母豬微量元素的應(yīng)用實(shí)踐精編版

1、 2 母豬微量元素缺乏問題 母豬微量元素缺乏會導(dǎo)致肢蹄病的發(fā)生率和淘汰率增高 3 母豬微量元素缺乏導(dǎo)致的皮膚角質(zhì)化母豬微量元素缺乏導(dǎo)致的皮膚角質(zhì)化 4 Joint Samples from Experimental Farms 5 骨軟化癥 Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer, 1993. Pathology of Domestic Animals. 6 豬骨軟化癥與軟骨生長板異常 有關(guān) 正常生正常生長長板板骨骨軟軟化癥生化癥生長長板板 Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer, 1993. Pathology of Domestic Animals. 7 Agend

2、a 母豬微量元素缺乏的表現(xiàn) 妊娠期胚胎對微量元素的需求妊娠期胚胎對微量元素的需求 母豬微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾 螯合有機(jī)微量元素在母豬中的應(yīng)用 8 Days of Gestation Fe Trace mineral deposition in Fetus mg Adapted from Ma, 2011 礦物質(zhì)在胚胎的沉積礦物質(zhì)在胚胎的沉積 妊娠天數(shù) 鐵和鋅 9 Days of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus mg Adapted from Ma, 2011 礦物質(zhì)在胚胎的沉積礦物質(zhì)在胚胎的沉積 錳錳,毫克毫克 妊娠天數(shù) 10 Day

3、s of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus g Adapted from Ma, 2011 礦物質(zhì)在胚胎的沉積礦物質(zhì)在胚胎的沉積 硒硒,微克微克 妊娠天數(shù) 11 Days of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus mg Adapted from Ma, 2011 銅銅,毫克毫克 礦物質(zhì)在胚胎的沉積礦物質(zhì)在胚胎的沉積 妊娠天數(shù) 12 TM in whole litter during gestation Adapted from Ma, 2011 Day of gestation 妊娠天數(shù)妊

4、娠天數(shù) 43587391101108115 Cu, mg3.0310.1715.2419.4533.1441.0755.35 Fe, mg6.1233.9121.6285.1394.9609.4705.9 Mn, mg0.050.561.683.864.696.457.48 Zn, mg3.4423.057.8117.6178.4241.3281.7 Se, mg0.020.140.420.901.442.132.49 微量元素在妊娠期中沉積的總量微量元素在妊娠期中沉積的總量 13 Trace minerals change in maternal liver Day of gestation

5、 Element s 43587391101108OpenP-value* Cu, mg72.6114.390.760.461.988.466.0 0.03C Fe, mg333326321305339313475 0.69 Mn, mg3.033.083.212.913.102.912.90 0.51 Zn, mg134114143100135138172 0.48 Se, mg 1.291.241.251.261.351.301.25 0.55 *Note: L: linear response, Q: quadratic response, C: cubic response Miner

6、al analyzed by ICP-MS 妊娠期間微量元素在母體肝臟中的變化妊娠期間微量元素在母體肝臟中的變化 妊娠天數(shù) 14 Agenda 母豬微量元素缺乏的表現(xiàn) 妊娠期胚胎對微量元素的需求 母豬微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾母豬微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾 螯合有機(jī)微量元素在母豬中的應(yīng)用 15 母豬為什么容易出現(xiàn)微量元母豬為什么容易出現(xiàn)微量元 素缺乏？素缺乏？ 首先說明是高產(chǎn)母豬首先說明是高產(chǎn)母豬 母豬在胎兒發(fā)育和泌乳過程中動用了自身的微量元素母豬在胎兒發(fā)育和泌乳過程中動用了自身的微量元素 妊娠母豬日糧是高纖維和高植酸磷，影響微量元素吸收妊娠母豬日糧是高纖維和高植酸磷，影響微量元素吸收 隨著母

7、豬胎齡的增加隨著母豬胎齡的增加 體重增大，維持需要也增大體重增大，維持需要也增大 16 礦礦物物質(zhì)質(zhì) Mineral 泌乳需求泌乳需求 Milk demand1 攝攝入入 Intake2 需要的利用效率需要的利用效率 Required efficiency3 (g or mg/day)(g or mg/day)(%) 銅銅 Copper (mg)1826.368 鐵鐵 Iron (mg)274206 錳錳 Manganese (mg)11051 硒硒Selenium (mg)0.30.837 鋅鋅 Zinc (mg)7026327 1 Calculated assuming an averag

8、e milk production of 10 kg/day and with average milk mineral concentrations derived from Park et al. (1994), and Mahan (2000). 2 Assuming a daily feed intake of 5.25 kg (NRC, 1998). 3 Minimum dietary mineral utilization efficiency required for milk production. 泌乳母豬微量泌乳母豬微量礦礦物物質(zhì)質(zhì)日日攝攝入入 和需求和需求計(jì)計(jì)算算值值Ca

9、lculated daily mineral intakes and demands for lactating sows (Cont.) (Richards and Close, 2001) 16 17 后后備備母豬和繁殖母豬血清和肝母豬和繁殖母豬血清和肝臟臟中中鋅鋅， ， 鐵鐵和和銅濃銅濃度的比度的比較較 A comparison of concentrations of zinc, iron & copper in serum and liver from gilts and sows (Richards and Close, 2001) 18 (%) 第三胎次母豬 VS 非妊娠母豬，同

10、年齡 3rd Litter Sows compared to Non-Gravid, Same Age 繁殖母豬繁殖母豬漸進(jìn)漸進(jìn)式脫式脫礦礦變變化化 Progressive demineralization of reproducing sows % change (Mahan and Newton, 1995. as adapted from Boyd, 2004) 19 妊娠和泌乳母豬妊娠和泌乳母豬 微量礦物質(zhì)需求的變化 Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 20 妊娠和泌乳母豬微量礦物質(zhì)需妊娠和泌乳母豬微量礦物質(zhì)需

11、求的變化求的變化 Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 銅 Copper (Cu) in NRC (1998) 妊娠期 Gestation 泌乳期 Lactation Requirements 銅銅 Copper (mg)5.05.0 妊娠期 Gestation 泌乳期 Lactation Requirements 銅銅 Copper (mg) 10.020.0 銅 Copper (Cu) in NRC (2012) 21 錳 Manganese (Mn) in NRC (1998) 妊娠期 Gestation 泌乳期 L

12、actation Requirements 錳錳 Manganese (mg) 20.020.0 妊娠期 Gestation 泌乳期 Lactation Requirements 錳錳 Manganese (mg) 25.025.0 錳 Manganese (Mn) in NRC (2012) Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 22 鋅 Zinc (Zn) in NRC (1998) 妊娠期 Gestation 泌乳期 Lactation Requirements 鋅鋅 Zinc (mg)50.050.0 妊娠期 Ge

13、station 泌乳期 Lactation Requirements 鋅鋅 Zinc (mg) 100.0100.0 鋅 Zinc (Zn) in NRC (2012) 妊娠和泌乳母豬微量礦物質(zhì)需求妊娠和泌乳母豬微量礦物質(zhì)需求 的變化的變化 Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 23 中國母豬微量中國母豬微量礦礦物物質(zhì)質(zhì)需求需求 Sow Mineral Requirement in China ChinaNRC 2012NRC 1998 妊娠期 Gestation 泌乳期 Lactation 妊娠期 Gestation 泌

14、乳期 Lactation 妊娠期 Gestation 泌乳期 Lactation 銅銅 Copper, ppm 5.05.0 10205.05.0 (35)(35) 鐵鐵 Iron, ppm 7580 80808080 (750)(750) 錳錳Manganese, ppm 1820.5 25252020 (150)(150) 鋅鋅 Zinc, ppm 4551 1001005050 (150)(150) 硒硒 Selenium, ppm 0.140.15 0.150.150.150.15 (0.5)(0.5) ()上限 ( ) upper limitation 23 24 An attemp

15、t to address the needs of sows in a commercial operation with higher vitamins and trace minerals 商業(yè)母豬使用高水平維生素和微量元素的嘗試商業(yè)母豬使用高水平維生素和微量元素的嘗試 25 2002 data (25,571 Litters) Age related reduction of litter-size in parity 4 to 11 sows 第第4-第第11胎母豬與年齡相關(guān)的下降趨勢胎母豬與年齡相關(guān)的下降趨勢 (Adapted from Boyd, 2004) 26 (Adapted

16、 from Boyd, 2004) Age related death loss in sows 與母豬年齡相關(guān)的死亡損失 27 Calculated by Boyd and Fakler from 2002 PIC USA ADFI. (Adapted from Boyd, 2004) Example of declining vitamin-TM intake with advancing reproductive age 高產(chǎn)期母豬維生素高產(chǎn)期母豬維生素-微量元素?cái)z入量下降微量元素?cái)z入量下降 28 Response to micro-nutrient equalization 微量營養(yǎng)素

17、平衡效應(yīng) (Adapted from Boyd, 2004) 29 (Adapted from Boyd, 2004) Response to micro-nutrient equalization 微量營養(yǎng)素平衡效應(yīng) 30 9.3 8.7 1.44 PSY weaned (Adapted from Boyd, 2004) Average litter-size response to corrected micro- nutrient intake 窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)與校正微量營養(yǎng)素?cái)z入的關(guān)系窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)與校正微量營養(yǎng)素?cái)z入的關(guān)系 31 Conclusions: 結(jié)論 Sow micronutrient

18、needs should be altered to account for increasing sow weight with advancing age. 母豬的微量營養(yǎng)素的需求應(yīng)隨著高產(chǎn)期母豬 體重的增長相應(yīng)改變 32 Agenda 母豬微量元素缺乏的表現(xiàn) 妊娠期胚胎對微量元素的需求 母豬微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾 螯合有機(jī)微量元素在母豬中的應(yīng)用螯合有機(jī)微量元素在母豬中的應(yīng)用 33 試驗(yàn)2：高量鈣磷 Trial 2: Elevated Ca & P 試驗(yàn)1：正常鈣磷 Trial 1: Normal Ca & P Supplemental Zn Intake (mg) MINTREX Z

19、nSO4 斜率比RBV = 248% Supplemental Zn Intake (mg) MINTREX ZnSO4 斜率比RBV = 426% 螯合微量元素在有干螯合微量元素在有干擾擾的狀況下有更高的狀況下有更高 的生物學(xué)利用率的生物學(xué)利用率 MT mRNA MT mRNA Y = 1.82 + 0.92X1 + 2.28X2Y = 0.41 + 0.922X1 + 3.925X2 m1 vs. m2: P = 0.009m1 vs m2: P = 0.004 鋅的攝入量，鋅的攝入量，mgmg Supplemental zinc intake, mg 鋅的攝入量，鋅的攝入量，mgmg S

20、upplemental zinc intake, mg 34 各種鋅源的生物利用率 35 母豬微量元素的研究母豬微量元素的研究難難度很大度很大 每每十年十年關(guān)于關(guān)于豬繁殖豬繁殖性能的性能的參考文獻(xiàn)參考文獻(xiàn) Swine Reproductive Citations by Decade 40s50s/60s70s80s90s 銅銅 Copper-112 碘碘 Iodine- 鐵鐵 Iron-533- 錳錳 Manganese -3121 鋅鋅 Zinc-312- 硒硒 Selenium-1923 36 Benefits of Mintrex Cu Better bioavailability Le

21、ss reactive (less oxidation) Better antibacterial function on lumen Better performance and profits 明微礦改善母豬繁殖性能 Mintrex improve sow reproduction and welfare 37 母豬試驗(yàn)：材料 與方法 兩個姊妹豬場，各飼養(yǎng)6400頭PIC母豬 相同的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)理、相同飼料廠及日糧，小母豬來源于同一種豬場 共16,000頭母豬，最高產(chǎn)胎數(shù)到7胎 兩個處理，ITM（無機(jī)微量）對照 vs. 明微礦 兩處理相同的礦物水平 礦物添加水平: Cu 16.5ppm, Zn 165ppm, Mn 38.6ppm (NRC: Cu 5ppm, Zn, 50ppm, Mn, 20ppm) 明微礦處理組 明微礦:無機(jī)微量為50:50 試驗(yàn)期：2007年4月-2010年4月 38 改善受胎率 受胎率明微礦對照組P value 總受胎率86.884.50.001 1胎86.483.60.001 2胎84.983.90.17 3胎87.785.80.01 4