虛擬語氣語法及試題

1、1虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句(一般形式)虛擬語氣一般表示不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望或者對既定事實的一種假設。 條件從句中的謂語動詞的形式主句中的謂語動詞的形式對現(xiàn)在虛擬動詞過去式（be動詞用were）should/would/could/might+動詞原形對過去虛擬had+過去分詞should/would/could/might + have+過去分詞對將來虛擬1.動詞過去式（be動詞用were）should/would/could/might +動詞原形2.should+動詞原形should/would/could/might +動詞原形3.were to+動詞原形should/would/could

2、/might +動詞原形注意：（1）主句中的should通常用于第一人稱，would, could, might可用于任何人稱，同可根據(jù)意思選擇合適的情態(tài)動詞。(2)有時候，條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作，發(fā)生的時間是不一致的（如一個是過去發(fā)生的，一個是現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的）。這時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間來調整。If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to joi

3、n them in the work.If we hadnt got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.(3) 若if從句中省略if，則前提were/ had/ should ，把它們倒裝放到主語之前：Were I in school again, I would work harder.Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come .2

4、.虛擬語氣用于賓語從句（1）“wish + 賓語從句”表示不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，“可惜/悔不該/但愿”從句中謂語動詞形式一般退后一個時態(tài)：與現(xiàn)在事實相反：動詞過去式與過去事實相反: had + done 或could(would)+have +done與將來事實相反： could/would/might + do 例如：I wish you told me earlier.We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. I wish we could go to the seaside today/tomorrow（2）某些動詞后的賓語從句中需用sho

5、uld+動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式，“should”可以省略。常見的動詞有:堅持insist;命令order, command ;建議suggest , advise, propose, recommend;要求demand, request, require, ask, desire, urge; 另外有: prefer, decide, maintain注意: suggest表 “暗示”“表明” 時， insist表“堅持認為”時不用虛擬語氣He ordered/demanded/suggested that the students (should) wash the clothes eve

6、ry week by themselves. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. Her pale face suggested that she was ill.3.虛擬語氣用于表語從句/同位語從句.作advice / idea /order /demand /plan /proposal /suggestion /request/decision 等后面的表語從句和同位語從句，其謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣的結構“（ should ) + 動詞原形” .例如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we

7、 (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.My idea is that he (should) do exercises first.4. 虛擬語氣用于主語從句?；揪湫停?(1). It be+過去分詞+that+(should)+動詞原形+過去分詞：suggested, proposed, recommended, requested, ordered, desired, decided, required,demanded, etc.It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.Its suggest

8、ed that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.(2). It be+形容詞+that+(should)+動詞原形+形容詞:important, necessary, natural, appropriate, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, strange, surprisingdesirable (想要的), preferable(更可取的),better, advisable (明智的/合理的/適當?shù)?可行的), essential,vital,probable,possible, strange , ur

9、gent（緊迫的）etc.It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(3). It be+名詞（advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，motion，order，pity，preference，proposal，recommendation，requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder, a pity/a sha

10、me/ no wonder） that+ (should)+動詞原形+注意(2)&(3): 這種從句表示的是事實。如果說話人對這種事實表示驚奇，就用虛擬語氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇， that 從句也可用陳述語氣。例如:It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is a pity that you cant swim.5. 其它狀語從句中的虛擬語氣（1）虛擬語氣用于以 as if / as though 引導的表語從句或狀語從句.謂語動詞的形式有三種，與上文的wish的用法完全相同。但as if /as though 后的從句也常用陳述語氣

11、，這是因為從句中的情況往往是可能發(fā)生的或可能被設想為真實的。例如：It looks as if our side is going to win.（2）用在lest, for fear that和in case引導的狀語從句中，這時謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should可以省略。She closed the windows lest she (should) catch a cold.6.虛擬語氣的一些特殊句式（1） “It is (high/about ) time (that ) ”句型中，從句的謂語動詞用過去式，或 should動詞原形(should不能省略,be 用were來)

12、表示，意為“（現(xiàn)在）該”It is time that I went and picked up my little girl from school.It is high time we were going.（2）if only 引導的感嘆句：If only I had taken his advice. If only I were a bird.（3）If it were not for 此結構意為“如果沒有”，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設If it had not been for “如果當時沒有”，表示與過去事實相反的假設If it were not for the rain, the

13、 crops should /would die. (Were it not for the rain, )If it had not been for your timely help, I would have failed. (Had it not been for your,)（4）在would rather 后面的從句中：A.從句用過去時指現(xiàn)在。 B.從句用過去時指將來。C.從句用過去完成時指過去。例如 ：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather they came tomorrow.I would rather she hadnt

14、 done that.5)A.通過分詞短語表達條件例如：Given more attention, the crops could have grown better.(=If they had been given more )B.用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句.例如:Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help.C. 情境中提供虛擬語氣 Suppose there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the g

15、round when dropped.She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.6)無詞句暗示條件例如：Such mistakes could have been avoided. (暗含條件從句if we had been more careful.)It was so quiet that you could have heard a pin drop. (暗含條件從句if it had dropped to the ground.)虛擬語氣練習 1.Everythin

16、g _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade. a. will be destroyed b. will have been destroyed b. would be destroyed d. would have been destroyed 2.If you hadnt gone with Tom to the party last night,_. a. you would meet John already b. you wont have missed John c. you will have met John d. you would

17、have met John 3.Supposing this ship _ , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? a. was sinking b. has sunk c. were to sink d. sunk 4.The insects would devour all our crops, if _ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. a. it is not b. it were not c. were

18、it not d. they were not 5.The teacher suggested that each student _ a plan for the vacation. a. made b. make c. makes d. will make 6.Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. a. do b. dont do c. didnt do d. will not do 7. The business of each day, _ selling goods or shipping the

19、m, went quite smoothly. a. it being b. be it c. was it d. it was 8.The idea is that the nation _ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first. a. sent b. sends c. send d. must send 9.Its high time you _. a. start to work b. would start to work c. started to work d. had started to work 10.“If I

20、 hadnt practiced when I was younger,” the musician says, “ I _ able to play so well now.” a. wouldnt be b. wont be c. wouldnt have been d. couldnt have been 11.It is essential that you _ there in person. a. are b. were c. be d. will be 12. Id just as soon _ to the theatre tonight. a. not going b. no

21、t to go c. not go d. that I wont go 13.We required that the machine parts _ cast iron（煅鐵，鑄鐵）. a. is made of b. be made from c. be made of d. is made by 14.The manager urged that the cost of production _. a. to be further reduced b. was further reduced c. be further reduced d. should further reduced

22、15.The business is risky. But _ we would be rich. a. should we succeed b. we should succeed c. might we succeed d. would we succeed 16.I wish our teacher _ to give another test. I havent got prepared yet. a. isnt going b. werent going c. will not going d. could have gone 17.I wish I _ to the movies

23、with you last night. a. went b. did go c. could go d. could have gone 18.Id just as soon _ rudely to her. a. that you wont speak b. your not speaking c. you not speak d. you didnt speak 19.If I _ in the twenty-first century, I _ my vacation in a very different way. a. should livewould spend b. will

24、live .should spend c. are living should have spent d. will be livingwould have spent 20.It is required that the machine _ as frequently as necessary. a. be oiled b. must be oiled c. is oiled d. will oil 21.His English teacher recommends that he _ a regular degree program. a. begins b. begin c. will

25、begin d. is beginning 22.We prefer that the plan _ before being put into execution. a. is fully discussed b. must be fully discussed c. be fully discussed d. will be fully discussed 23.What do you think of his proposal that improvements _ in the old type of vacuum cleaner? a. be made b. will be made

26、 c. would be made d. will have to be made 24.The doctors advice is that the patient _ about his real physical condition. a. be not told b. not be told c. will not be told d. must not be told 25._,we could not have finished the work on time. a. If they do not help us b. Was it not for their help c. S

27、hould they offer to help us d. But for their help 26.If we had been more careful, we _ much better results now. a. got b. had got c. would be getting d. would have got 27.Henry _ a rich man today if he had been more frugal in the past. a. would be b. is c. will be d. was 28.They thought it desirable

28、 that an armed guard _ in readiness. a. stands b. stand c. stood d. would stand 29.All science students, _,should have a good foundation in basic sciences. a. whether they are future physicists and chemists b. they are future physicists of chemists c. they should be future physicists of chemists d.

29、be they future physicists or chemists 30.Sally cant have written home, or _ the letter by now. a. Ill get b. Ill have got c. Id have got d. Id get 31.I should very much like to have gone to the party but I _. a. am not invited b. was not invited c. shall not be invited d. am not being invited 32.The

30、re is a general understanding among them that chief attention _ to this issue.a. is given b. gives c. should be given d. must be given 33.One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _ to its burning temperature. a. be heated b. is heated c. would be heated d. to heat 34.“Did you go to se

31、e the football match yesterday?” “No. I didnt feel well, but I would have gone if I _.” a. did b. have c. would d. had 35.If we had known that she had planned to arrive today, we _ her at the bus station. a. may have met b. might meet c. may meet d. might have met 36. _,I hardly think I would have r

32、ecognized him. a. Should his name not be mentioned b. Had someone not mentioned his name c. If someone did not mention his name d. If someone had mentioned his name 37.He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I _ of hunger and cold. a. would be died b. would have died c. w

33、ould die d . will have died 38._ today, he would get there by Friday. a. Was he leaving b. If he is leaving c. Were he to leave d. If he leaves 39.Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight _. a. could be not solved b. could not be solved c. could not have been solved

34、d. could not have solved 40.He is a poorly learned man. But he acts as though he _. a. is b. were c. should be d. seems like 41.The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _ on the way. a. goes wrong b. go wrong c. went wrong d. would go wrong 42._ the fog, we should have reached our destina

35、tion. a. Because of b. In spite of c. In case of d. But for 43.The old man went to office on foot, but he _ by bus. a. might have gone b. ought have gone c. could have gone d. should be gone 44.He is working hard for fear that he _ to pass the exam. a. fails b. may fail c. should fail d. would fail

36、45. _ the work, he would do it some other way. a. Was he going b. If he does c. Were he to do d. If he is doing 46.Whatever _ well go ahead. a. had happened b. will happen c. might happen d. may be happened 47.If I _ out of ink, I might have finished writing the paper. a. hadnt run b. shouldnt run c

37、. didnt run d. havent run 48.But for your advice, I _ into trouble. a. would get b. got c. might have got d. should get 49._ for the traffic jam, I should have covered fifty miles. a. Had it been b. Had it not been c. It had not been d. It not had been 50.Were it not for the adoption of the open pol

38、icy, things _ what they are today. a. would never be b. could have been c. would never have been d. didnt have 51.If only I _ there. a. have not been b. would not been c. will not be d. had not been 52.Tom would buy that bicycle but he _ no money. a. had b. has c. had had d. has had 53.I didnt go to

39、 the party, but I do wish I _ there. a. was b. were c. had been d. went 54.It is time we _ up our results. a. sum b. summed c. will sum d. would sum 55.Dr Bethune worked hard as if he _. a. never had felt tired b. had never felt tired c. never felt tired d . was tired never 56.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book fr