【學(xué)案】句子的基本成分及句型 學(xué)案

1、 校本資源句子的基本成分、基本句型句子的基本成分 【問】什么是句子成分？英語句子包含哪些成分？【答】組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。包括： 、 、 、 、 、 和 等。 一、主語：主語是句子說明的人或事物“是什么”或“是誰”。主語一般位于_ 。 Jane is good at playing the piano. 簡擅長彈鋼琴。 She went out in a hurry. 她匆忙出去了。 The old should hand on the torch of knowledge to the young. 老年人應(yīng)該把知識的火炬?zhèn)鬟f給年輕人。 To see is to believe. 眼

2、見為實。 Smoking is bad for health. 吸煙有害健康。 【歸納】 主語通常由 _ 詞、_詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、_、_以及主語從句充當(dāng)。 謂語動詞：說明主語做什么或怎么樣。We love China. 我們愛中國。He can speak English. 他會說英語。We have finished reading this book. 我們看完了這本書。礪志、篤學(xué)、博愛、拓新 校本資源【歸納】 謂語由 動詞 或 動詞短語 充當(dāng)，位于主語之后。（1） _動詞 可單獨作謂語（2） _ 動詞 和 _ 動詞需要和 實義動詞 一起構(gòu)成謂語。（3） 連系動詞 和 表語 一起構(gòu)

3、成謂語。 賓語： 表示動作涉及的對象或承受者， 一般放在_或_后面。 She has a very pleasant smile. 她笑得很燦爛。 I think (that) he is fit for his office. 我認(rèn)為他適合這個職務(wù)。 Lend me your dictionary, please. 請借給我你的詞典。 【歸納】 賓語常由 _詞、代詞、動名詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞組和_等充當(dāng)。【雙賓語】直接賓語與間接賓語有些動詞可帶有兩個賓語，其中一個指物sth（直接賓語），另一個指人sb（間接賓語）。v+sth+sb 動詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（物）He lends

4、me a book. He bought me a big house. You teach me English. 賓語補足語：對賓語進(jìn)行補充說明的成分。 句式結(jié)構(gòu)： V.+ 賓語+ 賓補 My parents ask me to study hard. 我父母要求我努力學(xué)習(xí)。They painted their boat white. 他們把船漆成白色。I will keep everything clean. 我會保持一切干凈。礪志、篤學(xué)、博愛、拓新 校本資源【歸納】 賓補一般由 _詞、_詞、動詞不定式、副詞、分詞和介詞短語等充當(dāng)。 表語：用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)。一般位于 系動詞

5、 之后。 His words sounded reasonable. 他的話聽起來很合理的。 She is in good health. 她很健康。 My father is a professor. 我父親是一位教授?！練w納】位于系動詞之后，由_詞、代詞、_詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、_詞短語、副詞及表語從句充當(dāng)。定語前置定語：_ 后置定語：_后置定語：用來修飾_或_?？煞譃榍爸枚ㄕZ和后置定語。 1.You are the most beautiful girls. 2.The man under the tree is my teacher.3.The swimming boy is

6、 my brother.4.The boy swimming in the river is my brother. 5.Do you know the man who is talking to your mother? 【歸納】定語一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、_、動名詞、_詞、介詞短語和從句等充當(dāng)。七、狀語：修飾_、_、_或_。礪志、篤學(xué)、博愛、拓新 校本資源狀語可說明時間、地點、方式、原因、結(jié)果、目的條件、讓步、方向、程度等。1. He is often late for class.2. We saw that picture at the cinema.3. They di

7、d everything they could to save the boys life.4. The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. 5. He was angry because we were late.6. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.【歸納】狀語一般由_詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞、_詞短語、獨立主格和從句等充當(dāng)?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】寫出黑體部分所作的句子成分1. Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food an

8、d scenery. ( )2. We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways. ( )3. The musician along with his band members has given the performance in the last three months. ( )4. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happie

9、r than those who are not. ( )5. Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees professional development. ( )礪志、篤學(xué)、博愛、拓新 校本資源6. Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people flexible options to exercise. ( )7. I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but

10、I couldnt mange it. ( )8. To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. ( )9. Learning to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future. ( )10. We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming tr

11、ue. ( )句子類型1. 主+謂 Times flies.2. 主+謂+狀 She sings beautifully.3. 主+謂+賓 I love you.4. 主+謂+賓+狀 I wrote a letter yesterday.5. 主+謂+間賓+直賓 I give you my heart. 【注意】常跟雙賓語的動詞：bring, give, lend, offer, promise, send, show, teach, tell; buy, choose, find, get, make, order.6. 主+謂+賓+賓補 You make me happy.7. 主+系+表

12、 You are my everything.礪志、篤學(xué)、博愛、拓新 校本資源【鞏固練習(xí)】寫出下列簡單句所使用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)1. Id like to make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon. ( )2. At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving. ( )3. I will have to have my photograph taken. ( )4. Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic projec

13、t. ( )5. I want to see Mr. White. ( )6. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment. ( )7. Jim has retired. ( )8. You are waiting at a wrong place. ( )9. Michael was late for Mr. Smiths chemistry class this morning. ( )課后訓(xùn)練分析下列句子成分和句子類型。1. They arrived yesterday2. Children often sing th

14、is song.3. We keep our classroom clean and tidy.礪志、篤學(xué)、博愛、拓新 校本資源4. She showed her friends to us.5. The bike is new.6. He looks at her face carefully.7. Tom is sleeping on the bed.8. A dog ran after him.9. Sunshine makes us warm.10. I taught you English.11. Alice sent him flowers.12. A big smile is on her face.13. Leaves are yellow in autumn.14. He wears a black hat.15. The woman carrying a baby is my mother.Answers: 一、【答案】謂語動詞前； 名 ， 代， 動詞不