中級經(jīng)濟師考試經(jīng)濟基礎復習重點

1、專業(yè)好文檔2013年中級經(jīng)濟師考試經(jīng)濟基礎復習重點一、物權的概念和特征(一)物權的概念物權是特定社會人與人之間對物的占有關系在法律上的表現(xiàn)，是法律確認的主體對物依法享有的支配權利，即權利人在法定范圍內(nèi)直接支配一定的物，并排斥他人干涉的權利。(二)物權的特征1、物權與債權的聯(lián)系(1)物權和債權構成了市場經(jīng)濟社會的最基本的財產(chǎn)權利。(2)在商品經(jīng)濟條件下，人和財產(chǎn)的結合表現(xiàn)為物權，當財產(chǎn)進入流通領域之后，在不同主體之間的交換則體現(xiàn)為債權。主體享有物權是交換的前提，交換過程則表現(xiàn)為債權，交換的結果往往導致物權的讓渡和移轉。2、物權與債權的區(qū)別(1)物權是絕對權(對世權);債權是相對權(對*)物權的權

2、利主體是特定的，而義務主體是權利人之外的不特定的一切人。債權的權利主體和義務主體都是特定的，債權人的請求權只對特定的債務人發(fā)生效力。(2)物權屬于支配權;債權屬于請求權物權的權利人不必依賴他人的幫助就能行使其權利。債權的權利人一般不直接支配一定的物，而是請求債務人依照債的規(guī)定履行義務，即債權必須有相對的義務人給予協(xié)助方可順利實現(xiàn)。(3)物權是法定的，物權的設定采用法定主義;物權的種類和基本內(nèi)容由法律規(guī)定，不允許當事人自由創(chuàng)設物權種類。債權特別是合同債權，主要由當事人自由確定。(4)物權的客體一般為物物權的標的一般是特定物、獨立物、有體物。【注】行為、智力成果和人身利益均不能成為物權的客體。債權

3、一般直接指向的是行為，而間接涉及物。在債權關系存續(xù)期間，債權人一般不直接占有債務人的財產(chǎn)，只有在債務人交付財產(chǎn)以后，債權人才能直接支配物。(5)物權具有追及效力和優(yōu)先效力物權的追及效力。：物權的標的物無論輾轉流向何處，權利人均得追及于物之所在地行使其權利，依法請求不法占有人返還原物。:債權原則上不具有追及的效力。債權的標的物在沒有移轉所有權之前，債務人非法轉讓并由第三人占有時，債權人不得請求物的占有人返還財產(chǎn)，只能請求債務人履行債務和承擔違約責任。物權的優(yōu)先效力。：當物權與債權并存時，物權優(yōu)先于債權?！咀ⅰ课餀鄡?yōu)于債權不是絕對的，如“買賣不破租賃”原則，是指租賃物交付后的租賃權不因租賃物所有權

4、的轉移或其他物權的設定而受到影響。:同一標的物上存在著兩個或兩個以上內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)相同的物權時，成立在先的物權優(yōu)先于成立在后的物權。債權不具有這種對內(nèi)優(yōu)先的效力，在同一物上可以設立多個債權，各個債權都具有平等的效力，債權人在依法受償時都是平等的?！纠}1：多選】與債權相比，下列關于物權的特征表述正確的有()a物權是對*b物權是法定的c物權屬于支配權d物權的客體一般為物和行為e當物權與債權并存時，物權優(yōu)先于債權【答案】bce【例題2：2011年單選】關于物權與債權區(qū)別的說法，錯誤的是()。a.物權是支配權，債權是請求權b.物權為絕對權，債權為相對權c.物權不允許當事人自由創(chuàng)設，債權主要由當事人自由確

5、定d.物權具有優(yōu)先力與追及力，債權只有追及力【答案】d二、物權法的基本原則物權法的基本原則主要包括物權法定原則、一物一權原則和物權公示原則。1.物權法定原則物權法定原則，是指物權的種類、內(nèi)容、效力、得喪變更及其保護的方法均源自法律的直接規(guī)定，當事人不得自由地創(chuàng)設。2.一物一權原則一個特定的標的物上只有一個所有權。一個所有權的客體僅為一個獨立物，集合物原則上不能成為一個所有權的客體，而只能成為多個所有權的客體。同一物上不得設有兩個以上相互沖突和矛盾的物權。同一物之上可以并存數(shù)個不相矛盾的物權。例如所有權與他物權同時并存;在同一物之上設定數(shù)個不相矛盾的擔保權等。3.物權公示原則物權公示原則，是指民

6、事主體對物權的享有與變動均應采取可取信于社會公眾的外部表現(xiàn)方式的原則。物權公示原則的具體內(nèi)容包括：物權的公示方法必須由法律規(guī)定。物權法第6條規(guī)定：“不動產(chǎn)物權的設立、變更、轉讓和消滅，應當依照法律規(guī)定登記。動產(chǎn)物權的設立和轉讓，應當依照法律規(guī)定交付?！蔽餀喙镜男ЯΡ仨氂煞梢?guī)定。依照我國法律的規(guī)定，普通的動產(chǎn)一經(jīng)交付，便發(fā)生所有權轉移的后果;不動產(chǎn)的轉讓一經(jīng)辦理登記手續(xù)，便發(fā)生該不動產(chǎn)的所有權轉移的法律后果?！咀ⅰ繛榉乐挂环績少u的發(fā)生，我國物權法建立了“預告登記”制度。預告登記，是指為保全一項請求權而進行的不動產(chǎn)登記，該項請求權所要達到的目的，是在將來發(fā)生不動產(chǎn)物權變動?！咀?】物權法第20

7、條規(guī)定，“當事人簽訂買賣房屋或者其他不動產(chǎn)物權的協(xié)議，為保障將來實現(xiàn)物權，按照約定可以向登記機構申請預告登記。預告登記后，未經(jīng)預告登記的權利人同意，處分該不動產(chǎn)的，不發(fā)生物權效力。預告登記后，債權消滅或者自能夠進行不動產(chǎn)登記之日起三個月內(nèi)未申請登記的，預告登記失效。”【注2】傳統(tǒng)的不動產(chǎn)物權登記都是針對現(xiàn)實的不動產(chǎn)物權進行登記，而預告登記所登記的，不是不動產(chǎn)物權，而是目的在于將來發(fā)生不動產(chǎn)物權變動的請求權?！咀?】預告登記的本質(zhì)特征是使被登記的請求權具有物權的效力，也就是說，經(jīng)過預告登記之后的請求權，對后來發(fā)生的與該項請求權內(nèi)容相同的不動產(chǎn)物權的處分行為，具有對抗的效力。【例題3：2012年多

8、選】物權法的基本原則包括()。a.物權法定原則b.誠實信用原則c.平等自愿原則d.一物一權原則e.物權公示原則【答案】ade【例題4：多選題】甲向乙出售房屋并訂立買賣合同。雙方約定：乙應在一年內(nèi)分期支付完畢價款;甲先將房屋交付乙使用，一年后轉移所有權。房屋交付后，雙方前往房屋登記機構辦理了預告登記。下列表述中，正確的有()。a.乙已取得房屋所有權b.若甲未經(jīng)乙同意，將房屋另行出賣給丙，則甲、丙的買賣合同無效c.若甲未經(jīng)乙同意，將房屋另行出賣給丙，則該買賣行為不能發(fā)生物權效力d.若甲因為乙沒有按期支付價款而依法解除合同，則預告登記失效e.若乙自能夠進行不動產(chǎn)登記之日起三個月內(nèi)未申請登記的，預告登

9、記失效【答案】cde【解析】本題中，由于雙方?jīng)]有辦理正式的登記，因此乙并沒有取得房屋所有權，a選項錯誤;預告登記的作用在于使得權利人擅自處分不動產(chǎn)時不發(fā)生物權變動效力，而對合同的效力沒有影響，因此甲丙簽訂的買賣合同還是有效的，b選項錯誤，c選項正確;預告登記后債權消滅或者自能夠進行不動產(chǎn)登記之日起三個月內(nèi)未申請登記的，預告登記失效。d選項正確、e選項正確。winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lo

10、wer-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the openi

11、ng day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - w

12、ith a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up

13、there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he to

14、ld bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also

15、 ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happ

16、en as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmospher

17、e (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (cal

18、led the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not m

19、ake the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the ungl