托福培訓(xùn)丨新托?？谡ZTask 6難點解題技巧

1、托福培訓(xùn)丨新托?？谡ZTask 6難點解題技巧朗閣托福培訓(xùn)中心 王靜新托?？谡Z考試一共有6道題目，分為兩種形式：獨立型和綜合型。今天我們要探討的是口語的第六題，即綜合型題目里的最后一道。不同于第一和第二道題目的純口語回答，也不同于綜合型題目中第三和第四道題目里的聽讀結(jié)合，第六題要求考生先聽一篇關(guān)于某話題的學(xué)術(shù)講座，然后概括從講座中獲取的信息，通常是某個科學(xué)概念或者現(xiàn)象。今天我們將結(jié)合真題，就第六道題的考點及答題要點進行深入的探討。一、考察方向新托福口語的第六道題，通常被考生視為難度最大的一道，就是因為它的考察形式-總結(jié)聽到的1-2分鐘的學(xué)術(shù)講座。難點體現(xiàn)在兩個方面：1. 純粹的聽力內(nèi)容使聽力較弱

2、的考生無所適從；2. 學(xué)術(shù)講座的專業(yè)性太強，如果考生不熟悉講座的方向，會聽得云里霧里。朗閣托福培訓(xùn)中心分析認為，其實此題也是有章可循的：講座通常圍繞一個學(xué)術(shù)概念展開，然后給出此概念的定義，并運用具體的例子來對此概念進行補充，或給出實驗的過程來論證此科學(xué)概念的科學(xué)性；或者，會圍繞著一個科學(xué)現(xiàn)象展開，繼而給出產(chǎn)生此現(xiàn)象的原因以及影響。因此，常見的提問方式如下：1. Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two definitions of money presented by the professor.2. Using poin

3、ts and examples from the talk, explain the two types of motivation.3. Using the examples from the talk, explain how persuasive strategies are used in advertising.4. Using the research described by the professor, explain what scientists have learned about the mathematical abilities of babies.前兩種提問方法常

4、出現(xiàn)在概念-定義型的講座中，而后兩種提問方法常出先在實驗型的講座中。備考的考生須知，在聽講座的過程中，是看不到問題的。在講座結(jié)束后，屏幕上會顯示如上的問題，同時會有narrator將問題讀出，以便考生熟悉題目中關(guān)鍵詞的讀音。二、評分標準那么考官是如何評分的呢？新托?？谡Z考試官方指南指出第六題的評分標準是：考生需要充分展示自己的語言表達（發(fā)音）和語言運用（語法及詞匯）能力，能“完整地回答問題”。許多考生在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)無法完成回答，因為他們在概念總結(jié)上花費了太多的時間。若回答“遺漏關(guān)鍵信息”或“沒有對重要信息展開論述”，那么評分人會只給2分。記住，第六題想要得高分，考生的回答要持續(xù)（很少或者沒有不恰

5、當?shù)耐ｎD）并且連貫（邏輯流暢），容易使人理解。三、講座內(nèi)容Task 6的講座通常為90-120秒，有些話題可能持續(xù)的時間更長，會超過2分鐘。在講座中，教授通常會先介紹一個概念或現(xiàn)象，然后一般情況下，會用兩個例子或者兩個下級分類來進行深入的解釋。而有關(guān)于一個實驗過程的講座可能會描述一個過程的兩個步驟。在講述一件事件的講座中，教授可能會描述一個事件的前因后果。在關(guān)于某科學(xué)社會理論的講座中，教授則會舉出一些例子來說明這一理論在日常生活中起的作用及對人們?nèi)粘Ｉ町a(chǎn)生的影響。由于第六道題目是純粹的聽力講座而沒有閱讀材料，那么講座中的主要內(nèi)容通常情況下是會在第一句話中體現(xiàn)出來的。有時候教授會非常直接明顯地

6、點明話題，例如：Today well talk about how companies determine the initial prices for their products. 然后教授會講述主要概念涉及的過程或者基本原理及舉例。講座結(jié)束后，考生將聽到并在電腦屏幕上看到題目。如上文所示，第六題的題目會要求考生解釋講座所討論的核心概念。由于此部分沒有閱讀內(nèi)容，相較于Task 3和Task 4, 考生只有20秒的準備時間，在此期間，考生可依據(jù)自己的筆記進行思考和準備。在聽到“嗶”的提示聲后，考生將有60秒的時間作答。綜上所述，在新托福口語的聽力中，會存在非常明顯的規(guī)律，在考生聽懂大方向的情

7、況下，不難將講座的outline找出。讓我們來看一篇新托福TPO真題。So, lets talk about money. What is money? Well, typically people think of coins and paper “bills” as money. but thats using a somewhat narrow definition of the term.A broad definition is this: money is anything that people can use to make purchases with. Since many

8、 things can be used to make purchases, money can have many different forms. Certainly, coins and bills are one form of money. People exchange goods and services for coins or paper bills, and they use this money . these bills . to obtain other goods and services. For example, you might give a taxi dr

9、iver five dollars to purchase a ride in his taxi. And he in turn gives the five dollars to a farmer to buy some vegetables.But, as I said, coins and bills arent the only form of money under this broad definition. Some societies make use of a barter system. Basically, in a barter system people exchan

10、ge goods and services directly for other goods and services. The taxi driver, for example, might give a ride to a farmer in exchange for some vegetables. Since the vegetables are used to pay for a service, by our broad definition the vegetables are used in barter as a form of money.Now, as I mention

11、ed, theres also a second . a narrower definition of money. In the United States only coins and bills are legal tendermeaning that by law, a seller must accept them as payment. The taxi driver must accept coins or bills as payment for a taxi ride. OK? But in the U.S., the taxi driver is not required

12、to accept vegetables in exchange for a ride. So a narrower definition of money might be whatever is legal tender in a society, whatever has to be accepted as payment.Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two definitions of money presented by the professor.在此講座中，教授在第一句話中就直接地指出講座的中心內(nèi)容Mo

13、ney, 隨后的內(nèi)容圍繞著對Money的定義展開。整個講座講述了Money的兩種定義，一種是廣義的，一種是狹義的。教授首先講述了廣義的錢的定義，并以出租車和菜農(nóng)的兩個具體的例子來解釋廣義錢的定義內(nèi)容。隨后講述了狹義的錢的定義，同樣，在給出了定義之后，教授依然用出租車和菜農(nóng)的例子來進行解釋。有了這樣的一個outline后，考生需要提取出來的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容為：- A broad definition is this: money is anything that people can use to make purchases with.- Coins and bills are one form of

14、 money.- In a barter system people exchange goods and services directly for other goods and services.- So a narrower definition of money might be whatever is legal tender in a society, whatever has to be accepted as payment.- In the United States only coins and bills are legal tender-meaning that by

15、 law, a seller must accept them as payment.如考生能夠抓住以上幾句關(guān)鍵句，那么在結(jié)合了例子之后，就可以有一份非常完美的答案了。例如，綜合上述關(guān)鍵點，高分例文為：The professor talks about two definitions of money, a broad one and a narrow one. By the broad definition, money is everything with which we can make purchases. For example, coins and bills can be mo

16、ney, because we can use them to buy goods such as vegetables and pay for services such as taxi. But in a barter system, vegetables can be money, because farmers can give drivers vegetables in exchange for a drive. By the narrow definition, in a society, the legal tender is money. For instance, in th

17、e US, drivers and farmers must accept dollars as payment. People can use dollars to pay for taxi and buy vegetables because dollar is the legal tender in the US. So, dollar in the form of coin and bill is money.此范文邏輯清晰，并包含了講座的各個方面，亦可為考生提供一定的關(guān)于定義類的模板：總起句引出話題-第二句講兩個下級分類-關(guān)鍵的定義及舉例。一份完整的答案需要包含文中所提到的各個方面。

18、例如，在講述廣義的定義時，教授提到兩個方面的內(nèi)容-傳統(tǒng)的紙幣及硬幣和在以物換物社會下的任何物品。如果考生沒有涉及到以物換物的錢的概念，那么答案將是不完整的，沒有辦法得到較高的成績。四、答題技巧1. 避免原句照搬閱讀和聽力內(nèi)容，適當進行詞匯和語法的替換。由于Task 6是要求考生復(fù)述聽力講座中的內(nèi)容，因此很容易出現(xiàn)考生直接原文復(fù)述所聽所記內(nèi)容的現(xiàn)象。要知道這樣是會對考生的成績產(chǎn)生一定的影響的，考生需要在總結(jié)出中心句的同時，對中心句進行一定的paraphrase。例如，聽力原文的對話為：money is anything that people can use to make purchases with, 在范文中，被替換為money is everything with which we can make purchases。同樣的一句話，同為定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，只是將介詞的位置稍作改變，依舊是漂亮的一句話。很多考生存在疑問：是不是同義替換要把一整句話全部替換掉？其實不一定要一句話內(nèi)沒有絲毫重合，朗閣托福