SAP+分割評(píng)估.doc

1、SAP 分割評(píng)估 (Split Valuation) 功能的啟用同一物料的使用，既有“自制件”，又有“外購(gòu)件”。不管“自制件”、還是“外購(gòu)件”，其來(lái)源也將不同，如同一外購(gòu)件來(lái)自不同的供應(yīng)商，價(jià)格可能并不相同。簡(jiǎn)言之 : 對(duì)同一物料有不同的價(jià)值指派，即，在不同的條件下，同一物料可能有不同的價(jià)值 /格。將“自制件”和“外購(gòu)件”分成兩個(gè)物料編碼進(jìn)行管理，將是顯而易見(jiàn)的成本控制方法。卻違背 ERP 系統(tǒng)中的重要原則“一物一碼”原則。SAP 系統(tǒng)提供的“分割評(píng)估”（ Split Valuation) 功能是解決此類(lèi)問(wèn)題的完美解決方案。什么情況下將啟用“分割評(píng)估”呢？（ 1）自產(chǎn)的價(jià)值與外購(gòu)的價(jià)格不一樣；

2、（ 2）不同的制造商制造相同的物料，價(jià)格不同；（ 3）相同物料不同批次有不同的價(jià)格；（ 4）破損及維修后的物料與新的物料價(jià)值不一樣（ 5）其它同一物料價(jià)值不同的現(xiàn)象。為了簡(jiǎn)便說(shuō)明分割評(píng)估的作用，本文僅說(shuō)明“自制件”與“外購(gòu)件”成本不同，如何進(jìn)行成本核算管理的問(wèn)題。由于“分割評(píng)估”涉及技術(shù)部分更多，將主要步驟分享如下：一、后臺(tái)定義部分（ 1）激活“分割評(píng)估”功能；（ 2）定義“評(píng)估類(lèi)型”（ Valuation Type) （如本文中提到“自制件”、“外購(gòu)件”兩種評(píng)估類(lèi)型，并選擇相應(yīng)帳戶分類(lèi)參考參數(shù)（與評(píng)估類(lèi)相關(guān)），評(píng)估類(lèi)型是評(píng)估類(lèi)別的細(xì)分）；（ 3）定義“評(píng)估類(lèi)別”（ Valuation Cat

3、egory) （分割評(píng)估的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，將其中的評(píng)估類(lèi)型與相應(yīng)工廠激活）；（ 4）定義“評(píng)估區(qū)域”（ Valuation Area) （評(píng)估區(qū)域可以公司范圍內(nèi)，也可以在工廠范圍內(nèi)）二、前臺(tái)操作部分（ 1）定義物料主數(shù)據(jù)，將評(píng)估類(lèi)別定義在會(huì)計(jì)視圖中（其價(jià)格控制須選移動(dòng)平均價(jià) V）；（ 2）定義“評(píng)估類(lèi)型”為自制件的物料主數(shù)據(jù)（其評(píng)估級(jí)別與價(jià)格控制據(jù)需要填制）；（ 3）定義“評(píng)估類(lèi)型”為外購(gòu)件的物料主數(shù)據(jù)（其評(píng)估級(jí)別與價(jià)格控制據(jù)需要填制）；注：前臺(tái)操作第一步為第二步、第三步奠定基礎(chǔ)，起作用的將是各制帶評(píng)估類(lèi)別的物料。三、相關(guān)關(guān)聯(lián)部分（ 1）“評(píng)估類(lèi)型”分配給“評(píng)估類(lèi)別”，再與物料主數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)；（ 2）“評(píng)估

4、類(lèi)”（ Valuation Class) 分配給“物料類(lèi)型”（ Material Type), 再與物料主數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)；帶有分割評(píng)估的物料，在入庫(kù)、消耗、出庫(kù)等過(guò)程中，將與評(píng)估類(lèi)型（如本文中的自制件和外購(gòu)件）自動(dòng)關(guān)聯(lián)，進(jìn)而與各自的成本相關(guān)，實(shí)現(xiàn)同一物料不同成本的管理功能。SAP Split Valuation for MaterialsThe SAP R/3 System allows you to valuate stocks of a material either together or separately, that is, according to different valuatio

5、n criteria. Split valuation is necessary if, for example:1. Stock from in-house production has a different valuation price procured stock.than externally2. Stock obtained from one manufacturer is valuated at a different stock obtained from another manufacturer.price than3. Different batch stocks of

6、a material have different valuation prices.4. Value damaged and repair part differently froma new part.To used split valuation, you have to activate it using OMW0.To change split material valuation once ithas been set, you must1. first post out all stocks (for example, to a cost center or with movem

7、ent type 562)2. then change the control parameters3. if necessary, change the automatic account determination4. finally post the stocks back in againIn split valuation, you can distinguish between partial according to certain criteria and valuate them separately.stocks of a materialThe material stoc

8、k is divided according to valuation category and valuation type.The valuation category determines how the partial stocks are divided, that according to which criteria.is,The valuation type describes the characteristics of the individual stocks.With the function Setting you can determine:which valuat

9、ion categories exist in your company(global categories)which valuation types exist in your company (global types)which valuation types belong to which valuation categorywhich valuation categories exist in a valuation area (localcategories)Your entries are only relevant if you set split valuation asa

10、ctive in thefunctionGlobal settings.In the standard SAP R/3 System, the following valuation categories are default settings :B procurement typewith the valuation types:EIGEN for in-house productionFREMD for external procurementH OriginX automatic valuation (only for batch)To select split valuation (

11、OMWC), proceed as follows:1. Determine the valuation categories and valuation types that are allowed for valuation areas:allglobal valuation categories via menu Goto - Global Categoriesglobal valuation types via menu Goto - Global Types2. Allocate the valuation types to the valuation categories.a) S

12、elect Goto - Global Categories.b) Position the cursor on a valuation category and selectGoto - Global Categories - Assignments- Types-Category.c) Activate the valuation types you want.3. Determine the local valuation categories for each valuationarea.a) Select Goto - Local definitions.b) Position th

13、e cursor on a valuation area and selectGoto - Local Definitions - AllocateCategoires-Org.units(button Cats-(OU).You obtain a list of the global valuation categories.c) Activate the categories to be used in this valuation area.The system creates the local valuation types based on theallocationsunder

14、point 2.Only now can you create a master record with splitvaluation.Specifying Split Valuation by creating Material Subjectto Split Valuation1. Create a material master record, selecting theAccounting View 1.2. Enter your data as required on the Accounting data screen, specifying a valuation categor

15、y.(If you cant find the valuation category field, it might be hidden, use OMSR to define the Field Groups.Look for the field MBEW-BWTTY for Valuation category).3. Be sure that the price control indicator is V for moving average price and enter a moving average price.4. In the case of split valuation

16、, you can create only one valuation header record with price control V because theindividual stockvalues are cumulated, and thistotal value is written to thevaluation header record.This is where theindividual stocksof a material are managed cumulatively. To dothis, fill in theValuation category fiel

17、d on the accountingscreen when you create the material masterrecord and leave the Valuationtype field blank.5.Save your data and the system creates the valuationheader record.6.The initial screen appears.7.Extend the material by creating new material masterrecords from theAccounting view 1. For the

18、first material, specify avaluation type in the Organizational Levels dialogbox and enter therespective accounting data on the data screen.Proceed likewise for the other materials,distinguishing between them byvaluation type.To do this, call up the material increation mode again. Due tothe fact that

19、a valuation header record exists,the system requires you to enter a valuationtype for the valuation category.8.Repeat step seven for every valuation typeplanned.You want to valuate the stock of material XYZ that you obtain from manufacturer A in Los Angeles at a different price than the stock you ob

20、tain from manufacturer B in Detroit. In this case, the valuation category is H for origin. Your valuation types can be LOS ANGELES and DETROIT.If a material is subject to split valuation, every quantity (sub-stock) of this must be assigned to a valuation type (for example, country of origin).materia

21、lFor every valuation type, there are two types of data in the system,as follows:Valuation data (for example, valuation price, total stock quantity, total stockvalue), which is defined for every valuation type at valuation-area level and applies to all dependent storage locations.Stock data, which, l

22、ike batch data, is managed separately for each storage location. If a material that is subject to split valuation is also subject to management in batches, its stock data is not managed by valuation type, but rather by batch. Every batch is assigned to a valuation type.The stock quantity, stock value, and valuation price for allvaluation typesaremanaged cumulatively at valuation-area level.Must the Valuation Type Exist Before the First Goods Rece