英語(yǔ)知識(shí)匯總

1、英語(yǔ)知識(shí)匯總詞語(yǔ)辨析集中在對(duì)實(shí)詞，即對(duì)名詞動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的考查，主要考查同義、近義、形近詞匯的辨析以及詞組與習(xí)慣用法的辨析。1. after, in這兩個(gè)介詞都可以表示“(時(shí)間)以后”的意思?after 以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)，表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間之后，常用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子中?如：She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的?in 以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)，表將來(lái)一段時(shí)間以后，常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的句子中?如：She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走?2. how long, how often, how soonhow long指多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，主要用來(lái)對(duì)一段時(shí)間(如t

2、hree days, four weeks 等)提問(wèn)?如：How long ago was it? 這是多久前的事了?how often指每隔多久，主要用來(lái)對(duì)頻率副詞或狀語(yǔ)(如once a week等)提問(wèn)?如：How often does he come here? Once a month. 他(每隔)多久來(lái)一次?每月一次?how soon指再過(guò)多久，主要用來(lái)對(duì)表示將來(lái)的一段時(shí)間(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提問(wèn)?如：How soon can you come? 你多快能趕來(lái)?3. few, a few, little, a little, several, so

3、mefew 和little的意思是否定的，表示“很少”或“幾乎沒(méi)有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的，表示“有一些，有一點(diǎn)兒”?few 和 a few修飾可數(shù)名詞;little 和 a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞?several用于修飾可數(shù)名詞，語(yǔ)意比a few和some更肯定，含有“好幾個(gè)”的意思?some可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，從數(shù)量上說(shuō)，它有時(shí)相當(dāng)于a few 或 a little,有時(shí)指更多一些的數(shù)量?4. the other, anotherthe other 指兩個(gè)人或事物中的“另一個(gè)”，表示特指?如：We stood on one side of th

4、e road and they stood on the other. 我們站在街這邊，他們站在那邊?another著重于不定數(shù)目中的“另外一個(gè)”，表示泛指，所以常用來(lái)指至少三個(gè)中的一個(gè)?如：She has taken another of my books. 她已經(jīng)拿了我的另外一本書(shū)?5. spend, take, cost, payspend的賓語(yǔ)通常是時(shí)間?金錢(qián)?在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，句子的主語(yǔ)必須是人，而且后面不能用動(dòng)詞不定式做它的賓語(yǔ)?如：She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整個(gè)晚上用來(lái)讀書(shū)?take常常用來(lái)指“花費(fèi)”時(shí)間，句子的主語(yǔ)通常是表示

5、事物的詞語(yǔ)?如：How long will this job take you?你做這項(xiàng)工作要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?cost 指花費(fèi)時(shí)間?金錢(qián)或力氣等，只能用表示事物的詞做主語(yǔ)，并且不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?如：How much does the jacket cost?這件夾克多少錢(qián)?pay 主要指主語(yǔ)(某人)買(mǎi)某物(或?yàn)槟呈?付多少錢(qián)(給某人)?如：I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金?6. speak, say, talk, tell這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“說(shuō)”的意思?speak的意思是“講話(huà);演講”，著重指說(shuō)話(huà)的動(dòng)作，指開(kāi)口說(shuō)或連續(xù)不斷地說(shuō)，多用作不及物動(dòng)詞;用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，

6、其賓語(yǔ)是語(yǔ)言名稱(chēng)?如：He can speak Japanese. 他會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)?say的意思是“說(shuō);講”，一般用作及物動(dòng)詞，著重指說(shuō)話(huà)的內(nèi)容?它的賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞?代詞或直接引語(yǔ)等?如：She says, “Dont draw on the wall!”她說(shuō)：“別在墻上畫(huà)畫(huà)!”talk的意思是“說(shuō);講;談話(huà)”，與speak意義比較接近，但不如speak正式，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)兩人之間的相互談話(huà)，也可指單方面的談話(huà)?如：She is talking with John in English。她正在和約翰用英語(yǔ)交談?tell意為“告訴;講述;吩咐”，多指以口頭方式將某事告訴某人，常接雙賓語(yǔ)?除了story,

7、news, truth, joke, lie(謊言)等直接賓語(yǔ)外，還可以接人等間接賓語(yǔ)?如：She is telling the children a story。她正在給孩子們講故事?7. among, betweenbetween 的意思是“在中間，在之間”，一般指在兩者之間?如：There is a table between two windows. 在兩扇窗戶(hù)之間有一張桌子?between 有時(shí)也表示在多于兩個(gè)以上的事物之間，但那是指在每二者之間?如：the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省

8、市之間的關(guān)系(這里是指每?jī)蓚€(gè)省市之間的相互關(guān)系?)among 的意思是“在中間?在之中”，一般指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的同類(lèi)事物之中?如：The teacher distributed them among the students. 老師把這些東西分給了學(xué)生?8. beat, win這兩個(gè)詞都有“獲勝，打敗”的意思，但其后賓語(yǔ)不同?beat是“打敗，優(yōu)于”的意思，后面接人或隊(duì)?如：We beat them. 我們打敗了他們?win指“贏(yíng)，獲勝”，后面接比賽?名次?如：We won the match/game/race/the first place. 我們贏(yíng)了這場(chǎng)比賽(獲得了第一名)?9. ag

9、ree with, agree on, agree toagree on表示“就取得一致意見(jiàn)”?如：We all agree on (making) an early start. 我們一致同意及早出發(fā)?agree with表示“與意見(jiàn)一致”，后面既可以跟表示人的名詞或人稱(chēng)代詞，也可以跟表示意見(jiàn)?看法的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的從句?如：I agree with you without reservation。我毫無(wú)保留地同意你的意見(jiàn)?We agree with what you said just now。我們同意你剛才所說(shuō)的意見(jiàn)?agree to后面不能接人，只能接“提議，計(jì)劃，方案”等詞句?如

10、：I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意擬議的條件?10. bring, take, carry,fetch這四個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都含有“帶”或“拿”的意思，但使用的場(chǎng)合各不相同?bring作“帶來(lái)，拿來(lái)”解?如：Next time dont forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品帶給我?take是bring的對(duì)語(yǔ)，作“帶去，拿去”解?如：Take the box away, please. 請(qǐng)把盒子拿走?想學(xué)習(xí)更多英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，請(qǐng)關(guān)注口袋英語(yǔ)aikoudaiyycarry表示“運(yùn)載，攜帶”之意，運(yùn)送的方

11、式很多，可以用車(chē)?船，也可以用手甚至用頭?如：This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 這輛巴士準(zhǔn)載一百人?fetch則表示“去拿來(lái)”的意思?如：Please fetch me the documents in that room. 請(qǐng)到那間房間去把文件拿來(lái)給我?11. each, every兩詞都是“每個(gè)”的意思，但著重點(diǎn)不同?each著重個(gè)別的情況，every著重全體，有“所有的”的意思?如：She knows each student of the class。她認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)班里的每一個(gè)學(xué)生?She knows every student o

12、f the class。她認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)班所有的學(xué)生?12. no one, noneno one指“沒(méi)有人(只能指人，不能用來(lái)指物)”，意思與nobody相同，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不必跟of連用，如：No one believes him since he is not honest. 沒(méi)有人相信他，因?yàn)樗徽\(chéng)實(shí)?No one else but I went. 除我以外，誰(shuí)也沒(méi)去?none指“一個(gè)也沒(méi)有(既可指人，也可指物)”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單?復(fù)數(shù)都可以?但在 “主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果表語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，則系動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式?如：None of us are(

13、is) afraid of difficulties. 我們誰(shuí)也不怕困難?13. go on doing, go on to do, go on with這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)都有“繼續(xù)做某事”的意思，其區(qū)別如下：go on doing表示“繼續(xù)做，一直在做某事(中間無(wú)間斷)”;go on to do表示“接著做某事”，即某事已做完，接著做另一件事;go on with也表示“繼續(xù)做某事”，其含義是某一動(dòng)作一度中止后，又繼續(xù)下去?14. too much, much too二者都有“太，非?！敝?，much too為副詞詞組，修飾形容詞?副詞，不可修飾動(dòng)詞?如：Its much too cold。天氣

14、實(shí)在是太冷了?too much作“太多”講，有以下三種用法?(1)作名詞詞組?如：You have given us too much. 你給我們的太多了?(2)作形容詞詞組修飾不可數(shù)名詞?如：Dont drink too much wine. 不要飲太多的酒?(3)作副詞詞組修飾不及物動(dòng)詞?如：She talks too much. 她說(shuō)話(huà)太多?15. lonely, alone二者都可表示“孤獨(dú)，獨(dú)自”，alone指客觀(guān)存在的“孤獨(dú)”，而lonely更偏重一種主觀(guān)感受上的“寂寞”?如：I went alone. 我是一個(gè)人去的?Mary lived alone, but she didnt

15、 feel lonely. 瑪麗孤身一人生活，但她并不感到孤獨(dú)?16. happen, take place與occurhappen有“偶然”的意思，多用于客觀(guān)事物?情況的發(fā)生?如：Whatever has happened to your arm? Its all swollen. 你的手臂怎么了?腫得好厲害。occur 指有計(jì)劃地使某些事“發(fā)生”?有時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“呈現(xiàn)”于人的知覺(jué)中?如：Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你難道沒(méi)想到就這事給他們打個(gè)電話(huà)?具體事物?事件作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，happen和occur可以通用?如：The accident ha

16、ppened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天發(fā)生的?take place 指事件發(fā)生，但常用來(lái)表示“舉行”的意思，帶有非偶然性?例如：The meeting took place last night。會(huì)議昨晚舉行?17. in front of, in the front ofin front of的意思是“在前面”?如：There is a tree in front of the house。房子前面有一棵樹(shù)?in the front of的意思是“在前部”，指在某個(gè)空間范圍內(nèi)的前面?如：There is a blackboard in the front of th

17、e classroom. 教室里前部有一塊黑板?18. find, find out兩者都有“發(fā)現(xiàn)”的意思，但語(yǔ)義有差別?find有偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)某物的意味?如：He found a bag on the floor. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上有個(gè)書(shū)包?find out指“經(jīng)過(guò)，探聽(tīng)，詢(xún)問(wèn)”，指調(diào)查之后的“發(fā)現(xiàn)”或“弄清楚”?如：Please find out who took my book by mistake。請(qǐng)查清楚誰(shuí)錯(cuò)拿了我的書(shū)?19. noise, voice, sound這三個(gè)詞都作“聲音”解，在表示“聽(tīng)到聲音”這個(gè)意思時(shí)，三者可以通用?但它們又各有特定的含義?sound 作“聲音”解，含義最廣，

18、指可以聽(tīng)到的任何聲音，如：a weak sound 微弱的聲?noise作“噪音，嘈雜聲，吵鬧聲”解，指不悅耳，不和諧的聲音?它既可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞?如：Another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一種污染是噪音?voice 作“聲音”解時(shí)，多指人發(fā)出的聲音，包括說(shuō)話(huà)聲?歌聲和笑聲?如：He shouted at the top of voice. 他高聲呼喊?有時(shí)也用于引申意義，作“意見(jiàn)?發(fā)言權(quán)”解?如：I have no voice in the matter. 對(duì)于這件事，我沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)?20. arrive, get, reach三者均可表示“

19、到達(dá)”，arrive后通常接介詞at(一般用于較小的地方)或 in(一般用于較大的地方)?如：We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我們晚了5分鐘到車(chē)站?又如：They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他們將于下周星期一到達(dá)巴黎get之后通常接介詞to?如：When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我們到達(dá)公園時(shí)，就開(kāi)始下雨了reach是及物動(dòng)詞(較 get更正式)，其后可直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞做賓語(yǔ)(不能用介詞)?如：He reached Beijing yesterd

20、ay. 他昨天到達(dá)北京。中考必考詞組、句型100例1. want to do sth. 想做某事eg. I want to go to school.2. want sb. to do sth. 想讓某人做某事eg. I want my son to go to school.welcome to sp歡迎到某地3. be different from 與-不同eg. The weather in Beijing is different from that of Nanjing.4. be the same as 與相同eg. His trousers are the same as min

21、e.5. be friendly to sb. 對(duì)某人友好eg.Mr. Wang is very friendly to us.6.welcome toeg.Welcome to China.7. Whats the matter with sb./ sth? 出什么毛病了？ eg.Whats the matter with your watch?8. what to do 做什么eg.We dont know what to do next.9. let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事eg.Let him enter the room.10. let sb. not do sth. 讓

22、某人不做某人eg. Let him not stand in the rain.11. why dont you do sth? 怎么不做某事呢？ eg.Why dont you play football with us?12. why not do sth.? 怎么不做某事呢？eg. Why not play football with us?13. make sb. sth. 為某人制造某物eg. My father made me a kite.14. make sth for sb. 為某人制造某物eg. My father made a kite for me.15. What m

23、ean by ？做是什么意思？eg. What do you mean by doing that?16. like doing sth. 喜愛(ài)做某事eg. Jim likes swimming.17. like to do sth.喜愛(ài)做某事eg. He doesnt like to swim now.18. feel like doing sth. 想做某事eg. I feel like eating bananas.19. would like to do sth. 愿意做某事eg.Would you like to go rowing with me?20. would like sb

24、. to do sth. 愿意某人做某事eg. Id like you to stay with me tonight.21. make sb. do sth. 逼使某人做某事eg. His brother often makes him stay in the sun.22. let sb. do sth.讓某人做某事eg.Let me sing a song for you.23. have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事eg.You shouldnt have the students work so hard.24. be far from sp離某地遠(yuǎn)eg. His schoo

25、l is far from his home.25. be near to sp離某地近 eg. The hospital is near to the post office.26. be good at sth./doing sth.擅長(zhǎng)某事/做某事eg. We are good at English.They are good at boating.27. It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花多少時(shí)間做某事eg.It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful horse in five

26、minutes.28. sb. spends some time/money （in ）doing sth.某人花多少時(shí)間做某事eg. I spent twenty years in writing the novel.29. sb. spends some time/money on sth.某事花了某人多少時(shí)間/金錢(qián)eg.Jim spent 1000 yuan on the bike.30. sth. costs sb. some money.某物花了某人多少錢(qián)eg.The bike cost Jim 1000 yuan.31. sb. pays some money for sth.某人

27、為某物付了多少錢(qián)eg. Jim paid 1000 yuan for the bike.32. begin/start with sth. 開(kāi)始做某事eg.The started the meeting with a song.33. be going to do sth. 打算做某事eg. We are going to study in Japan.34. call A B叫A Beg. They called the village Gumtree.35. thank sb. for sth./doing sth.感謝某人做某事eg.Thank you for your help.Tha

28、nk you for helping me.36. What for? 為什么eg.What do you learn English for?37. How/ what about doing sth.？做某事怎么樣？eg.How about going fishing?38. S +be+ the+最高級(jí)+of/in短語(yǔ)eg. Lucy is the tallest in her class.39. S + be +比較級(jí)+than any other + n.eg.Lucy is taller than any other student in her class.40. have to

29、 do sth.不得不做某事eg.I have to go home now.41. had better do sth. 最好做某事eg.Youd better study hard at English.42. had better not do sth. 最好別做某事eg.Youd better not stay up.43. help sb. to do sth. 幫助某人做某事eg.Lucy often helps Lily to wash her clothes.44. help sb. do sth.幫助某人做某事eg. He usually helps me learn Eng

30、lish.45. help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事eg.I sometimes help my mother with the housework.46. make it +時(shí)間把時(shí)間定在幾點(diǎn)eg. Lets make it 8:30.47. take sb. to sp帶某人到某地eg.Mr. Wang will take us to the Summer Palace next Sunday.49. have nothing to do （with sb）與某人沒(méi)有關(guān)系eg.That has nothing to do with me.50. 主語(yǔ)+ dont thin

31、k + 從句 認(rèn)為不eg. I dont think it will rain tomorrow.51. Its + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)怎么樣eg. It is lucky for you to go to London.52. How + adj/ adv + 主+ 謂！多么??！eg. How beautiful the flower is!53. what + a/an + adj + + 主+ 謂！eg.What an beautiful flower it is!54. What + adj+ pl./u +主+ 謂！eg.What ba

32、d weather it is today!55. find it + adj+ to do sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事如何eg. I find it hard to speak English well!56. ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物eg.They often ask me for money.57. need to do sth. 需要做某事eg. You need to study hard.58. need sth需要某物eg. I dont need your money.59. use A to do B用A來(lái)做Beg.We use pens to write.6

33、0. show sb. Sth給某人看某物=eg. Please show me the map.61.show sth. to sb. 把某物給某人看eg. Please show the map to me.62. pass sb. sth. 把某物遞給某人eg. Pass me the cup of tea.63. pass sth. to sb.把某物遞給某人eg. Pass the cup of tea to me.64. buy sb. sth. 為某人買(mǎi)某物eg.Mother bought me a bike.65. buy sth. for sb. 為某人買(mǎi)某物eg. Moth

34、er bought a bike for me.66.give sb. sth把某物給某人eg. Jim gave me an English dictionary.67. give sth. to sb. 把某物給某人eg.Jim gave an English dictionary to me.68. get to sp達(dá)到某地 eg.I got to Beijing on the morning of May 1st.69. arrive at /in sp 達(dá)到某地eg. I arrived in Beijing on the morning of May 1st.70. reach

35、sp達(dá)到某地eg.I reached Beijing on the morning of May 1st.71. hope to do sth.希望某人做某事eg.I hope to see you soon.72. there is sth. wrong with sth./sb. 某物出設(shè)么毛病了=eg.There is something wrong my car.73. sth. is wrong with 某物出設(shè)么毛病了eg. Something is wrong with my car.74. How do you like sth? 你認(rèn)為怎么樣？eg. How do you

36、like Beijing?75.What do you think of sth.? 你認(rèn)為怎么樣？eg.What do you think of Beijing?76. start doing sth. 開(kāi)始做某事eg.I started learning English in 1983.77. start to do sth.開(kāi)始做某事eg.I started to watch TV after finishing my homework.78.finish doing sth. 完成作某事eg.I finished cleaning my car just now.79. enjoy d

37、oing sth. 喜歡做某事eg.They all enjoy living and working in China.80.What / when / where / who / something / anything / nothing else 別的什么/何時(shí)/何地/誰(shuí)eg.What else do you want to buy?Where else have you gone?Who else have you played with?I have nothing else to tell you.Would you like something else? 81. forget

38、 doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事了eg. I forgot turning off the lights. Look, it is dark in the room.82. forget to do sth. 忘了做某事了eg. I forgot to turn off the lights.Could you go back and shut the off?83. remember doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事了eg.I remembered returning your money. You are so forgetful.84. remember to do sth. 記住做某事eg.Remember to bring me some money.