初一至初三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法及中考難點(diǎn)

1、中考重點(diǎn)句型一、常使用動(dòng)詞不定式的短語(yǔ)1、Its time to do sth. Its time for sth該作某事的時(shí)候了.2、cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告訴某人(不)作某事4、allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人作某事5、be supposed to do sth. 應(yīng)該作某事6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事7、have sth/nothing to do 有時(shí)要做/與無(wú)關(guān)8、find it +adj. to do

2、 sth. 發(fā)覺(jué)作某事9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧愿作某事,而不愿作某事 10、Its +adj. for sb. to do sth.作某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)11、Its better /best to do sth. 最好做某事12、It takes sb. sometime. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些時(shí)間二、常用動(dòng)名詞的短語(yǔ)1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜歡做某事 2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事 3、feel like d

3、oing sth. 想要做某事 4、practise doing sth. 練習(xí)作某事 5、give up doing sth. 放棄作某事6、be good at= do well inon doing sth. 擅長(zhǎng)作某事7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事8、what about/ how about doing sth.怎么樣(好嗎)?9、Thank you for doing sth. 為感謝某人10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、被用來(lái)作某事1

4、2、spend (in) doing sth. 花時(shí)間作某時(shí)13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事 14、finish doing sth. 作完某時(shí)15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡勝過(guò)17、be/get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣作某事18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人作某事三、省略動(dòng)詞不定式的短語(yǔ)1、一看二聽(tīng)三使役see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /li

5、sten to sb. do sth.看見(jiàn)/聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/感覺(jué)/注意某人作某事make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/讓某人做某事2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.幫助某人作某事3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事4、 Why dont you/ not do sth.為什么不作某事5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth. 請(qǐng)你(不)作某事好嗎?四、 同義詞比較1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事stop doing sth. 停止正在

6、作的事eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.2、 forget / remember to do sth.忘記/記得要去作某事forget / remember doing sth. 忘記記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事eg. Please remember to bring my book to school.I remember doing my homework3、 used to

7、do sth. 過(guò)去常常作某事be used to do sth. 被用來(lái)作某事be used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于作某事eg. My father used to smoke.Wood is used to make paper.I am used to getting up early.4、So +be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) 也一樣So +主語(yǔ)+be/助動(dòng)詞/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 是呀,表示贊同別人的觀點(diǎn)Neither + be /助動(dòng)詞/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)也不一樣（用于否定句）eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I.Its a fine day

8、. So it is.She doesnt like eggs. Neither do I.5、 tooto do sth. 太而不能so +adj. /adv + that(從句) 如此以致such +（a/an +adj.）+n.+ that(從句)如此以致(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))做某事(不)夠eg. The boy is too young to go to school.The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he can

9、t go to school.The boy is not old enough to go to school.五、?？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)1、keep +adj. 保持狀態(tài)keep (sb.) doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事/使某人老是做某事eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean.Its too late, but he still keeps working.Lily always keeps us waiting for her.2、make+ sb. + n. 使某人成為make + sb. + adj. 使某人make sb. do sth.

10、使某人做某事Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事eg. We made Peter our monitor.Books make us happy.He often makes me laugh.The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.3、I dont think that 我認(rèn)為不eg. I dont think you are right.4、Its /was/has been+ some time +since+一般過(guò)去時(shí) 自從以來(lái)有多久了eg. It has been two years since we met la

11、st time.6、 What do you mean by?=What does . mean?=what is the meaning of.?是什么意思?eg. What do you mean by “computer”?=What does “computer” mean?=what is the meaning of computer?7、 What do you think of/How do you like ? 你認(rèn)為怎么樣?eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film? 8、 What is/wa

12、s/will be like? .怎么樣?eg. What is the weather like?What will the life in the future be like?9、 Its said/ reported that 據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道 Its well known that 眾所周知 Its thought that 大家認(rèn)為eg. Its said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.10、one of the +形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù) 其中之一eg. Shanghai is one of the

13、 biggest cities in China.11、neithernor 既不也不（兩者都不）eitheror要么要么/或者或者/不是就是not onlybut also 不但而且以上三個(gè)詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),要用就近原則eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA.Either he or you go to the park.Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher.neither of 兩者都不 either of 兩者選一none of 沒(méi)有一個(gè)以上三個(gè)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)All of 全

14、部 Both of 兩者都以上二個(gè)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)12、比較級(jí)+ than +any other +名詞單數(shù) 比其余任何一個(gè) 比較級(jí)+ than + the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)eg. Shanghai is bigger than any other city=shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.13、When（當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候）, if （如果）, as soon as（一就）, until（直到才）, unless（除非/如果不）這幾個(gè)詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句要用一般將來(lái)時(shí).從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)eg. I will ca

15、ll you when he comes. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic. As soon as I get to Beijing, Ill come to see you. He wont go to bed until his parents come back. Unless you work hard, you wont catch up with others. 希望我的答案對(duì)你有幫助初一的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)包括：30主要掌握幾種時(shí)態(tài)1，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2，一般過(guò)去時(shí)3，一般將來(lái)時(shí)4，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還有幾種詞1，名詞2，代詞3，形容詞

16、4，動(dòng)詞5，冠詞初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法一、詞法1、名詞A）、名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comed

17、ies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來(lái)詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的

18、）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒(méi)有單數(shù)的有：people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men

19、doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚(yú) fishes魚(yú)的種類(lèi), paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡,orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族,time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉chickens 小雞十一） 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SA

20、Rs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers Day教師節(jié), classmates; Childrens Day六一節(jié), Womens Day三八節(jié)三）由and并列的名詞所

21、有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Bens room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mikes and Bens rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項(xiàng)目 人稱(chēng)代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞 人稱(chēng) 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性 第一人稱(chēng) 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱(chēng) 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱(chēng) 單數(shù) she her her h

22、ers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves 3、動(dòng)詞A） 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i

23、再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說(shuō)某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching,

24、 go-going, do-doing二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開(kāi)字母組合如show showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-t

25、ying系die-dying死lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級(jí)我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：一） 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-r

26、edder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle-

27、less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、句式1.陳述句肯定陳述句 a) Th

28、is is a book. (be動(dòng)詞)b) He looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞)c) I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.

29、e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑問(wèn)句1) 一般疑問(wèn)句 a) Is Jim a student?b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he

30、is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 選擇疑問(wèn)句 Is the table big or small?回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑問(wèn)句問(wèn)年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.問(wèn)種類(lèi)What kind of movies do you like?

31、I like action movies and comedies.問(wèn)身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.問(wèn)方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones.問(wèn)原因Why do you want to join the club?問(wèn)時(shí)間 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually ge

32、t up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00.問(wèn)地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table.問(wèn)顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black.問(wèn)人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are

33、 Lisa and Tim talking to?問(wèn)東西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問(wèn)姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your family name? My fami

34、ly names Smith.12 問(wèn)哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問(wèn)字母What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 問(wèn)價(jià)格How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 問(wèn)電話號(hào)碼 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 問(wèn)謂語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 問(wèn)職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your fa

35、ther? Hes a doctor.三、時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：Be 動(dòng)詞：Shes a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina ha

36、s a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isnt writing a letter.Theyre listening to the

37、pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They arent listening to the pop music.初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)及關(guān)鍵詞: 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句主語(yǔ)+be (am, is, are ) + 其他 否定句主語(yǔ)+be not +其他 疑問(wèn)句 Be+主語(yǔ)+其他 或: 肯定句主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 ( 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要加s ) 否定句主語(yǔ)+dont+動(dòng)詞原型+其他(第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)dont改為doesnt) 疑問(wèn)句 DO+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他(第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)do改為doess) 關(guān)鍵詞: s

38、ometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday afternoon, at 10 oclockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等. 注:在時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)從句,條件壯語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí),這時(shí)一般從 句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句用將來(lái)時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語(yǔ)+be +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 否定句主語(yǔ)+be not+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Be +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:now, right now, at the moment,

39、 Its+幾點(diǎn)鐘等的句子.或look, listen, keep quiet等提示語(yǔ). 一般將來(lái)時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+will+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+will not +動(dòng)詞原型+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Will +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 (will 可改為be going to ,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)will可用shall) 關(guān)鍵詞:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at sevenoclock tomorrow evening, next year, at ten oclock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this

40、term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, in a few days time, in the future 等. 一般過(guò)去時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語(yǔ)+be(was,were)+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+be not+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Be+主語(yǔ)+其他 或: 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+did not+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year, at the end of last term, 一段時(shí)間+ago如:te

41、n years ago, five hours ago, on January 1st,2004, in the 1980s等. Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+was/were not +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Was/Were + 主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:具體時(shí)間+過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ) 如:at ten oclock yesterdaymorning, at this time last Sunday等. 現(xiàn)在完成

42、時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他(第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)用has) 否定句 主語(yǔ)+have/has not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段時(shí)間,since+過(guò)去的 時(shí)間或過(guò)去時(shí)從句.或this year alone今年以來(lái),these five years alone這五年 以來(lái),in the last ten years 在過(guò)去的十年中等. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+ would+ 動(dòng)詞原型+其他

43、 否定句 主語(yǔ)+ would not + 動(dòng)詞原型+ 其他 疑問(wèn)句 Would+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 (would可改為was/were going to ,主語(yǔ)第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)would可用should) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主要用在賓語(yǔ)從句中. 過(guò)去完成時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+had not +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他 疑問(wèn)句 Had+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:by+過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn) 如:by last year, by the end of+過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn) 如: by the end of last year, before+過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn),b

44、y the time +從句,或賓語(yǔ)從 句中最后,請(qǐng)記住: Its not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of thing, Im sure it will be all right. 這不是世界末日,試著往事情好的方面看,我確認(rèn)一切都會(huì)好起來(lái).英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。初中階段的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有五種時(shí)態(tài)，我們可以從以下方面進(jìn)行小結(jié)：一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)及結(jié)構(gòu)（以動(dòng)詞do為例）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + be + 過(guò)去分詞時(shí)態(tài)：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am (is, are) done.2.帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：must (ca

45、n, may, should, need, would) be done3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was (were) done * 4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)： will (shall) be done * 5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am (is, are) being done6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have (has) been done 二、從初中階段所學(xué)五種基本句型談變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題。1主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞+ 表語(yǔ) (S+V+P)此結(jié)構(gòu)不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(正) The flowers smell sweet.(誤) The flowers are smelt sweet.2主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞(S+V)此

46、結(jié)構(gòu)不可變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(正) An accident happened last night.(誤) An accident was happened last night.3主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞+ 賓語(yǔ) (S + V+ O)（1）將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)Children often sing this song This song is often sung by children.（2）將含有介詞或副詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不可將介詞或副詞去掉。We should listento the teachers carefully.The teachers should be lis

47、tened to carefully.4主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)+ 直接賓語(yǔ)(S + V+ IO+ DO)（1）.將表人的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。He showed us a picture .We were shown a picture.（2）.將指物的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞to或for.常用加to的動(dòng)詞give, show, pass, read等常用加for的動(dòng)詞 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等A picture was shown to us.A dictionary was bought for me by my parent

48、s.5 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(S+ V+ O + C)如動(dòng)詞為 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為不帶“to”不定式時(shí)，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上“to” 。I saw him fall off the tree.He was seen to fall off the tree.6. be + 過(guò)去分詞 并非都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，系動(dòng)詞 be, feel, seem,look,等詞后面的過(guò)去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語(yǔ)用，表示某種狀態(tài)。 Im interested in mathematics. 我對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。*7. 某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)含義。The

49、 womans clothes sell well. 女裝賣(mài)的快。This book sells best.這本書(shū)很暢銷(xiāo). 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全下載1、所有格：He is Freds best friend.（-s）2、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)：Alfredo works.（-s）3、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：Fred worked.（-ed），但亦有不規(guī)則變化。4、現(xiàn)在分詞進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：Fred is working.（-ing）（注如果動(dòng)詞的末音節(jié)為輔音結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)，則須雙寫(xiě)末輔音，如running）5、過(guò)去分詞：The car was stolen.（-en）；Fred has talked to the pol

50、ice.（-ed），但亦有不規(guī)則變化。6、動(dòng)名詞：Working is good for the soul.（-ing）7、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：Fred has two blue eyes.（-s）（注如果動(dòng)詞的尾字是s,sh,x,ch，則需加-es，如dishes）8、形容詞的比較級(jí)：Fred is smarter than Rick.（-er）形容詞末尾加-er，多音節(jié)在前面”加more，如more difficult。9、形容詞的最高級(jí)：Fred has the fastest car.（-est）形容詞末尾加-est，多音節(jié)詞在前面加most，如the most difficult。英語(yǔ)的基本

51、語(yǔ)序?yàn)镾VO，且基本上不能任意變換語(yǔ)序，除了在少數(shù)詩(shī)詞以外；另一方面，有時(shí)英語(yǔ)會(huì)使用OSV的語(yǔ)序。（注：S：Subject主語(yǔ)；V：Verbal phrase謂語(yǔ)；O：Object賓語(yǔ)）英語(yǔ)中所有的詞可分成十大類(lèi)，每一類(lèi)詞在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。這十大詞類(lèi)是：一、名詞：表示人或事物的名稱(chēng)的詞。二、形容詞：表示人或事物的特征的詞。三、副詞：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的詞。四、代詞：是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。五、數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)量和順序的詞。六、動(dòng)詞：表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的詞。七、冠詞：與名詞連用，其說(shuō)明人或事物的作用。八、介詞：通常置于名詞和代詞之前，表示名詞和代詞與其他詞的關(guān)系。九、連詞：連接詞

52、與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)、句子與句子的詞。十、感嘆詞：表示說(shuō)話人感情或語(yǔ)氣的詞。 英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)共有十六個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)、四個(gè)體。（注：四個(gè)體為一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行。）英語(yǔ)中的四個(gè)體相當(dāng)于法語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)以及所有印歐語(yǔ)系羅曼語(yǔ)族中的式，如：直陳式，命令式等。 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本形式（以do為例）：第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)：does（主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)）；肯定句：主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其他；否定句：主語(yǔ)dont動(dòng)詞原形其他；一般疑問(wèn)句：Do主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其他?？隙ɑ卮穑篩es， 主語(yǔ)do否定回答：No，主語(yǔ)dont.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序 （2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)be動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式waswerenot；在行為動(dòng)詞前加d

53、idnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞 （3）一般將來(lái)時(shí)amareisgoing todowillshalldoam/is/are/about to + doam/is/are to + do一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)方法be going to +動(dòng)詞原形be +不定式,be to+動(dòng)詞原形,be about to 動(dòng)詞原形be able to +不定式be about to+動(dòng)詞原形 (4)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)be（was，were）going to+動(dòng)詞原形be（was，were）about to+動(dòng)詞原形be（was，were）to+動(dòng)詞原形肯定

54、句：主語(yǔ)+be（was，were）going to+動(dòng)詞原形. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+be（was，were）not going to+動(dòng)詞原形. 疑問(wèn)句：Be（Was，Were）+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形？ 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+would（should）+動(dòng)詞原形. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+would（should）not+動(dòng)詞原形. 疑問(wèn)句：Would（Should）+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？ (5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主語(yǔ)+be+動(dòng)詞ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式第一人稱(chēng)+am+doing+sth 第二人稱(chēng)+are+doing +sth第三人稱(chēng)+is+doing+sth (6)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+doing+其它否定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+doing+其它一般疑問(wèn)句及答語(yǔ)：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+doing+其它 答語(yǔ)：Yes,I was./No,I wasnt. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+doing+其它 (7)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞be的將來(lái)時(shí)+現(xiàn)在分詞 (8)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)should(would)+be+現(xiàn)在分詞 (9)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞