初中英語動(dòng)詞不定式PPT課件

1、動(dòng)詞形式基本分類（除去時(shí)態(tài)）動(dòng)詞形式基本分類（除去時(shí)態(tài)）動(dòng)詞原形：動(dòng)詞原形：do 如：如：swim動(dòng)詞不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式：to do 如：如：to swim 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞ing形式：形式：doing 如：如：swimming第1頁/共20頁不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)： to + do (動(dòng)詞原形)He plans go to Jinan for a holiday.to 注：注： to只是一個(gè)符號(hào)，起結(jié)構(gòu)作用，無任何實(shí)際意義第2頁/共20頁 He told me not to close the door. He asked me not to close the door.不定式的句式：不定式的

2、句式： He told me to close the door. He asked me to close the door. not+to+do肯定式：肯定式： to do tell sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. tell sb. not to do sth.ask sb. not to do sth.否定式否定式：第3頁/共20頁不定式的特點(diǎn)：不定式的特點(diǎn)： She wanted to be a teacher. We decide to give some money to the poor.1) 動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中不能做謂語2) 沒有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)

3、態(tài)的變化。第4頁/共20頁不定式的句法功能：不定式的句法功能： 動(dòng)詞不定式短語具有名詞、名詞、形容詞和形容詞和副詞副詞等的功能, 可在句中用做多種句子成分。 主語主語 賓語賓語 表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 第5頁/共20頁 句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu): To learn English is easy. To get up early is important . 返回主語+謂語+賓語+狀語。主語主語: : 主語過長，頭重腳輕主語過長，頭重腳輕第6頁/共20頁主語過長，頭重腳輕。用主語過長，頭重腳輕。用itit代替其做形式主語代替其做形式主語。常見句型： Its + adj+ t

4、o do sth. 學(xué)英語很容易。 早起是重要的。對(duì)我們來說學(xué)英語很容易。 對(duì)他來說早起是重要的。以前還學(xué)過類似的句子： Its very kind of you to help me. Its nice of him to take care of his young brother.Its easy to learn English. Its important to get up early. Its easy _to learn English. Its important _to get up early. 句型句型：Its + adj+ of sb. to do sth.如果說對(duì)某

5、人來說做什么事是怎樣的怎么辦？也就是需要體現(xiàn)如果說對(duì)某人來說做什么事是怎樣的怎么辦？也就是需要體現(xiàn)這些行為的邏輯主語，那怎么辦？這些行為的邏輯主語，那怎么辦？for us for him 句型：句型：Its + adj+ for sb. to do sth.形式主語形式主語真正主語真正主語第7頁/共20頁區(qū)別：區(qū)別： Its + adj+ for sb. to do sth. Its + adj+ of sb. to do sth.注: for形容詞修飾的是動(dòng)作；of形容的是人： Its foolish _ you to ask such silly questions. Its import

6、ant _ me to learn maths well. Its polite _ you to knock on the door before you come in.for of of第8頁/共20頁賓賓 語語 I would like to see your photos. Kevin planned to visit his uncle. 特殊特殊( (一）：一）： 類似詞類似詞: : want, agree, hope, decide, agree, start, begin, love, like, hate, prefer等。注意：注意： 斜體既可以斜體既可以to do 也可

7、以也可以doing , ,但區(qū)別不大但區(qū)別不大 like doing指經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，指經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作， like to do指一次性的動(dòng)作指一次性的動(dòng)作 I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now 我喜歡游泳, 但我現(xiàn)在不想游。第9頁/共20頁賓賓 語語特殊（二）：特殊（二）：stop, forget, remember,等詞或短語后面可以接等詞或短語后面可以接to do 與與doing,但意思但意思大不相同。大不相同。 stop to do sth. :停下來去做另一件事停下來去做另一件事 stop doing ：停止正在做的事情：停止正在做的事情 fo

8、rget to do:忘了去做某事忘了去做某事 forget doing sth.: 忘記做過某事忘記做過某事 remember to do sth.:記著要做某事記著要做某事 remember doing sth.: 記著已做了某事記著已做了某事 When the teacher came in, the students stopped_；when he came out, the students stopped _ (talk)talkingto talk第10頁/共20頁特殊句式：特殊句式： 在句型中，it是形式賓語, 真正的賓語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。 The man found it

9、 difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text 第11頁/共20頁 賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語(1)在多數(shù)復(fù)合賓語及物動(dòng)詞后要帶to： tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, warn, wish, help, get, wish, 等詞后面常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 例: I asked a friend to read it to me I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write(2

10、) 在表示感覺、致使等意義的動(dòng)詞(feel, listen to, hear, make, let, have, notice, see, watch, find, help等)后不帶to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如： The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room 返回第12頁/共20頁表表 語語主語主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語表語 His wish is to become a scientist Our duty is to protect the environment. 判斷：判斷： My wor

11、k is _(teach) in this school now. I _ (teach) in this school now.返回 這些行為不是這些行為不是wishwish、dutyduty發(fā)出的，而這些行為的發(fā)出發(fā)出的，而這些行為的發(fā)出 者只能是人，所以不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)這種結(jié)構(gòu)。者只能是人，所以不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)這種結(jié)構(gòu)。to teacham teaching His wish is becoming a scientist Our duty is protecting the environment. 第13頁/共20頁定語定語 動(dòng)詞不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞動(dòng)詞不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞

12、、代詞的后面。、代詞的后面。 例例: He is the first person to sail around the world. I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 返回 Have you got some pens to write with？ 特殊情況特殊情況: : 如果動(dòng)詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系如果動(dòng)詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, , 且動(dòng)詞是不且動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞, , 切記不要忘掉后面的介詞。切記不要忘掉后面的介詞。 I have

13、a small bedroom to live in 第14頁/共20頁 作狀語作狀語 a.a.目的狀語目的狀語: : 放在go, come, use, live, in order等詞后面.如： I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.b. b. 原因狀語原因狀語: : 放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed， excited等詞后面。如： I am gla

14、d to see you here I am sorry to trouble youc. c. 作結(jié)果狀語作結(jié)果狀語。如: Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people 特殊情況：特殊情況：too to She is too young to look after herself. 返回第15頁/共20頁“疑問詞不定式疑問詞不定式”用法用法 不式前可帶不式前可帶what，who，which，where, when, how, whose, 等疑問詞等疑問詞, 這種不定式短語在

15、句中作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語等。這種不定式短語在句中作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語等。例例: He didnt tell me where to go. （直賓）（直賓） I dont know what to say now.（賓語）（賓語） I dont know what to do next. （賓語）（賓語） He taught us how to use the computer(賓補(bǔ)）賓補(bǔ)） Its still a question how to get there(主語主語) 返回第16頁/共20頁練習(xí)：練習(xí)： 1. Its time for us _ (have) supper 2

16、. Would you like _ (go) shopping with me？ 3. It took us half an hour _ (work) out the problem 4. He is old enough _ (join) the army 5. I feel it strange _ (have) a twin sister 6. I am very glad _ (meet) you here 7. We saw them_ (come) into the room just now 8. What he said made me_ (feel) sorry 9. I am sorryI forgot_ (tell) you the news 10. His plan is _ (spend) a few days in the mountains 11. Have you got anything _ (say)? 12. Have you decided which one _ (choose)? 13. He is too weak _ (carry) the big stone 第17頁/共2