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1、新目標(biāo)初中英語十大詞類復(fù)習(xí)全功略I詞法 :英語中的詞可以根據(jù)詞義、語法功能和形式特征分為十大類,即名詞(noun)、代詞(pronoun)、形容詞(adjective)、副詞(adverb)、動詞(verb)、數(shù)詞(numeral)、冠詞(article)、介詞(preposition)、連詞(conjunctions)和感嘆詞(interjection)。 一、名詞(n) 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱的詞 (一)名詞的分類:名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞,其中普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,可數(shù)名詞可用作單數(shù),也可用作復(fù)數(shù)??蓴?shù)名詞包括個體名詞(表示一類人或物的個體。如:boy,desk,ca

2、t,window)和集體名詞(由若干個體組成的集合體。如:family,class,police)。不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞(表示無法分為個體的實物。如:water,paper,silk,money)和抽象名詞(表示性質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、感情或其它抽象概念。如:work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework)專有名詞表示個人、地方、機構(gòu)、組織等。如:Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,F(xiàn)rance,the United States)注意:專有名詞的首字母必須大寫。 (二)名詞的數(shù)1可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式,其復(fù)數(shù)形式

3、的構(gòu)成主要有以下幾種:(1)一般情況下,在詞尾加s。 egbookbooks,dogdogs,penpens,boyboys(2)以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,要在詞尾加es。egbeachbeaches, busbuses,(3)以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的名詞,先變y為i,再加es。egcitycities,familyfamilies,(注:以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,直接在詞尾加-s。egboys,holidays,days)(4)以元音字母。結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時情況如下: 加egtomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes結(jié)尾是兩個元音字母的加s,egZoozoo

4、s,radioradios 某些外來詞變復(fù)數(shù)時詞尾加s,eg. pianopianos一些名詞的縮寫形式變復(fù)數(shù)時,詞尾加s,egphoto(photograph)photoszero變復(fù)數(shù)時,既可加s,也可加 egzeroszeroes(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,先把f或fe變?yōu)関,再加es。 egwifewives,leaf leaves,halfhalves,knifeknives,thief-thieves(res讀音為vz注意:roof的復(fù)數(shù)為roofs(6)有些名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時,不是在詞尾加s或es,而是變換其中的字母,egmanmen,womanwomen,policem

5、anpolicemen,EnglishmanEnglishmen,F(xiàn)renchmanFrenchmen, footfeet, toothteeth, childchildren,mousemice,oxoxen(公牛)(7)還有一些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。 egChinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish (8)另一些名詞本身即是復(fù)數(shù)形式,不可用作單數(shù)。eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors另外,當(dāng)一個名詞作定語說明另一個名詞時,這個名詞一般用單數(shù)。 egan apple tree,five apple trees

6、,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister 但是,當(dāng)man和woman作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,就要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 egtwo men teachers,three women doctors 可用“量詞+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。 eg.a room Of students,two boxes Of pencils 2不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下。 (1)表不定數(shù)量時,一般用much,(a)little,a lot oflots of,some,any等詞修飾。 eg,much money,a little

7、 bread (2)表確定數(shù)量時,一般用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。如:twothree+量詞復(fù)數(shù)十of+不可數(shù)名詞。 ega bag Of rice,two glasses Of milk,four bottles Of water3有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞,但詞義有所不同。 eg: fruit水果fruits表示不同種類的水果;food食物foods各種食品;fish魚fishes魚的種類;drink飲料、酒a drink一杯一份飲料、一杯酒; cloth布,a cloth桌布、抹布; sand沙sands沙灘; tea茶a tea一杯茶;chicken雞肉a chick

8、en小雞;orange橘汁an orange橘子; glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼鏡;paper紙a paper試卷、論文;wood木頭a wood小森林;room余地a room房間 (三)名詞的所有格(表示人或物的所屬關(guān)系)(1)有生命的名詞所有格以及表示時間、距離、城鎮(zhèn)、國家等的名詞所有格。不是以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時,在詞尾加s。 egMikes watch;Womens Day以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時,只加。egteachers office,students rooms兩個或兩個以上名詞并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一個名詞后加s。egTom and Mi

9、kes room湯姆和邁克的房間(表示湯姆和邁克共有一間房)兩個或兩個以上名詞并列,表示分別所有,需在幾個名詞后都加s。eg. Marys and Jennys bikes瑪麗和詹妮的自行車(表示瑪麗和詹妮各自的自行車) (2)無生命的事物的名詞所有格常用of結(jié)構(gòu)ega map Of China,the beginning Of this game,the door Of the room(3)特殊形式可用s和of短語表示的名詞所有格 egthe boys name=the name Of the boy(男孩的名字)the dogs legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)

10、/ Chinas population=the population Of China(中國的人口)Chinas capital=the capital of China(中國的首都)雙重所有格ega fiend of my mothers我媽媽的一個朋友a picture of Toms湯姆的一張圖片二、代詞(pron)代替名詞,兼有名詞和形容詞的作用相互代詞 each other,one another指示代詞 this,that,these,those不定代詞(不指明特定的人或事物的代詞)each,every,both,all,either,neither,none,no,one,(a)

11、few,(a)little,some,any,many,much,other,another復(fù)合不定代詞everybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,every-thing,something, thing疑問代詞 what,who,whom,which,whose直接代詞 疑問代詞都可作連接代詞,引導(dǎo)賓語從句表語從句等。關(guān)系代詞 who,whom,whose,that,which用引導(dǎo)定語從句。(二)代詞的用法1.人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞和指示代詞的用法(1)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分,主格用來作主語,賓格用來作動詞或介詞的賓語等

12、。eg. She gavea red apple她給了我一個紅蘋果: (She作主語,me作動詞賓語)Kathyis near him凱西靠近他。(介詞near的賓語)2,物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。形容詞性物主代詞位于名詞前:theirschool,his backpack名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)干一個名詞,在句中可作主語、賓語等,后面不能再接名詞。eIt isntmypenMine(=my pen) is missing(作主語)IleftmypenathomeYoucanusehers(=herpen),(作賓語)of+名詞性物主代詞”屬雙重所有格的一種形式。eg.a ca

13、t of hers她的一條狗,a friend of yours你的一個朋友 (3)反身代詞反身代詞在句中可作同位語,起強調(diào)作用,也可作動詞或介詞的賓語。egA few days later,I myself had to go to Paris(作同位語)She bought herself a new bteach oneself自學(xué)help oneself to隨便吃些吧say to oneself自言自語learnby oneself自學(xué)enjoy oneself過得愉快leave one by oneself把某人單獨留下hurt oneself傷了自己dress oneself自己

14、穿衣服come to oneself蘇醒過來(4)相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系,可用作動詞或介詞的賓語,用法區(qū)別不大。egFor years,the two sisters looked after one another(each other)多年來姐妹倆互相照顧。We should learn from each other 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相學(xué)習(xí)??梢杂酶癖硎舅嘘P(guān)系:each others, one anothers互相的,彼此的egThey are looking at each others pictures他們相互看對方的照片。 (5)指示代詞指示代詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,既可指物,也可用于介紹人。E

15、g This is an apple tree,and that is an orange tree這是一棵蘋果樹,那是一棵桔子樹。These are my friends,and that is my sister這些是我朋友,那個是我姐姐。指示代詞可用來指上文中提到的事情:eg.Steve had a bad coldThat was why he didnt come to school yesterday2不定代詞的用法(1)each,every,both,all,either,neither,no,none的用法each每個各個”(強調(diào)個體),用于兩者或兩者以上。egTwo girl

16、s came and l gave an apple to each來了倆姑娘,我給她們每人一個蘋果。Each of them has a nice ring她們每人有一枚漂亮的戒指。every每個各個”(強調(diào)全體),用于兩者以上。every常作形容詞用。egEveryday is important to us每天對我們都很重要。He has read every book(all the books) On the subject他閱讀了所有有關(guān)這個主題的書。both表示兩者“都”(強調(diào)全體)。egHer parents are both doctors她父母都是醫(yī)生。Both of th

17、em are doctors他倆都是醫(yī)生。They both like potatoes他倆喜歡吃土豆。all“全體大家一切”用于三者以上,也可接不可數(shù)名詞。egThats all for today今天到此為止。 All of us are from China我們都來自中國。All the food is delicious所有的食物都很好吃。either“兩者之一”,用于兩者(強調(diào)個體)。egThe two coats are cheap,so you can choose either of them那兩件外套便挑一件。neither“兩個都不”,用于否定兩者。eg. Neither

18、Of the books isare so interesting.no(=not anynot a)“沒有”可接可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù),也可接不可數(shù)名詞。eg.I have no brothers Or sisters我沒有兄弟姐妹.A clock has no mouth,but it can talk none“沒有一個人物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可數(shù)名司。eg.None Of them hashave been to Japan他們都沒去過日本。I like none of the books這些書我全都不喜歡。neither和none表示完全否each和every(含every的復(fù)合詞)等

19、與not連用時表示部分否定。egI dont know all of you我不完全認(rèn)識你們。Not everyone Of us know how to go there不是我們每個人都知道怎樣去那兒。 (2)one,ones和no one的用法 :one用來代替前面剛提到的一個東西或一個人,以免重復(fù);復(fù)數(shù)ones用來代替前面提到的一些物或一些人;no one表示否定。 eWould you please pass me the science book?給我遞過那本科學(xué)方面的書好嗎?一Which one?哪一本?一The one on my shelf我書架上的那本。No one has

20、traveled farther than to the moon沒有人旅行遠(yuǎn)過月球。(3)(a)few,(a)little;many,much;some,any的用法many(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞),much(+不可數(shù)名詞)表示“許多/很多”。egMany Of the students come from England那些學(xué)生許多是從英國來的。Thanks,its too much for me謝謝,我承受不起。few(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞),little(+不可數(shù)名詞)表示“沒多很少”(表否定)。eg,There were few people in the street last night昨晚街上沒什

21、么人。I am very worried that l have little time to finishthejob我擔(dān)心,我?guī)缀鯖]有時間完成這份工作了。afew(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞),alittle(+不可數(shù)名詞)表示“有一些有幾個”(表肯定)。eg.I call see a few cakes and a little bread inthe fridge我看到冰箱里有幾塊蛋糕和一些面包。注意:quite a few表示“相當(dāng)多”egThere are quite a few students over there那兒有相當(dāng)多的學(xué)生。some(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞),any(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名

22、詞)表示“有一些有幾個”(表肯定)。egThere are some birds in the tree樹上有些鳥。There is some water in the bottle瓶里有些水。I dont have any brothers Os there any tea in the cup?杯子里有茶嗎?.some一般用于肯定句,但在表示請求、建議。反問等的疑問句中,多用some。eg: Would you like some beer?你要不要來點啤酒嗎?Why didnt you buy some sweets?(You should have bought)你怎么沒買點糖果?.a

23、ny一般用于疑問句和否定句及條件從句 egThere isnt any water left沒有剩下一點水。If you have any questions, put up your hands。please如果有問題,請舉手。:some+單數(shù)名詞表示“某一個”,any+單數(shù)名詞表示“隨便哪一個”或“任何一個”。eIll catch up with you some day有一天我會趕上你的。Comeany day you like你哪天來都行。Tom is taller than any other student in his class湯姆比他班上其他任何一個學(xué)生都高。one ,oth

24、er, others, the others ,another等的用法 1. onethe other 表示兩個人或兩件東西中的“一個另一個” eg. Mr Smith has two daughters.0ne is a teacher,the other is a nurse2. one another表示不定數(shù)目中的“一個”與“另個”。eg. I dont want this One, please give me another3. one the others強調(diào)在一定范圍中的“一個”與“其余的”。eg. In Our school One Of the teachers is Am

25、erican,the Others are Chinese4. some the others表示許多人或物,不在一定范圍中的“一部分”與“其余的全部”。 egSome students are reading,the others are drawing picturesothers=other+名詞;theotherstheOther+名詞。egSome students like traveling,others(other students) like watching TV at homeanother表示“再又”時既可接單數(shù)名詞,也可接數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。eg. He will be

26、able t有人在敲門修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞或其它詞要放在其后,即定語后置。egThere is something important On todaysnewspaper今天的報紙有些重要新聞。復(fù)合不定代詞變否定句時,要否定主語:egSomethingiswrong(變?yōu)榉穸ň?Something isnt wrong.(錯誤) Nothing is wrong(正確)Somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句;anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句、疑問句及條件句egThere is something new in the park公園里

27、有些新的景點。Do you have anything interesting to tell us?你有什么有趣的事要告訴我們嗎?當(dāng)somebody,someone等用于疑問句時,表示肯定、請求、建議或反問;anybody,anyone等用在肯定句中表示“任何人”。egIs someone coming this afternoon?今天下午有客人來嗎?Anyone can make mistakes 任何人都可能犯錯誤。3疑問代詞的用法。 (1)whowhom 誰(指人)作主語 eg. Who wants to go with him? 作賓語 egWhoWhom are you wait

28、ing for?(作介詞for的賓語)eg.WhoWhom do you want tomeet?(作動詞meet的賓語) 作表語 egWhoWhom are they? (2)whose誰的 作定語 eg Whose pen is this? 作表語 eg Whose is this pen?(3)which哪一個,哪一些 作定語 egWhich girl is Kathy? 作表語 eg Which is the boys ball? (4)what什么 作主主語 eg Whats on the table?作賓語 eg. What are you doing?作表語 eg What is

29、 he? 作定語 eg What class are you in?4關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞用來引起定語從句,它一方面代表定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞,另方面又在從句中充當(dāng)一個成分。egThis is the man who gave me the book 這就是給我書的那個人。The money thatwhich is on the table is mine 桌上的錢是我的。 The money thatwhich my mother gave me is on the table 我媽媽給我的錢在桌上。三、形容詞(adj) 表示人和事物的特征,對名詞起修飾和描繪作用四、副詞(adv

30、) 表示動作特征或性狀,主要修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞及整個句子 (一)形容詞的用法及位置1形容詞在句中作定語、表語、賓語補足語等,作定語時一般放在名詞前。Eg. She has short hair(作定語)Paul is tall(作表語)We must keep our room clean(作賓補)2形容詞修飾不定代詞時放在其后。egShe has something important to tell usTheres nothing wrong in the sentence (二)副詞的種類、用法及位置 1副詞的種類(1)時間副詞表示大體時間:now,then,yesterday,t

31、oday, tonight,before,justnow,recently,sOfaf表示頻率:always,usually,often,sometimesseldom,never其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst,at last,finally (2)地點副詞表地點:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere表位置關(guān)系(后接賓語時,用作介詞):above,below,round,around

32、,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over,away,near,off,past (3)方式副詞 表示謂語動詞“怎樣地”,(此類副詞大部分由形容詞加ly構(gòu)成):badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently,politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly (4)程度副詞 多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞或副詞:much,(a)little,a bit,very,sO,too,enou

33、gh,quite, rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly(5)疑問副詞 構(gòu)成特殊疑問句:how,when, where,why (6)連接副詞 連接主語、賓語或表語從句:how,when,where,why (7)關(guān)系副詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句:when,where,why (8)其它性質(zhì)的副詞 對整個句子進(jìn)行說明,一般用逗號與主句隔開:frankly(坦率地說,說真的),generally(一般說來),luckily(幸運地是),first of all(首先)等。2副詞的用法及位置(1)修飾動詞作狀語多數(shù)位于動詞之后,及物動詞

34、的賓語或介問的賓語之后。egThe farmers are working hard in the field She speaks English well .The nurse looks after the babies carefully頻度副詞放在動詞前,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞之后。egHe always goes to school on footShe was often late for school I have never been to Beijing(2)修飾形容詞作狀語,放在形容詞前。egHe has a very nice watchThe box is too heav

35、y.(3)修飾另一副詞作狀語,放在另一副詞前。egShe paints quite wellYou speak too fast(4)作表語,放在系動詞后。 egIs anybody in/here?(5)作賓語補足語,放在賓語之后。 egI saw him out just now(6)作定語,放在名詞之后。egThere is a man here on vacation (7)疑問副詞、修飾整個句子的副詞以及perhaps,first,sometimes,finally等副詞,一般放在句首。egFinally,I finished the work Perhaps hes watchin

36、g TV at home (8)表示程度的副詞一般放在被修飾詞前,而enough則放在它所修飾的詞后。eg. He is old enough to go to school (三)形容詞和副詞的比較等級1比較級、最高級的構(gòu)成(1)單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加er或est:great-greatergreatest,youngyoungeryoungest,slowslowerslowest以e結(jié)尾的只加r或st:nicenicer-nicest,largelargerlargest以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先變y為i,再加er或est:heavyheavierheaviest,easyeas

37、iereasiest, busybusierbusiest,funnyfunnierfunniest,earlyearlierearliest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,先雙寫最末的一個輔音字母,再加er或est bigbiggerbiggest,thinthinnerthinnest,fatfatterfattest,htfitterfittest(2)多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞,前加more為比較級,加(the)most為最高級carefulmore carefulmost careful usefulmore usefulmost useful(3)不規(guī)則變化的詞:goodwellbetterbes

38、t badillbadlyworseworst manymuchmoremost littlelessleast oldolderelderoldest(指年齡大小)eldest(指長幼順序)farfartherfurtherfarthest(指距離)furthest(指程度)2形容詞和副詞比較級、最高級的用法 (1)形容詞和副詞比較級的用法用于兩者比較,表示“比更”:“A+系動詞+形容詞比較級+than+B,egI am two years older than my little sister “A+謂語動詞+副詞比較級+than+: eg She gets to school earli

39、er than the other students用于兩者之間的同級比較,表示“和一樣”:“A+系動詞+as+形容詞原級+as+B.eg.Bill is as funny as his father“A+謂語動詞+as+副詞原級+as+B” eg.Lucy speaks Chinese as well as Lily.表示甲在某方面不如乙: “A+系動詞+notasso+形容i司原級+as十B”egThese books arent as interesting as those“A+助動詞情態(tài)動詞+not+謂語動詞+aSSO+B”:She didnt sing so well then a

40、s she usually does表示某個范圍內(nèi)的兩者相比: “A十動詞十the+比較級+of短語(比較范圍)” egPenny is the taller of the two girlsPenny是這兩個女孩中較高的一個。表示“越來越”:“比較級+and+比較級”egIn spring the days are getting longer and longer 表示“越就越”;“the+比較級;the+比較級”egThe mort:you practice using English,the better youll learn it 你英語練得越多,就會學(xué)得越好??梢杂胢uch,fa

41、r,even,a bit,a little,a lot等修飾比較級表示程度,但決不可用very修飾。egTom is a little taller than MikeTom比Mike稍高一點;It is even colder today than yesterday。 今天甚至比昨天更冷在比較級中,為了避免重復(fù),可用that或those代替前面提到過的事情。egThe weather here is much hotter than that Ofour hometown這兒比我的老家熱得多。The pants in this shop are a lot better than thos

42、e in that shop. (3)形容詞和副詞最高級的用法:對三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時用最高級。形容詞最高級前面要加定冠詞the,副詞最高級前可加the,也可省掉the;后面可帶ofin短浯來說明比較范圍: “主語+系動詞+the+形容詞最高級+of短語in短語”egShe is the youngest Ofall “A+謂語動詞+(the)+最高級+of短語in短語” egLinda draws most carefully in her class 五、冠詞(art)用在名詞前,幫助說明其意義.冠詞分為不定冠詞aan和定冠詞the,放在名詞前、a3n用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前(a用于

43、輔音音素開頭的詞前,an用于元音音素開頭的詞前)。1不定冠詞 (1)不定冠詞的用法 泛指類人或物。 egThis is a pencil caseSheS a doctor指不具體的某個人或物。eg.I met an old man On my way home用在序數(shù)詞前,相當(dāng)于another。egTheres a third boy near the shop.表示“每(個)”,相當(dāng)于every。egThey have music lessons twice a week固定搭配。 a lot of,a lot,a little,a few,a glass Of,such aan, hav

44、e a word with,have a look,have a try,have a swim,a quarter,half an hour, three times a day,have a talk,give a talk,ten Yuan a kilo (2)不定冠詞的位置:不定冠詞般放在所修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。eg,a bike,an egg當(dāng)名詞被such,what,many修飾時,不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。egIt took me half an hour to finish my homework. He left in such a hurry that he forgot t

45、o close the door .What a dangerous job it is!Many a man has gone to the big cities for work當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞前有so,how,too等詞時,不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took theblind man to the stationHow nice a film this is!當(dāng)名詞前面有形容詞和quite,rather,very時,不定冠詞放在quite,rather之后,very之前。egIt is quite a good bo

46、okThat is rather a useful too1.This is a very interesting story2定冠詞的用法表示上文中所提到過的人或物。eg:l have two children,a boy and a girlThe boys name is MarkThe girls name is Penny.(2)特指某(些)人或物。 eg: The girl in a red dress comes from America(3)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或物。eg: My shoes are under the bed(4)用在形容最高級和部分比較級前。eg To

47、m is the taller of the two boys(5)用在序數(shù)詞前。 eg Monday is the second day of a week(6)yo用在世界上獨一無二的事物前(如太陽、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。 cg The moon moves round the earth(7)用在某些形容詞前,表示類人或物。therich(富人),the poor(窮人),the deaf(聾人),the blind(盲人),the dead(死者),the wounded(傷員)(8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前,表示“某某家人”或“某某夫婦”。 egThe Greens are hav

48、ing dinner at home(9)用在樂器前。 egplay the pianoguitarviolindrums(10)用于逢“十”的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前,指某個世紀(jì)中的幾十年代或人的大約年歲。eg. In the 1970s,a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometownI think he is in the thirties(11)用在某些專有名詞和習(xí)慣用語中。the United Nations,the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Palace Museum,in the end,in

49、 the day,in the middle of,all the time,in the east,by the way,On the way to,the Ou River, the Yandang Mountain3不用冠詞的情況(1)名詞前有指示代詞this,that,these,those時不用冠詞。 egThat girl is my friend(2)名詞前有物主代詞my,your,his her,their等時不用冠詞。egLucy is her sister(3)名詞前有whose,which,SO1ie,any,each,every等代詞時不用冠詞。egWhich man

50、is Mr Green?Each student has a beautiful picture(4)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或物時不用冠詞。egThose young men are teachers,not students(5)物質(zhì)名詞表示種類時不用冠詞。 egSnow is white(6)抽象名詞表示一般概念時不用冠詞。egDoes she like music?(8)在三餐前不用冠詞。eghave breakfastlunchsupperdinnerhave a big dinner(9)在人名、地名、節(jié)假日、星期、月份前不用。Eg. Tina,Wenzhou,New Years Day

51、,Tuesday,January(10)在學(xué)科和節(jié)目名稱前不用冠詞。 egMy favorite is English(11)在某些固定搭配中不用冠詞。egat noon, at work,at home,by bus, by air,On foot,from morning till night,at night,go to school,go to bed,at last4.在有些詞組中,用冠詞和不用冠詞意思有較大區(qū)別。in hospital(在住院);in the hospital(在醫(yī)院) in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在監(jiān)獄里)at table(吃飯,用餐

52、);at the table(在桌旁) go to college(上大學(xué));go to the college(去那所大學(xué))in front of(在某個范圍之外的前面);in the front of(在某個范圍之外的前面)take place(發(fā)生);take the place(代替)六、數(shù)詞 (一)基數(shù)詞 在英語中表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。1基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成(1)1-20 :one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,ei

53、ghteen,nineteen,twenty(2)21-99 先說“幾十”,再說“幾”,中間加連字符。23twenty-three,34thirty-four(3)101999先說“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);586five hundred and eighty-six (4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個“,”,第一個“,”前為thousand第二個“,”前為 million,第三個“,”前為billion(美式)或thousand ,million(英式),然后一節(jié)一節(jié)地表示。6,260,309six million two hundred and sixty

54、thousand three hundred and nine2基數(shù)詞的用法 (1)作主語egFour Of them come from Paris(2)作賓語eg一 How many books would you like?一I would like two(3)作表語egSeven minus two is five(4)作定語egThere are three people in my family(5)作同位語eg. You two will go swimming with us(6)表具體數(shù)字時,hundred,thousand,million用單數(shù)。eg. There are

55、 six hundred students in our grade(7)表不確定的數(shù)字時,數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。若帶名詞,再加of hundreds of(數(shù)百,成百上千的),thousands of(數(shù)干,成千上萬的),millions of(數(shù)百萬)eg,They arrived in two sand threes他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋砹恕?8)表示“十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)可以表示人的歲數(shù)或年代。eg. He is in his early thirties他有三十來歲(3134歲):This took place in the 1930s這事發(fā)生在二十世紀(jì)三十年代;(9)表示時刻egI watch CCTV News at seven oclock every evening. (二)序數(shù)詞 在英語中表示順序、次序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。1、序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加thegfourfourth,thirteenthirteenth(2)不規(guī)則變化 onefirst,

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