2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧08觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推理與確定含解析202103052153

1、典型技巧08 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推理與確定【考情角度】考情分析這類試題常出現(xiàn)在環(huán)境保護(hù)類說明文中，此類文章往往是現(xiàn)象類說明文，這樣的說明文主題句常位于首段首句。在閱讀文章時(shí)應(yīng)先確定說明文的順序和方法，再瀏覽題干，結(jié)合題干要求在文中尋找答題線索，確定答案?？疾榻嵌瘸？疾橹髦即笠忸}、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題或?qū)懽饕鈭D題?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】(2018全國(guó)卷D)主題語(yǔ)境：環(huán)境保護(hù)We may think were a culture that gets rid of our technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows

2、 that we keep using our old devices (裝置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colle

3、agues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has since the early 1990s. Devices were by generation. Desk

4、top computers, basic mobile phones, and boxset TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and ereaders showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “Th

5、e livingroom television is replaced and gets in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house，” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them. Acco

6、rding to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution (解決方案)? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researc

7、hers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy co

8、nsumption by 44%.1.What does the author ？A. They are environmentfriendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.2.Why did ？A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D.

9、 To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3.Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The boxset TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle

10、 them.答案與解析：1.A2.D3.B4.A1.第一段最后一句提出舊設(shè)備比新設(shè)備更消耗能力，由此可知正確選項(xiàng)。2.第二段第一句就點(diǎn)出了該團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究目的。3.根據(jù)文章主旨(新設(shè)備消耗能源少)，結(jié)合尾段最后一句可知正確答案。4.根據(jù)主旨“新電子設(shè)備比舊電子設(shè)備環(huán)?！保Y(jié)合最后一段的解決方案，即可得出答案?！炯记舍屃x】分析措辭確定觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度速讀首段查找主題句，確定說明對(duì)象as引導(dǎo)的從句是主題句，說明舊設(shè)備要比新設(shè)備更消耗能量。(可解第1題)速讀全文查找說明順序和方法本文以提出現(xiàn)象分析現(xiàn)象提出解決辦法的順序呈現(xiàn)。第2段說明研究人員的研究目的和對(duì)電子產(chǎn)品的時(shí)代分類(可解第2題)第3段說明研究人員對(duì)新舊

11、電子產(chǎn)品耗能和溫室氣體排放的分析(可解第3題)提出解決方法研究人員對(duì)利用新設(shè)備耗能的探索結(jié)果(可解第4題)微技能觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題定位相關(guān)表感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)和句子，推斷作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度【詞匯積累】evolve vi.&vt.逐步形成；逐漸演變household n.家庭consumption n.消耗；消費(fèi)outdated adj.過時(shí)的group vt.將分類plant vt.穩(wěn)固地放置monitor n.顯示器，監(jiān)測(cè)儀track vt.追蹤；記錄double vi.加倍【技巧演練】（建議用時(shí)：45分鐘）1Modeste Traore has lived his whole life near Lake

12、 Wegnia, in the Sahel area of Mali. The lakes fish have provided him with a way to earn money to support his extended family. How-ever, because he cant catch enough fish to feed his family, he now raises farm animals. But as temperatures rise, evaporation increases, making the body of water shrinks.

13、 Studies have linked rising temperatures on Earths surface to climate change.The lake is shrinking, so are the chances of his children becoming fishermen. “If things go on like this, I dont think our children can become fishermen like us. They will have to choose other jobs,” the 56-year-old Traore

14、said. “During the rainy season, there is a lot of water but as soon as its over, there is no water left in the lake. We are fishermen. I dont think our children will be,” he said.Lake Wegnia is in the Sahel region of Koulikoro, around 120 kilometers north of Malis capital, Bamako. Some 12,000 people

15、, including fishermen and farmers, depend on it for food, water and employment. But the lake has shrunk by 20 percent since 2017.The UN expects temperatures there to increase 1.5 times higher than the average increase worldwide. UN officials note that the flooding and a severe lack of rainfall can c

16、ause problems in the Sahel: Food insecurity, the fight over farmland and the fast population growth can lead to conflict.Aid group is leading the Eco-Lac Wegnia project. The group is working to improve water management and fight the effects of global warming. Moussa Savagodo is Eco-Lac Wegnias local

17、 representative. He says that failing to make changes quickly can mean the lake will disappear completely in less than 5 years.People in the rural areas Wegnia and Kononi-Sirakoro have planted 56,000 trees in the past two years. And they are better controlling their water by building stone barriers

18、to help the soil keep the rain that does fall. The progress and international official support are not enough for them, however. More and more people are turning to other agriculture.1.How did Traore work to support his family in the past?A.By fishing.B.By raising farm animals.C.By taking charge of

19、the lake.D.By working as an environmentalist.2.What effect will the current trend of the lake have according to Traore?A.A lot of farmland will form.B.The rainy season will end early.C.Many fishermen will flee their homes.D.The later generation will change their careers.3.Which statement do the UN a

20、nd Aid group agree with?A.Drought and flood will directly cause conflict.B.Reducing population is a way to protect the lake.C.Water management makes no difference to the lake.D.The rise in temperature will cause water resource problems.4.What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph ref

21、er to?A.The local officials.B.The Aid group members.C.The villagers.D.The representatives.【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.C【分析】本文是說明文。馬里不斷縮小的湖泊意味著漁民家庭的末日。隨著氣溫升高和蒸發(fā)的增加，水體萎縮導(dǎo)致湖泊逐漸縮小，漁民的孩子成為漁民的機(jī)會(huì)也在減少。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段 “The lakes fish have provided him with a way to earn money to support his extended family. How-ever, becau

22、se he cant catch enough fish to feed his family, he now raises farm animals.”（湖中的魚為他提供了賺錢養(yǎng)家的途徑。然而，由于他捕不到足夠的魚來養(yǎng)活家人，他現(xiàn)在飼養(yǎng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物。）可知，在過去，Traore靠捕魚養(yǎng)家。故選A。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中 “ If things go on like this, I dont think our children can become fishermen like us. They will have to choose other jobs, he 56-year-old

23、Traore said.”（“如果這樣下去，我想我們的孩子可能成為不了我們這樣的漁民了。他們將不得不選擇其他工作，”56歲的特拉奧雷說。）可知，下一代人將會(huì)選擇其他的職業(yè)。故選D。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段 “UN officials note that the flooding and a severe lack of rainfall can cause problems in the Sahel: Food insecurity, the fight over farmland and the fast population growth can lead to conflict.”（聯(lián)

24、合國(guó)官員指出，洪水和嚴(yán)重缺雨會(huì)給薩赫勒地區(qū)帶來問題：糧食不安全、農(nóng)田爭(zhēng)奪和人口快速增長(zhǎng)都可能導(dǎo)致沖突。）可知，可知溫度上升會(huì)導(dǎo)致水資源的問題。故選D。4.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“People in the rural areas Wegnia and Kononi-Sirakoro have planted 56,000 trees in the past two years.”（在Wegnia和Kononi-Sirakoro農(nóng)村地區(qū)的人們?cè)谶^去兩年里種植了56000棵樹。）以及下文“More and more people are turning to other agriculture.”（

25、 越來越多的人轉(zhuǎn)向其他農(nóng)業(yè)。）可知這里指的是這些村民通過建造石頭屏障來使土壤保持雨水，從而更好地控制水分。所以they指的是村民。故選C。2Boredom is something to experience. If kids dont figure this out early on, theyre in for an unpleasant surprise. School, lets face it, can be dull and it isnt actually the teachers job to entertain as well as educate. -In a much-r

26、ead story, The Relentlessness of Modem Parenting, Claire Cain Miller referred to a recent study that found regardless of class, income or race, parents believed that children who were bored after school should take part in extracurricular activities, and that parents who were busy should stop their

27、task and draw with their children if asked.Parents preparing for a long car ride are like army officers planning a complex land maneuver（(演 習(xí))）with the help of games and movies played on iPad and smartphones. What did parents in the 1970s do when kids were bored? Nothing! They let them breathe in ga

28、s fumes. And since it wasnt actually for wearing, play with the broken safety belt. If you complained about being bored back then, you were really asking for it. Clean your room, you might get. Was this fun? No. Was it helpful? Yes.Because things happen when youre bored. Some of the most boring jobs

29、 Ive had were also the most creative. While checking out food at the supermarket, I invented stories about peoples purchases. The man buying eggplant and a six-pack of beer at 9 p.m.: Which was the must-get thing and which the impulse purchase? How did my former fifth-grade teacher feel about my obs

30、erving her weekly purchase of cookies?The ability to handle boredom, not surprisingly, is associated with the ability to focus. Research has shown that people with attention disorders are particularly poor in handling boredom.Its especially important that kids get bored and be allowed to stay bored

31、when they be young. It shouldnt be considered a problem to be avoided or removed by the higher-ups, but instead something kids handle on their own. Weve stopped training children to do this. Rather than teach them to understand material that is duller, teachers spend more time inventing ways to attr

32、act students. But surely teaching children to stand boredom will prepare them for a more realistic future.5.What is the finding of the study mentioned by Claire Cain Miller?A.School kids find it hard to stand boredom.B.People are too busy to draw with their kids.C.Extracurricular activities are gain

33、ing popularity.D.Parents are trying their best to make their kids have fun.6.What did parents in the 1970s usually do when kids were bored on a long car ride?A.They played with them.B.They left them alone.C.They told them about famous movies.D.They asked them to pay attention to safety.7.Why does th

34、e author share her experience at the supermarket?A.To show customers purchasing habits.B.To show what a difficult life she was living.C.To show boredom and jobs go hand in hand.D.To show the link between boredom and creativity.8.What would be the best title for the text?A.Kids have enough funB.Life

35、is a boring journeyC.Let kids get bored againD.Turn boredom into entertainment【答案】5.D6.B7.D8.C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章通過講述實(shí)驗(yàn)和自身經(jīng)歷說明需要教會(huì)孩子們?nèi)淌軣o聊?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“children who were bored after school should take part in extracurricular activities, and that parents who were busy should stop their task and draw

36、 with their children if asked”（放學(xué)后感到無聊的孩子應(yīng)該參加課外活動(dòng)，而忙碌的家長(zhǎng)如果被要求，應(yīng)該停下手中的工作，和孩子一起畫畫）可知，Claire Cain Miller提及的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)父母盡他們最大的努力讓他們的孩子有樂趣。故選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句第三句“What did parents in the 1970s do when kids were bored? Nothing! ”（上世紀(jì)70年代，當(dāng)孩子們無聊時(shí)，父母?jìng)儠?huì)做什么?什么都不做!）可知，上世紀(jì)70年代父母在孩子們無聊時(shí)不會(huì)管他們。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句第二句“Be

37、cause things happen when youre bored. Some of the most boring jobs Ive had were also the most creative. ”（因?yàn)楫?dāng)你無聊的時(shí)候，事情就會(huì)發(fā)生。我所做過的一些最無聊的工作卻也是最有創(chuàng)造力的。）可知，作者分享自己在超市的經(jīng)歷的目的是展示無聊和創(chuàng)造力之間的聯(lián)系。故選D。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“Rather than teach them to understand material that is duller, teachers spend more time inventing

38、ways to attract students. But surely teaching children to stand boredom will prepare them for a more realistic future.”（老師們花更多的時(shí)間發(fā)明方法來“吸引”學(xué)生，而不是教他們?nèi)ダ斫饽切┛菰餆o味的材料。但毫無疑問，教會(huì)孩子們?nèi)淌軣o聊會(huì)讓他們?yōu)楦F(xiàn)實(shí)的未來做好準(zhǔn)備。）可知，本文的主要意圖是提倡教會(huì)孩子們?nèi)淌軣o聊。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“許孩子們感到無聊”。故選C。3U. S. cherries, watermelons and some other summertime favor

39、ites may depend on wild bees more than previously thought.Many farms in the United States use managed honeybees to pollinate (授粉) crops and increase the total amount of crops, sometimes trucking beehives (蜂箱) from farm to farm. Now an analysis of seven crops across North America shows that wild bees

40、 can play a role in crop pollination too, even on conventional farms with managed honeybees. Wild volunteers add at least $1.5 billion in total to the harvest for six of the crops, a new study estimates.“To me, the big surprise was that we found so many wild bees even in intense production areas whe

41、re much of the produce in the USA is grown, says Rachael Winfree, a pollination ecologist at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N. J.That means threats to wild bees could deplete profits even when farms raise honeybees, the researchers reported on July 29 in Proceedings of the Royal Society. Both

42、honeybees, which arent native to the United States, and wild pollinators such as bumblebees face dangers including pesticides (殺蟲劑).To see what, if anything, wild native bee species contribute, researchers checked bee visits to flowers at 131 commercial farm fields across the United States and part

43、of Canada. On the other hand, the researchers also calculated to what extent the number of bee visits limited production. These intensive farms with plenty of fertilizer, water and other resources often showed signs of reaching a pollinator limit, meaning fields didnt have enough honeybees to get th

44、e maximum production, and volunteer wild bees were adding to the total. Then the team estimated what percentage of the production native bees were adding versus just doing what honeybees would have done anyway.“Wild bees dont seem to help Californias orchards (果園)，but based on orchards in Michigan a

45、nd Pennsylvania, some $ 1. 06 billion of apples depends on native pollinators,” the researchers say. Watermelons, particularly in Florida, get an estimated $146 million benefit, and sweet cherries $ 145 million.9.Why are the wild bees important to the crops according to the text?A.It helps to pollin

46、ate and improve the crops output.B.It is helpful to raise managed honeybees.C.It is helpful to maintain healthy ecosystem.D.It helps to protect native bee species.10.What does the underlined word “deplete” in paragraph 4 mean?A.Pursue.B.Make.C.Keep.D.Reduce.11.Why did researchers check bee visits to

47、 flowers?A.To work out the number of wild native bees.B.To make it clear why fields dont have enough bees.C.To show how important the managed bees are to intensive farms.D.To figure out what wild native bees benefit farm output.12.What is the purpose of the text?A.To draw peoples attention to farm o

48、utput.B.To discuss why bees can increase the harvest.C.To show wild bees may contribute to the crop harvest.D.To introduce how honey bees and wild bees pollinate crops.【答案】9.A10.D11.D12.C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員通過研究野蜂對(duì)農(nóng)作物授粉和提高作物產(chǎn)量方面的信息，試圖找出野蜂是否對(duì)農(nóng)作物收成有貢獻(xiàn)。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Now an analysis of seven crops acr

49、oss North America shows that wild bees can play a role in crop pollination too, even on conventional farms with managed honeybees. Wild volunteers add at least $1.5 billion in total to the harvest for six of the crops, a new study estimates.（現(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)對(duì)北美七種作物的分析顯示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中發(fā)揮作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。一項(xiàng)新的研究估計(jì)，

50、它們?yōu)榱N作物的收成至少增加了15億美元。）”可知，野蜂對(duì)農(nóng)作物很重要，因?yàn)樗兄谑诜酆吞岣咦魑锂a(chǎn)量。故選A項(xiàng)。10.詞句猜測(cè)題。第二段說一項(xiàng)對(duì)北美七種作物的分析顯示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中發(fā)揮作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。一項(xiàng)新的研究估計(jì)，它們?yōu)榱N作物的收成至少增加了15億美元，再根據(jù)畫線詞后的“ Both honeybees, which arent native to the United States, and wild pollinators such as bumblebees face dangers including pesticides (殺蟲劑).”可知，非美國(guó)

51、本土的蜜蜂和大黃蜂等野生授粉者都面臨著包括殺蟲劑在內(nèi)的危險(xiǎn)，由講述非美國(guó)本土的蜜蜂和野生傳粉者面臨殺蟲劑在內(nèi)的危險(xiǎn)，這種威脅自然會(huì)減少利潤(rùn)，由此可知畫線詞詞義為為“減少，消耗”。故選D項(xiàng)。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“To see what, if anything, wild native bee species contribute, researchers checked bee visits to flowers at 131 commercial farm fields across the United States and part of Canada.（為了了解野生本土蜜蜂是

52、否有貢獻(xiàn)，研究人員在美國(guó)和加拿大部分地區(qū)的131個(gè)商業(yè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)中檢查了蜜蜂到訪花卉的情況。）”可知，研究人員要檢查蜜蜂到訪花叢的情況，是想找出野生本地蜜蜂對(duì)農(nóng)場(chǎng)產(chǎn)出有什么好處。故選D項(xiàng)。12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“ Now an analysis of seven crops across North America shows that wild bees can play a role in crop pollination too, even on conventional farms with managed honeybees. Wild volunteers add at leas

53、t $1.5 billion in total to the harvest for six of the crops, a new study estimates.（現(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)對(duì)北美7種作物的分析顯示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中發(fā)揮作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。一項(xiàng)新的研究估計(jì)，它們?yōu)榱N作物的收獲至少增加了15億美元。）可知，文章介紹了研究人員通過研究野蜂對(duì)農(nóng)作物授粉和提高作物產(chǎn)量方面的信息，試圖找出野蜂是否對(duì)農(nóng)作物收成有貢獻(xiàn)，因此文章的目的是展示野蜂可能對(duì)農(nóng)作物收成有貢獻(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。4Over the last 25 years, psychologists have found th

54、at personalities center on five basic traits(特性) the Big Five: agreeableness, conscientiousness (責(zé)任心), neuroticism, extroversion and openness. Contrary to common belief, people just arent organized into certain personality types. Every trait is a continuous dimension and everyone can be described as

55、 having varying levels of each trait. A new research has also found animals from ants to apes all have the Big Five and that the universality of personality points to an evolutionary (進(jìn)化) origin.Animals and humans have common problems of survival, which are spelled out beautifully in the Big Five, a

56、nd thats why theres so much continuity in human personality and animal personality. For example, conscientiousness involves behaviors like planning and consideration, which are important among animals for taking care of their young, selecting mates and living in groups. Being neat and orderly aspect

57、s of conscientiousness-also has evolutionary superiority. Bees that like to keep clean and remove more dead group members reduce risk of disease, gain more weight and reproduce more Spiders that make tidy webs catch more insects. Birds that build neater and solider nests attract more mates.These beh

58、aviors may seem primitive, but theyre nevertheless indications of personality. Personality is the expression of all of the behaviors that humans and animals exhibit that allow them to function adaptively in the world.Evolution can also explain why personalities vary so much. Depending on the situation, each of the Big Five can be advantageous. For example, agreeableness is great for relationships. But if a lion were charging at you, youd be better