft pulps. Cellulose Chemistry Technology, 15, 1981, pp. 77 - 97. Apparent Sheet Density Chapter 1 The Composition and St

26、ructure of Wood 36 Tianjin University of Science & Technology Paavilainen, L., Influence of morphological properties of wood fibres on sulphate pulp fiber and paper properties. Proceedings of International Paper Physics Conference held in Kona, Hawaii, 9/1991, p. 383 - 395. Tensile strength Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood 37 Tianjin University of Science & Technology ( (二二) )纖維形態(tài)及其與紙張性質(zhì)的關(guān)系纖維形態(tài)及其與紙張性質(zhì)的關(guān)系 纖維形態(tài)纖維形態(tài)包括纖維的包括纖維的長度、寬度、壁厚、長度、寬度、壁厚、 腔徑腔徑等