中考英語詞語釋義題解題技巧14頁

1、中考英語詞語釋義題解題技巧 重點、難點、考點一、重點是：(1)常見的構詞法1)合成詞：合成詞是由兩個或兩個以上的詞構成一個新的詞。如：blackboard(黑板)，newspaper(報紙)，afternoon(下午) ,pencil-box(鉛筆盒)。2)派生詞：派生詞是由詞根加派生詞綴構成的詞，詞根是派生詞的基礎，同一詞根加不同的派生詞綴可以表示不同的意義，還可以表示不同的詞的詞性。動詞變名詞：后綴er drive(駕駛)driver(駕駛員) teach(教)teacher(教師) read(閱讀)reader(讀者) 后綴or invent(發(fā)明)inventor(發(fā)明家) visit

2、(訪問)visitor(訪問者) 后綴tion invent(發(fā)明)invention(發(fā)明) operate(手術)operation(手術)名詞變形容詞：后綴y wind(風)windy(刮風的) sun(太陽)sunny(晴朗的) 后綴ful help(幫助)helpful(有幫助的) care(小心)careful(小心的) 后綴ly friend(朋友)friendly(友好的)形容詞變名詞：+后綴ness good(好的)goodness(善良，美德) kind(和善的)kindness(和善)形容詞變副詞：后綴ly bad(壞的)badly(糟糕地) quick(快的)quick

3、ly(迅速地)改變詞義：前綴un happy(高興的)unhappy(不高興的) usual(平常的)unusual(不平常的)轉化詞：轉化詞是指由一種詞類轉用作另一種詞類的詞。例如：hand(n .)手， hand(v .)傳遞， dry(adj .)干燥的， dry(v .) 烘干說明初中總復習中，詞匯的復習十分重要。掌握單詞和詞組的用法是學好語言的前提之一。沒有一定的詞匯量，不掌握詞語的基本用法，就失去了英語知識復習的基礎，也就更談不上靈活運用和綜合分析能力了。(2)詞形變化英語詞匯的詞形變化除了前面講的詞根派生詞綴構成的派生詞的變化外，還存在有一些單詞詞尾的屈折變化，它們是：1)表示名

4、詞復數的詞形變化。例如：handhands(手) picturepictures(圖片)knifeknives(小刀) citycities(城市)2)表示形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的詞形變化。例如：cheapcheapercheapest(便宜的)latelaterlatest(遲來的，遲來地)earlyearlierearliest(早的、早地)3)表示動詞一般現在時第三人稱單數的詞形變化。例如：cleancleans(打掃) catchcatches(按住) carrycarries(攜帶)4)表示動詞過去時和-ed分詞的詞形變化。例如：catchcatched(捉住) carryca

5、rried(搬運)closeclosea(關閉) stopstopped(阻止)5)表示動詞-ing分詞的詞形變化。例如：walkwalking(走) makemaking(做) sitsitting(坐)二、難點是：如何運用詞或詞組。三、考點是：(1)單詞拼寫。(2)詞形變化。(3)對詞語的理解運用和相似詞語的辨析。有關詞匯的考題在中考中有10分左右。 【經典范例引路】例1 選擇與句中劃線部分意思相同或相近的詞或短語。( )1 .Mary called him three times yesterday , but nobody answered .A .visited B .gave a

6、message to C .told D .phoned( )2 .Jim comes to visit us sometimes . That is always the happiest time for the whole family .A .on time B .all the time C .at times D .many times( )3 .Jimmy tried hard , and in the end he did it well .A .at first B .at the beginning C .at the end D .at last( )4 .Oh , so

7、rry . John . I forgot to post your letter . Thats all right . Ill post it myself.A .Never think about it B .It doesnt matterC .Dont be sorry D .I dont care( )5 .Hello !May I speak to the headmaster ? Hold on , please .A .Speak louder B .Wait a momentC .Call again D .Speak out(2001年河北省中考題)簡析：選出能替換劃線部

8、分的選項，這是一種常見題型。做此類題時應注意以下幾點：(1)弄懂句意，特別是劃線部分意思，以及各選項的意思。(2)能替換劃線部分的選項與劃線部分意思要相同。(3)選項與劃線部分在句法功能上保持一致。第小題劃線部分called后接him(sb)，首先要知道它在句中的意思，為給打電話。選項意為訪問，選項意為給捎口信，選項意為告訴，只有選項 .phoned意人給打電話，與劃線部分意思相同。且phoned與called的句法功能也相同。故答案為。第小題劃線部分sometimes意為有時，某時。A選項意為準時，按時，B選項意為一直總是，C選項意為有時，某時，D選項意為許多次。故答案為C。第3小題劃線部分

9、in the end意為最后，終于。A選項意為起初，開始，B選項意為在開始時，C選項意為在末尾，D選項為最后，終于。故答案為D。第4小題劃線部分Thats all right在此處意為不要緊，沒關系，用來回答別人道歉的用語。A、B、C、D四個選項中只有It doesnt matter與Thats all right意義相同。故答案為B。第5小題劃線部分Hold on在此處意為等一會兒，是打電話時的交際用語。只有wait a moment與Hold on 意義相同，故答案為B。例2 單項選擇。( )1 .Students are usually interested in sports . So

10、me like running ;some like swimming ;_like ball games . (2001年上海市中考題)A .the others B .others C .the other D .other( )2 .Can you speak Chinese ,Peter ? (2001年北京市海淀區(qū)中考題) Yes , but only_ .A .little B .few C .a little D .a few( )3 .Dont worry ,Ill take good care Polly .(2001年天津市中考題)A .for B .of C. with

11、D .to簡析：此題是考查詞語意義和用法上的區(qū)別，以及詞語的固定搭配。在做此類題時，我們應注意：(1)先讀懂題意，找出考查點。(2)觀察分析空格與它的前后部分的聯系及空格在句中的句法功能。(3)根據題意及分析結果，對比所有選項，選擇最恰當的選項。(4)對于難度較大、很難直接從正面找到答案，就可采用排除法根據題意和所學知識排除錯誤答案。剩下的便是正確答案。第1小題是考查the others ,others ,the other ,other這四者在意義和用法上的區(qū)別：the others特指某一范圍內的其余的人(物)而others泛指其余的人(物)它常和some對比使用，即some . . .o

12、thers . . .，the other特指(兩個中的)另一個，other泛指另一個。故答案為B。第2小題是考查little ,few ,a little ,a few的用法：某一語言不可數，因此B、D兩選項不成立。而little是表示否定意義，a little表示肯定意義。根據題干的意思應為肯定，故答案為C。第3小題是考查take care of這一固定詞組。故答案為B。 【綜合能力訓練】一 .根據所給英語釋義寫出單詞(首字母已給出)。1 .become a member of j 2 .have (clothes) on the body w 3 .almost not h 4 .not

13、 any ,no one n 5 .at last f 6 .the fourth day of a week W 7 .the opposite of cheap e 8 .father or mother p 9 .ice box f 10 .go in a car or on a horse or a bike r 二 用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空。1 .Thank you ,he said (polite).2 .Children must be stopped from (skate) on thin ice .3 .She spends one hour (watch) TV ev

14、ery day .4 .Keep (quietly) !They are listening to the teacher .5 .Would you please say it again more (loud) ?6 .Keep on (work) hard ,or youll fall behind other students .7 .Ive been on the Great Wall (two) .8 .Thank you for (lend) me the story book .9 .I often write Best (wish) for Teachers Day !on

15、the cards .10 .Meimei did (badly) than Lucy in the high jump .11 .After ten minutes rest ,they went on (walk) .12 .I saw a wallet (lie) on the ground on my way home .13 .There is a fire (burn) in the fireplace .14 . (pick) apples is better than (have) classes .15 .They went to the park instead of (s

16、tay) at home last Saturday .16 .See you is another way of (say) Goodbye .17 .They enjoy (take) a walk after supper .18 .I dont feel like (eat) anything now .19 .The teachers are busy (get) ready for tomorrows work.20 .Dont forget to take the (shop) list with you. 創(chuàng)新備考訓練 (選自各地中考題) .根據句意，選擇與句中劃線部分意思相同

17、或相近的解釋。1 .We are very glad to hear the good news .A .sorry B .sad C .pleased2 .I will go to see my grandma this evening .A .visit B .move C .watch3 .They have a lot of apples and bananas in the basket .A .some B .many C .much4 .Alice will go shopping with her aunt tomorrow .A .buy something B .borro

18、w books C .wash clothes5 .The little boy is good at drawing .A .is poor at B .is slow at C .does well in6 .What are the boys doing ?They are at work .A .are workers B .work here C .are working7 .We were busy last week ,so we had a little rest .A .a small B .a short C .a few8 .Mrs Green usually goes

19、for a walk after supper .A .has a walk B .walks around C .wants a walk9 .Jim arrived at the farm early.A .got on B .got up C .got to10 .My grandma bought a big birthday present for both of us.A .both us B .we both C .us both11 .Hello ,may I speak to Mr. White ,please ?Hold on for a moment ,please .A

20、 .Wait B .Sit C .Stop12 .Its really difficult to learn maths well .A .wrong B .easy C .hard13 .Bob is very strong .He is able to carry the box.A .must B .can C .need14 .Han Meimei has a few American friends .A .many B .some C .no15 .We are happy to see you again .A .worried B .sad C .pleased .根據句意及漢

21、語提示，在下列各句空缺處寫出各單詞的正確形式。1 .Can you answer my (三) question in English ?2 .Mary did (差) in the exam than Lucy .3 .Look !They are talking (高興) in the room .4 .I (駕駛) my car to Beijing last summer .5 .My house is not far from my (叔叔) .6 .The sun is (照耀) brightly in the sky .7 .They will bring some (土豆) f

22、or a picnic tomorrow .8 .He gets on very well with his (父母) .9 .I like (淺) colours ,for example ,white .10 .Mr Wang (搬遷) here last week .He is a new comer .11 .I usually go to work on (步行) .12 .There are ten (班級) in our grade .13 .Lucy studies (努力地) than Lily14 .Mr Smith will give us a talk at the (

23、會議) .15 .Excuse me ,may I (借) your eraser ?Certainly .here you are .16 .It is an (容易的) question .I can answer it .17 .He wont do it .I wont do it , (也) .18 .Is there a (書桌) in your room ?19 .Your hands are so (臟的) again .Go and wash them .20 .They have planted more than two (千) young trees this spring . .根據句子的意思和首字母提示，用適當的詞填空，使句子的意思連貫與正確。1 .Whose is this T-shirt ?It isnt m .Its hers