大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第二課課件

1、SAM ADAMS, INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER Industrial engineer:A person who helps plan the production line, designs or adapts details essential to the manufacturing and who often offers advice on the efficiency of production throughout each phase of the manufacturing process.American educational systemKindergar

2、tenElementary schoolHigh school: Junior high schoolSenior high schoolCollege 四年本科，主要授予B.A. 和B.S.University 授予B.A. B.S. M.A.和PhDGeneral Introduction:The text is mainly about Sam Adams, a “born” industrial engineer. When he was a little boy,he was the “efficiency expert” for the family.After the gradu

3、ation from college he was asked to work as a “consultant” In a shirt factory. Because of his good qualities, we can say, he was quite competent to the task. He found many amazing problems in his efficient way and made many suggestions which were very helpful for improving production, and his suggest

4、ion were well-received by the owners.Organization of the text:The text can be divided into four parts:Section 1: (paras. 1-4)When a boy, he was the “efficiency” expert for the family.Section 2: (paras. 5-6)After he graduated from college, he was asked to work as a “consultant” in a shirt factory.Sec

5、tion 3: (paras. 7-10)He was amazed at what he saw in the factory.Section 4: (remaining paras.)He made many suggestions and all of them were accepted. New wordsNeat (1) tidye.g. Teacher should be neat about his appearance. Mrs. Frank keeps a neat house.(2)cleverly said or done e.g. The foreign Minist

6、ry spokesman gave the reporter a neat answer. 2.Consult:（1) vt. To go( a person, book, etc.) for information, advice, an opinion, etc.請(qǐng)教；參考/查閱（書）；咨詢 To work as a consultant 當(dāng)顧問(wèn) e.g. Have you consulted your doctor about your illness? Tom consults for a large company.(2) vi. Consult with 商量，商議3. Miss(

7、1) 逃脫，免于 不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式，可跟動(dòng)名詞。如不能說(shuō)miss to be caught,而應(yīng)說(shuō)miss being caught 未被逮住。(2) 發(fā)覺(jué)沒(méi)有 “發(fā)現(xiàn)鋼筆丟失” 可說(shuō) I missed my pen this afternoon.還可說(shuō)I found my pen missing this afternoon,其中的missing 不能換成 missed.(3) 思念 e.g. I missed you very much. (4) missing adj. 缺掉的，失去的，失蹤的，下落不明的。 e.g. A book with some pages missing.4.Re

8、lieve vt.To lessen(pain or trouble) 減輕（痛苦或負(fù)擔(dān)，捆擾等）- There were no breaks in the day to relieve the boring work.(2) Free somebody from anxiety 使（人）安心，放心- The news relieved me.(3) Give help to those in need 救助， 救濟(jì)- Food was sent to relieve the poor.Relief n. 解除；救濟(jì)(1) Relieve 后接of 或from,常見搭配是：relieve sb

9、. of a burden/a task/an obligation/the trouble/the housework ; relieve sb. from pain/suffering/temptation/anxiety5. Major adj.,n.& v.adj. Greater or more important 主要的， 重要的，較大的 - Its a major scientific discovery. - The major part of her life was spent in China.(2) n. Specialty or a student specializ

10、ing in a certain field of study 專業(yè)，主修學(xué)生 - She chose physics as her major. - He is an English major.(3) vi. Specialize in 主修，專攻 - I majored in English.Phrases1.turn outHappen to be in the end 結(jié)果是- It turned out that he was never there.- The English evening turned out a great success.(2) Produce 生產(chǎn)- T

11、he factory can turn out 100 cars a day.(3) Stop ( a gas, light,etc.) 關(guān)閉 （煤氣，電燈等）- You should turn out the lights before you leave.(4) Make sb. Leave 使離開，驅(qū)逐，趕走(1) - His father turned him out of the house. 2. Come in Have or find a place; have a part to play 起作用，有份，有好處，擔(dān)任職務(wù)- So he asked me to come in

12、on a short-term basis as a consultant.- I understand your plan perfectly,but I dont see where I come in.(2) Become fashionable 開始使用，流行- Gunpowder first came in in China.(3) Become seasonal （季節(jié)） 開始，正當(dāng)時(shí)令- When do strawberries come in?3. As a result ： because of 作為結(jié)果，因此- As a result, the meeting has be

13、en cancelled. 結(jié)果，會(huì)議被取消了。- He was late as a result of the traffic jam. 由于交通阻塞，他遲到了。4. Hold upDelay 延遲，耽擱；阻礙（常用被動(dòng)式）- He was very slow and all the shirts were held up at his position.- The traffic was held up for an hour by an accident.(2) Stop in order to rob 攔路搶劫- Two masked men held up a mail van.(3

14、) Raise 舉起(1) - John held up his hand to ask the teacher a question.5. Result in: have as a result;lead to 導(dǎo)致- The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.- Their rude attitude resulted in a quarrel.注：result in 與 result from (由于，是的結(jié)果）的區(qū)別，如：His illness resulted from eating bad food.(主語(yǔ)是結(jié)果，賓語(yǔ)

15、是原因）他的病是由于吃了變質(zhì)的食物引起的。Eating bad food resulted in his illness. （主語(yǔ)是原因，賓語(yǔ)是結(jié)果）吃變質(zhì)的食物致使他生病。Result in 的用法和lead to 幾乎是一樣的。. Discrimination1.basis, base, foundationBasis 表示“基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)”，多用于比喻意義，往往是比較抽象的“基礎(chǔ)”。- His report does not rest rest on a scientific basis.(2) Base 表示“基礎(chǔ)”，用語(yǔ)具體的事物，也可引申為“基地”。- The lamp stands

16、on a circular base. 這燈的底座是圓的。- an air base 空軍基地(3) Foundation 表示“基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)”，用于具體事物，較之base 所指的更宏偉堅(jiān)固，也可指抽象事物發(fā)展的根本。- Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.2. Except for,except,besidesExcept for 如果我們想在表達(dá)一件事情時(shí)做 某些保留，及表示美中不足或惋惜之意，就用except for,該介詞短語(yǔ)后面的成分與句子主語(yǔ)通常不屬于一個(gè)范疇。它既可放句首又可放句尾。- The letter i

17、s good, except for the spelling.(letter 與spelling 不屬于同一范疇）(2) Except 是從一組中或同一范疇中除去個(gè)別的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)。不放在句首（句首則換成except for)- We go there every day except Sunday.(every day 和Sunday 是同一范疇）(3) Besides 包括前面所述還有(1) - Besides being a scholar,he was a famous writer.3.find,find outFind out （經(jīng)過(guò)一段努力后）找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明（真相）- Late

18、r they found out that he had been quite innocent.- She tried to run away, but the master found out.(2) Find 表示look for 的結(jié)果- I looked for my book for a very long time.Finally, I found it.4. Use to , be used toUsed to do: 過(guò)去常常做某事。其否定式：used not to 或did not use(d) to;never used to其疑問(wèn)式：Did he use(d )to?/

19、Used he to?e.g. He used to smoke a lot.Be used to + n./v+inge.g. I am used to getting up early in the morning.注意： be used to do: 被用來(lái)做某事e.g. A bottle-opener is used to open bottles.SentencesIf you ask my mother how I happened to become an industrial engineer (L.1)Happen to (+n.): (of an event) take p

20、lace and have an effect on sth.- A bad accident happened to that family.不幸降臨在那個(gè)家庭(2) Happen to be: have chance to be 碰巧（成為）；偏偏- How did you happen to be an industrial engineer?(3) Happen to do: occur or take place by chance 恰巧，偶然1. - I happened to know him.2. Most curious of all, there was no qualit

21、y control whatsoever.(L.25L.27)Most curious of all 是獨(dú)立成分，稱為插入語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于what is most curious of all.插入語(yǔ)包括獨(dú)立不定式，獨(dú)立分詞，由to 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)以及諸如frankly, on the whole, honestly, what is worse, worst of all, most important of all 等副詞或短語(yǔ)。插入語(yǔ)的功能在于表達(dá)句子中間的某種遞進(jìn)、順序、承接關(guān)系，作者對(duì)某一問(wèn)題的解釋、總結(jié)，或者作者對(duì)某一問(wèn)題的看法、態(tài)度。e.g. To tell the truth, I do

22、nt like her. Strictly speaking, he is not qualified.其他還有： so to speak, to be frank with you, needless to say, judging from 等。3. The tables where the workers sat were very high and uncomfortable.(L.34L.36)Be ( 或sit) at table 意為“用餐”，be (或sit) at the table意為“坐在工作臺(tái)旁，在工作”。再比如： lay the table 擺好餐具，keep a g

23、ood table 餐食豐盛，keep an open table廣納食客。4. I covered my major points by telling him the following.(L.51L.52)Cover v. 采訪，報(bào)道e.g. The newspaper sent its best reporters to cover the satellite launching.(2) 旅行，走（多遠(yuǎn)）e.g. We covered more than 200 miles by bike yesterday.(3) 包括，包含，涉及到e.g. The lecture covered

24、the history of Tang Dynasty.Coverage n. 報(bào)道(1) e.g. You can find the latest coverage about President Clintons sexual scandal from CNN website. Exercises:Choose the best answerThe unusually cold weather in spring may_ the growth of wheat.A.hold up B. result in C. hold in D. check up(2)I dont swim now,

25、 but I _ when I was a child.A. Used to B. used to do C. used to it D. used to doing it(3) That evening we met in the office to_ the proposal made by John.A. Talk down B. talk over C. talk up D. talk back(4) Our English Evening _ a great success.A. Was held B. is sure of C. turned out D. will win out (5) Many chemical fertilizer plants have been set up._ agriculture output has rapidly increased.As a result B. So that C. They lead to D. So it makes(6) The machine is good _ a few shortcomings here and there.Besides B. except C. except for D. away from(7) A building must be laid on