高中虛擬語氣

1、高考沖刺教材語法 第 講 虛擬語氣適用學(xué)科英語適用年級高三年級適用區(qū)域人教版課時時長（分鐘）120分鐘知識點1. 虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的運用。 2. 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用。3. 虛擬語氣在as if / as though引導(dǎo)的從句中的運用。 4. 虛擬語氣在定語從句和狀語從句中的運用。學(xué)習(xí)目標讓學(xué)生了解虛擬語氣的考點，并學(xué)會做該類型的高考題。學(xué)習(xí)重點2. 虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的運用。 2. 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用。1. 虛擬語氣在as if / as though引導(dǎo)的從句中的運用。學(xué)習(xí)難點虛擬語氣在各從句中的運用。學(xué)習(xí)過程 一、課堂導(dǎo)入復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課所學(xué)情態(tài)動詞，并引入虛

2、擬語氣：虛擬語氣為高考英語考綱要求內(nèi)容，且是高考內(nèi)容中的難點之一。預(yù)計在以后的高考中，可能會對虛擬語氣進行考查，且通過虛擬語氣形式考查某種時態(tài)的某個形式。二、知識講解必考點1 ：虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的運用。 情況從句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+動詞的過去式（be動詞用were）主語+should/ would/ could/ might+動詞原形If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad.與過去事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+ had +過去分詞主語+should/ would/ could/ might+ have +

3、過去分詞If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.與將來事實相反的假設(shè)1. If +主語+動詞的過去式2. If +主語+were to+動詞原形3. If +主語+should+動詞原形主語+should/ would/ could/ might+動詞原形If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.使用該虛擬條件句時，要注意以下幾點：1. 省略if的倒裝句在虛擬條件句中，可將if省略，把we

4、re，had，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。如：If I were at school again, I should study harder. If were I at school again, I should study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus. Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. Should it ra

5、in tomorrow, we would not go camping.注意：當(dāng)省略的條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，不能用動詞的縮略形式。如：我們可以說：were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但不能說：werent it for the expense, I would go abroad now.2. 錯綜時間條件句當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：If you had followed my advice jus

6、t now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.3. 含蓄條件句有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，而是暗含在上下文中。(1) 用with，without或but for等來代替條件從句。如：Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, we couldnt have finished

7、 the work ahead of time. = If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. = Had it not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.(2) 用otherwise, or（or else）等表示與上文相反的情況。如：I lost your address. Otherwise, I would have visited you long before

8、. = I lost your address. If I hadnt lost your address, I would have visited you long before. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.4. even if, even though也可用于虛擬語氣，其形式與if從句在虛擬語氣中的形式相同。必考點2：虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用。1. 用于賓語從句中(1)wish后的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞構(gòu)成

9、形式為：一般過去時（賓語從句動作與wish同時）如：I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.had+過去分詞（賓語從句動詞先于wish）如：I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.would/ could/ might+動詞原形（賓語從句動詞后于wish） 如：I wish it would be Sunday tomorrow. 此外，if only+句子 = How I wish+ that從句（從句可省略）。如：If only I were a fly

10、ing bird! = How I wish I were a flying bird!(2)用于表示建議、命令、要求等動詞后的賓語從句中，常見的動詞有：一堅持（insist），二命令（order，command），三要求(require, request, demand) , 四建議(advise, suggest, propose, recommend)等。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should+ 動詞原形”，should可以省略。如：He advised that we (should) start off early the next day.注意：當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”

11、之意，insist表示“堅持說”之意時，suggest/ insist后的賓語從句不使用虛擬語氣，應(yīng)使用陳述語氣。如：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.(3)在would rather后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用一般過去時（be用were），表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M；賓語從句謂語動詞用過去完成時，表示對過去的虛擬。如：I would rather they didnt hear of the n

12、ews.I would rather I had not told him the bad news.2. 用于主語從句中It is desired/ suggested/ proposed/ recommended/ necessary/ important/ strange/ natural/ a pity/ essential+ that從句，從句的謂語動詞用“should+ 動詞原形”，should可以省略。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.It is strange that he

13、(should) have acted toward his parents like that. (從句謂語動詞的動作在主句謂語動詞的動作之前發(fā)生時，要用“should have + 過去分詞”，should可以省略)注意：以上句式也可以用陳述語氣。Its a pity that you cant dance.3. 用于表語從句和同位語從句中在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成是“should+ 動詞原形”，should可以省略。如：My idea is that

14、 we (should) think it over before accepting it. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.必考點3：虛擬語氣在 as if/ as though引導(dǎo)的從句中的運用。as if/ as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句或表語從句，有時要用虛擬語氣形式，其形式為：1. 一般過去時（狀語從句動作與主句謂語動詞所表達的動作同時發(fā)生）如：He looks as if he were an artist.2. 過去完成時（狀語從句動作先于主句謂語

15、動詞所表達的動作）如：She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.3. would/ could/ might+ 動詞原形（狀語從句動作后于主句謂語動詞所表達的動作）如：He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.必考點4：虛擬語氣在定語從句和狀語從句中的運用1. 在定語從句中It is（high）time (that) 句型中，定語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，或用“should+ 動詞原形”(其中should不能省略)。此句

16、型意為“（現(xiàn)在）該”, 用來表示提建議。如：It is (high) time that you went to school. It is (high) time that we should start out.2. 在目的狀語從句中在in case, for fear that, in order that, so that等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，動詞用“could/ should/ might/ would+動詞原形”，表示虛擬。如：They left early for fear that they would meet him. But I gave you a map so th

17、at you wouldnt get lost!三、例題精析【例題1】 We _(be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.【答案】 should/could/would/might be【解析】句意：如果你沒有丟掉地圖，我們現(xiàn)在就回到賓館了。本題考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意可知，if 引導(dǎo)的從句是對過去事實的闡述，而主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬，其謂語動詞應(yīng)為：should/could/would/might + do的結(jié)構(gòu)?！纠}2】_ (catch) the morning train, he would not have been

18、 late for the meeting.【答案】Had he caught【解析】句意：要是他趕上了早晨的火車，那他就不會開會遲到了。本題考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意，此處是與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語從句應(yīng)該用過去完成時。本題為省略if 的虛擬條件句，應(yīng)該把助動詞had提到句首，變成倒裝句式?！纠}3】It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _(do) it?【答案】had done【解析】句意：是John打壞的窗戶，你為什么和我說呢？好像是我打壞的一樣。本題考查虛擬語氣。第一句已經(jīng)說明是John

19、打壞的窗戶，所以第二句as if 后面要用虛擬語氣，而且是對過去的虛擬，故填had done?！纠}4】_(be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 【答案】Were【解析】句意：要是沒有現(xiàn)代化的通訊工具，我們要等上幾周才能獲取世界各地的新聞。本題考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)主句謂語結(jié)構(gòu)would have to 可知設(shè)空處表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，if條件狀語從句謂語應(yīng)為“動詞的過去式”，即if there were，在虛擬條件句中

20、可以省略if，把were提到句首?！纠}5】They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they_(come) to our help.【答案】would have come【解析】句意：我們在做調(diào)查的那幾個月，他們在國外，否則他們會來給我們幫忙的?？疾樘摂M語氣。由句意可知設(shè)空處表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。四、知識運用及練習(xí)1People are recycling many things which they _(throw) away in the past.2If Mr

21、. Dewey _(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.3. We would rather our daughter _(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.4. If we _(book) a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.5. I _ (go) to my cousins

22、 birthday party last night, but I was not available.6. My mom suggests that we_ eat out for a change this weekend.7. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam_ at the age of six months old.8. Do you think George has passed the driving test? No. If so, he _(drive) his car to our college yest

23、erday.9. I should not have laughed if I _(think) you were serious.10. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he_ (do) something instead of just talking.11. Dont handle the vase as if it _ (be) made of steel.12. We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold_ (offer) us a ride home.13. If we _ (

24、make) adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.14. If my car _ (be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.15. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ (live) there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.16. Sorry, I am too busy now. if I _（have）t