專四詞匯語(yǔ)法(完整)

1、專四語(yǔ)言知識(shí)專四語(yǔ)言知識(shí)Dorothyn題型特點(diǎn)：題型特點(diǎn)：*總共20題，分值20分，時(shí)間10分鐘*語(yǔ)法題10道，詞匯題10道*語(yǔ)法居前，詞匯居后n小練：小練：n62. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _ a threat to the human race than environmental destruction. (2007專四） A.no more B. not more C. even more D. much more nHe is no more dilig

2、ent than his brother.nHe is not more diligent than his brother.nHe is no less diligent than his brother.和和一樣不一樣不不超過(guò)，不比不超過(guò)，不比更更不亞于，和不亞于，和一樣一樣He is no more than a worker. (just)Not more than 5 students passed the exam. (at most)比如：詞匯題n58. We should make a clear _ between competent and proficient for t

3、he purposes of our discussion. （2000） A. separation B. division C. distinction D. difference n56. Being colour-blind, Sally cant make a _between red and green. （2001） A. difference B. distinction C. comparison D. division n63. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n) _ room in t

4、he hotels here. (2002) A. empty B. vacant C.free D. desertedn60. During the summer holiday season there are no _ rooms in this seaside hotel.（2003） A.empty B.blank C.deserted D.vacant n57.Jimmy earns his living by _ works of art in the museum.（2004） A. recovering B. restoring C. renewing D. reviving

5、n67 A great amount of work has gone into _ the Cathedral to its previous splendour. （2006） A refreshing B restoring C renovating D renewing n80 The couple has donated a not_ amount of money to the foundation. （2006） A inconsiderable B inconsiderate C inaccurate D incomparable n67. On the road motori

6、sts should be aware of cyclists and be _ towards them. （2008） A. considerable B. considering C. considerate D. consideredn62.He plays tennis to the _ of all other sports.（2004） A. eradication B. exclusion C. extension D. inclusion n68. The bar in the club is for the _ use of its members. （2007）A.ext

7、ensive B.exclusive C.inclusive D. comprehensivenexclusive news / report / store / club nAre we exclusive?語(yǔ)法題n53. She _ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference. (2009) A. had been B. must be C. has been D. must have beenn56. She _ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference. （2007） A.

8、 must be B.had been C.could be D. must have beenn51. _ at in this way, the present economic situation doesnt seem so gloomy. （2000） A. Looking B. Looked C. Having looked D. To look n64. _ at in his way, the situation doesnt seem so desperate. （2007） A. Looking B.Looked C.Being looked D. To look n 45

9、. Intellect is to the mind _sight is to the body.（2001） A. what B. as C. that D.liken53. Nine is to three _ three is to one. （2008） A. when B. that C. which D. what專四特殊句型：專四特殊句型：A is to B what C is to D讓步狀語(yǔ)從句特殊句型as 引導(dǎo)讓步從句，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，把強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分置于句首。引導(dǎo)讓步從句，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，把強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分置于句首。 n48. Fool _Jane is, she could no

10、t have done such a thing.（2002） A. who B. as C. that D.like n49. _ I like economics, I like sociology much better.（2003） A. As mush as B.So much C.How much D.Much as n55. _ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. （2008） A. Much though B. M

11、uch as C. As much D. Though much專四語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：專四語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：n虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 n時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)n主謂一致主謂一致n非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞n情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞n定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 （+狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句+名詞性從句）名詞性從句）n反義疑問(wèn)句反義疑問(wèn)句n專四特色短語(yǔ)專四特色短語(yǔ)+句型句型n虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)時(shí) 間間 If If 條件句條件句主主 句句過(guò)過(guò) 去去had donewould/might/could/should + have done現(xiàn)現(xiàn) 在在did / werewould/might/could/should +do

12、將將 來(lái)來(lái)should dowere to dodid / werewould/might/could/should +don例句：例句：About marriagenIf you had married me before, you would not have gone through such a difficult period.(過(guò)去）nIf I were you, I would marry the guy in front of you. （現(xiàn)在）nIf I were a man in the afterworld, I would marry a girl exactly li

13、ke myself. （將來(lái)）nIf the sun were to/should rise in the west tomorrow, I would think about marrying you.（將來(lái)）n錯(cuò)綜條件句：錯(cuò)綜條件句： 當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。如：nIf they had worked hard, they would be very tired now. (從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在)n

14、If you had married me before，you would not have gone through such a difficult period.nIf you had married me before，you would be very happy now.n虛擬句通?？商摂M句通?？墒÷允÷詉f，變換形式，即，變換形式，即“were / had / should +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)”。 n例句：例句：nIf you had married me before, you would not have gone through such a difficult period.n

15、If I were you, I would take it.nIf I had time right now, I would go with you.nIf it were to/should rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.n賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句中中：insist, suggest, require, request, demand, propose, maintain, recommend, 等動(dòng)詞表建議、愿望時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣-Should +Vn主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句中中：It is + adj. th

16、at 句型中出現(xiàn)形容詞如necessary, vital, imperative, critical, crucial, urgent, strange, disappointing, 或過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~如suggested, proposed, advised, demanded, requested, required等時(shí)，that 句中用 should + V表示虛擬。n 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句中。中。n常用句型常用句型“It is (high)time (that) ”中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be用用were) Its time that I

17、 picked up my daughter. Its high time we went to bed.n讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中中 be or nBe it fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting. = Whether it (may) be fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting.nOur civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledgebe it scientific or artistic. 42

18、._, I would marry him all the same. (2004)A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poorn在在if only引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的感嘆句感嘆句中。中。 If only I were a bird. （現(xiàn)在） If only I had taken his advice. (過(guò)去）nWhats more?nwas (were) +to have done （不定式完成式）表示“原來(lái)想做而未做”后面通常but（陳述語(yǔ)氣）。 nEg.

19、 I was to have arrived home on time, but my car was held up by a bad traffic jam. 55.Linda was _ the experiment a month ago but she changed her mind at the last minute.（2007）A.to start B. to have started C.to be starting D. to have been startingn回想總結(jié)回想總結(jié)n三時(shí)間三時(shí)間n一交叉一交叉n一省略一省略n五句子五句子n一特殊一特殊n真題展示：真題展示：

20、n49. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there_ quite such a crowd of people there.（2000） A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt ben50. _for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.（2002） A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was it not D. Were it n

21、ot n51. “What courses are you going to do next semester?” “I dont know. But its about time _on something.” （2002） A. I d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I m deciding n44._ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? （2004）A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had

22、you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised n51. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. （2005） A. would be B. will have been C. was D. weren60. That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against hi

23、m. （2005）A. betrayedtake B. had betrayedtook C. has betrayedtook D. has betrayedtaken52. If only I _play the guitar as well as you! （2006） A would B could C should D mightn54 Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests. (2006) A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop n59 It is imperative that

24、 the government _ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. (2006) A attracts B shall attract C attract D has to n54. If only the patient _ a different treatment instead of using the antibodies he might still be alive now. (2007) A.had received B.received C.should receive D. were receiving n65

25、. It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite of learning difficulties. (2007)A.will continue B.continued C.continue D. continues n52. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now. (2008) A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would getn5

26、2. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier to learn.(2009) A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have beenn60. It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delay. (2010) A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand inn61. Its getting late. Id rather you _ n

27、ow.(2011) A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. will leaven54. Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood? (2013)A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o clock.B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C. Walk straight ahead, and dont turn till the second t

28、raffic lights.D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.n63. If it _ tomorrow, the match would be put off. (2013) A. were to rain B. was to rain C. was raining D. had rainedn51. It is essential that he _ all the facts first. (2014) A. is examining B. will examine C. examines

29、 D. examinen58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. (2015) （對(duì)比2005) A. will be B. was C. would be D. weren時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)n基本時(shí)態(tài)：基本時(shí)態(tài)：n一般現(xiàn)在、n一般過(guò)去、n一般將來(lái)、n現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、n過(guò)去進(jìn)行、n將來(lái)進(jìn)行、n現(xiàn)在完成、n過(guò)去完成、n將來(lái)完成、n現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行、n過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、n過(guò)去將來(lái)、n基本時(shí)態(tài)：基本時(shí)態(tài)：n一般現(xiàn)在、n一般過(guò)去、n一般將來(lái)、n現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、n過(guò)去進(jìn)行、n將

30、來(lái)進(jìn)行、n現(xiàn)在完成、n過(guò)去完成、n將來(lái)完成、n現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行、n過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、n過(guò)去將來(lái)、I was doing the shopping this moment yesterday.I will be flying over the Atlantic this moment tomorrow.The train had gone before I arrived.The construction of bridge had been completed by the year 2007.The construction of bridge will have been completed b

31、y the year 2010.I have been learning English for 10 years.n真題展示：真題展示：n43. For some time now, world leaders_ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.（2002） A. had been pointing B. have been pointing C. were pointing D. pointed n42. Jack _from home for two days now, and I am beginning to wor

32、ry about his safety.(2003) A.has been missing B.has been missed C.had been missing D.was missed 54. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （1999） Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called52. I _ ping-pong quite well, bu

33、t I havent had time to play since the new year. (1998) A. will play B. have playedC. playedD. play說(shuō)明說(shuō)明：常識(shí)告訴我們，一個(gè)人一旦獲得某種技能，一般是常識(shí)告訴我們，一個(gè)人一旦獲得某種技能，一般是不會(huì)在短期內(nèi)失去的，所以需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。不會(huì)在短期內(nèi)失去的，所以需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。n63. In his plays Shakespeare _ his characters live through their language. （2008） A. would make B. had made C. m

34、ade D. makesn62. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. (1999) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left n55 The student said there were a few points in the essay he _ impossible to comprehend. (2006) A has found B was finding C had found D would findn46. AIDS

35、is said _ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.(2002) A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having been nProfessor Johnson is said _ some significant advance in his research in the past year. (1999) A. having made B. making C. to have made D. to maken60.

36、That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him. (2005)A. betrayedtake B. had betrayedtook C. has betrayedtook D. has betrayedtake附加習(xí)題附加習(xí)題 1. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A

37、. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changingB. has changed C. will have changedD. will change說(shuō)明說(shuō)明：選擇移動(dòng)電話難的原因是由于科技選擇移動(dòng)電話難的原因是由于科技正在正在飛速發(fā)展，飛速發(fā)展，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；況且進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)常給人一種情感上的所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；況且進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

38、常給人一種情感上的描述，表示說(shuō)話者的一種描述，表示說(shuō)話者的一種“感慨、贊賞、憤怒、斥責(zé)感慨、贊賞、憤怒、斥責(zé)”等。等。3. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. paintedB. had painted C. have been paintingD. have painted4. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A had consideredB

39、 has been considering C consideredD is going to consider說(shuō)明說(shuō)明：這句話的意思是這句話的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室我一整天都在刷起居室”，現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，從過(guò)去開(kāi)始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中而且還在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“一直在做一直在做”。說(shuō)明：說(shuō)明：她她“一直在考慮返校一直在考慮返?！笔乾F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，“還還沒(méi)作決定沒(méi)作決定”是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。5. The little girl _ her heart out because

40、she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. A. had cried, lostB. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lostD. cries, has lost 6. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone 說(shuō)明說(shuō)明：哭得傷心發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而丟玩具

41、熊發(fā)生在哭之前。兩個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，之前發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，之后發(fā)生的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。說(shuō)明說(shuō)明：“他沒(méi)叫我就走了”這個(gè)動(dòng)作明顯發(fā)生在“我認(rèn)為”之前。所以必須用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。7. - Youve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. A. Ill goB. Ive goneC. I goD. Im going說(shuō)明說(shuō)明：will 和 be going to 的區(qū)別8. Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. Awill be call

42、ing Bwill call Ccall Dam to call9. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ when trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killedB. is killedC. was killed D. was killing10. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. A. is to blameB. is going to blame C. is to be blamedD. should bla

43、me說(shuō)明說(shuō)明：不要被前面使用的現(xiàn)在時(shí)所蒙蔽，在地震中搶救小孩并獻(xiàn)身的動(dòng)作只能在過(guò)去。說(shuō)明說(shuō)明：be to blame 是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。n主謂一致主謂一致n大總結(jié)大總結(jié)：na great many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)nmany a + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)na number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)nthe number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)nthe majority of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)neach/every +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)nneither/either of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)nmore tha

44、n one +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)none and a half +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)n臨近原則臨近原則nEither or nNeither . NornNot only but also nNot butnThere ben非臨近原則非臨近原則n as well asn with n together withn along with n rather than n besides 改錯(cuò)！改錯(cuò)！1. The president of the company, together with the workers who come from America, are planning

45、 a conference for the purpose of solving the financial problems.2. There are a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.3. Either the principal or his assistants is to attend the meeting.4. The teacher as well as the students like this painting. n集體名詞集體名詞ncattle、folk 、people 、youth 、police（通常用作復(fù)數(shù)）

46、 The police have caught the murderer. The people whom you met in the campus yesterday are from England. narmy, audience、class、club、 committee、company、 crowd、family、 party、 staff、 team （根據(jù)意思決定單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)） The committee meet every Monday. He is on the committee that controls public spending. His family isnt

47、 very large. (對(duì)比His family are music lovers.)n表示時(shí)間、重量時(shí)間、重量 、長(zhǎng)度、距離、價(jià)值、長(zhǎng)度、距離、價(jià)值等單位的名詞以及概念上屬于整體的一個(gè)單元的名詞雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。 Ten years is only a moment in history. Two copies is enough. Three hours is not a long time to wait.n書(shū)名、電影名或格言書(shū)名、電影名或格言等專有名詞做主語(yǔ),如果主語(yǔ)是一本書(shū)的名字、電影的名字或一個(gè)格言等專有名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 “Gone with th

48、e Wind” is an interesting novel. “The Scent of a Woman” is an awarded film. No Pains, No Gains is a widely quoted proverb.n學(xué)科名詞做主語(yǔ),表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞如physics, mathematics, economics, politics, electronics, statistics 做主語(yǔ)，雖然形式上以復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)尾,但應(yīng)為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)。 In my opinion, physics is a difficult subject. Politics is an

49、 interesting topic for many men.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致Egg and milk is a good breakfast. (這里的雞蛋和牛奶都指一頓早飯，不可分割) Fish and chips(炸魚(yú)土豆片 ) is a popular supper here.當(dāng)and連接的并列名詞詞組帶有each, every或者many a 等限定詞時(shí)，隨后動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.Every boy and gir

50、l in the class is given a copy of the photo.主語(yǔ)后跟有由as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)或詞組，取決于主語(yǔ)本身形式。nWhats more?nHe is one of the students in our class who (have/has) passed the CET-4.nHe is the only one of the st

51、udents in our class who (have/has) passed the CET-6.n真題展示真題展示：n62 The statistics _ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times. (2006)A proves B is proving C are proving D prove Statistics is not as difficult as some people think.n52. All the Presidents Men _one of th

52、e important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal. (2007)A.remain B. remains C.remained D. is remaining n50. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because _going to agree upon anything today.(2003) A.neither you nor I are B.neither you nor me is C.neither you nor I am D.neither

53、me nor you aren51.Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, _ for Europe this afternoon.(2004) A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. leave n非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)總結(jié)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)總結(jié)n不定式不定式n動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞n分詞分詞n不定式：不定式：n在在 Its + adj. 結(jié)構(gòu)中都用不定式作主語(yǔ)。注意兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中都用不定式作主語(yǔ)。注意兩種句型：句型：n Its easy (difficult, hard,

54、 important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, too much, too little, not enough) 后加 for sb. to don Its kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave后加 of sb. to don 動(dòng)名詞：動(dòng)名詞：n1.必須接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞必須接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞nacknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit,

55、 confess, consider, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, practice, postpone, recall, risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：nI appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad.n 2.動(dòng)名詞做介詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞做介詞短語(yǔ) (to是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào))nobject to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be acc

56、ustomed to, be committed to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be (get) used to, get down to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, on the way to。nI am looking forward to visiting your hometown.n分詞：分詞：n如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟句子中的邏輯主語(yǔ)呈如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟句子中的邏輯主語(yǔ)呈主動(dòng)主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞在分詞doing.n如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟句子中的邏輯主語(yǔ)呈如果非謂

57、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟句子中的邏輯主語(yǔ)呈被動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞去分詞done.nsee 1._ from the mountain, we shouted “how are you doing”. 2._ from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.nWin / defeat 1._ in the war, the state began to break down. 2._ the war, the country began to establish its own financial and political systems

58、.n現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)特性現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)特性-時(shí)間性。時(shí)間性。n與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生同時(shí)發(fā)生，用一般時(shí)，用一般時(shí)doing，n發(fā)生發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)則用完成式時(shí)則用完成式having done。nWatching VS Having watched1._ the movie “Titanic”, he couldnt help crying.2._ the movie “ Titanic” for 5 times, he refused to go the cinema with me.nLiving VS Having lived1._ in China for ten

59、years, he took a Chinese girl as his wife.2._ in a small countryside in China, he spent all his time in gardening.n 分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)n分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為句子的主語(yǔ)，否則分詞短語(yǔ)要有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，稱為分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)只是句子的一個(gè)部分。如：nAll flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.nDarkness set

60、ting in, the young couple lingered in the bar.It being +名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. (1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C.which D. that (2) He wrote a lot of nove