高中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解與練習(xí)教學(xué)專題

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài) passive voice1、 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 動(dòng)詞語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，表示句中主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者或行為的對(duì)象。謂語動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)語態(tài)的叫主動(dòng)句，為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的叫被動(dòng)句。1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式 體 時(shí)一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來時(shí)： should/would be done waswere going to be done waswere about to be done waswere to be to done過去將來完成時(shí)： should/would have

2、been done 2. 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞練習(xí)：1) visitors _ (request) not to touch the exhibits.2) all the preparations for the task_(complete), and we're ready to start.3) look, a new cinema _(build) here now4) i _ (give) ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer.5)by the end of last year

3、, another new gymnasium _(complete) in beijing.6) a meeting _(hold) when i was there.7) hundreds of job_ (lose) if the factory closes.8) the news _(send) to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9) the project _(complete) before july.10）he told me that his new clothes _(make)very soon.11）th

4、e baby _(take care of) by the baby-sitter. 應(yīng)該由保姆照顧2. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式二. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1. 主+謂+賓結(jié)構(gòu)：rowling wrote harry potter. _.the government supported the research. _.no one has ever beaten her at tennis._.we didnt notice anything special in his work. _.2. 主+謂+間賓+直賓：his mother gave him a present for his b

5、irthday. _.my uncle bought me a new computer. _. _.our teacher offered us many suggestions to reduce pressure._. _.注意: 加to或者forshe told me when the project would start. _.3. 主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)：people call this team a cheer-leading squad. _.注意：在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, let以及感官動(dòng)詞see, look at, watch, notice,observe, hear

6、, listen to, feel,help等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。someone saw a stranger walk into the building._.4. 含有be going to do和be to do等結(jié)構(gòu)（be只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)）we are going to discuss the problem at the meeting._.they are to show this new film on tv next week. _.5. 表示“據(jù)說，相信，認(rèn)為，期待”等動(dòng)詞后含有賓語從句的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句，

7、如；_。we know that he is the best dentist in the town. _. _.重點(diǎn)拓展：it is said that 據(jù)說,it is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道，it is believed that大家相信，it is hoped that大家希望，it is well known that眾所周知，it is thought that大家認(rèn)為，it is suggested that據(jù)建議。6. 祈使句變被動(dòng)句肯定祈使句：let+賓語+be+done否定祈使句：dont let+賓語+be+done；let+賓語+not+be+donemov

8、e the desks into the passage. _.dont throw rubbish everywhere. _.7. 謂語為動(dòng)詞短語的情況：如“動(dòng)詞介詞”，“動(dòng)詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。they have put off the meeting till next saturday._.when we got to the cinema, it had sold out all the tickets._.8. 雙重被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：指句中謂語動(dòng)詞和其后的不定式均為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，句子主語既是謂語動(dòng)詞的承受著又是不定式動(dòng)作

9、的承受者。they asked us to discuss the problem at once. _._.parents often ask their children to do too much homework. _._.3、 謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1. 不及物動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義。（1） 可用來表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”“性能”的不及物動(dòng)詞：break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，常與well/ badly/easily/smoothly搭配。例 this kind of cloth washes we

10、ll.注意：主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：the door won't lock （指門本身有毛?。﹖he door won't be locked （指不會(huì)有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）（2） 某些狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞，在漢語中雖有被動(dòng)意味，但英語中用主動(dòng)形式，如：weigh，measure，cost，spread，last，happen，break out，take place，consist of, come out, come about, come across, get across, run out, gi

11、ve out, turn out等。this wall measures 10 meters long.the news that a famous singer would give a show spread quickly.2. 系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)：look，feel，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay，appear。the music sounds comfortable.this shirt feels much softer than that one.四非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義1. 不定式的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)a. 在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語

12、或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。this problem is difficult to work out .b. 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。i have a lot of things to do this afternoon試比較：ill go to the post

13、 office. do you have a letter to be posted? with something to buy, she went to market.i have a letter to write. she has something to say.c. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中如rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。am i to blame?the house is to let.2. 動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。a. 在need，want，require, deserve等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。

14、the house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。b形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。3. 介詞in, on, under, out of等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動(dòng)意義under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）in the charge of (在.掌管之下）， in use(在使用中),

15、in print（在印刷中）on show(展出)， on sale (待售)， out of control, out of sightfor sale, for rent, beyond belief, beyond our hope.例the building is under construction( is being constructed).重點(diǎn)拓展：被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)意義，某些動(dòng)詞+反身代詞可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表主動(dòng)意義如devote oneself to, dress oneself, seat oneself, amuse oneself, lose oneself, prepare

16、 oneself for, concern oneself about.變?yōu)椋篵e devoted to, be hidden in, be buried in, be absorbed in , be lost, be seated in, be faced with, be prepared for.五、被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別當(dāng)“be+過去分詞”作被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)表示主語承受的動(dòng)作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)，be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例the glass is b

17、roken _the glass was broken by the boy _the teacher was pleased by her answer. _the teacher was pleased with her answer. _2如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例the door is locked _the door has already/just been locked_3被動(dòng)語態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動(dòng)詞be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。例 the machine is being repaired_many k

18、inds of art have been lost in the world. _4. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的修飾過去分詞的副詞有區(qū)別。被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用greatly等詞修飾，系表結(jié)構(gòu)常用very, quite, rather, too, so, more, most等。例 i am greatly moved by his kindness. i am very interested in taking the course you are offering.6 練習(xí)1. 改錯(cuò) 1)two boys hurt while playing a ball2)the singer lived in

19、london until he was sending to university3)how long do you think the meeting will be lasted?4)a fire was broken out last night5)he had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before6)the large building that is now built will be a hospital7)his plan is sounded good8)your coa

20、t needs being washed2. 填空1) the pen _ (write) very fast. 2) this kind of sweater _ sells (sell) well. 3) large numbers of plastic bags _ (use) in the supermarkets every day. 4) must the old people _ (speak) to politely? 5) her grandma was still alive when he _(take) to the hospital.6) english _(spea

21、k) in many is spoken counties. 7) three quarters of the worlds books are written (write) in english. _ 8) all the students _(ask)to bring a kite with them last sunday. 9) are many ways _(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees? 10). what are on show in the museum? some photos _(take)by a

22、merican children. 11) the fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _ (develop) and perfected now.12) having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ (see) whether they will enjoy it.13) when and where to go for the on-salary holiday _(decide) yet.14) the

23、new suspension bridge _(design) by the end of last month.15)when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _(break). 16) - what do you think of the book?  -oh, excellent. it's worth _(read) a second time.  17）that suit _ (cost) less than 60 dollars yesterday, but n

24、ow its price is increased. 七、被動(dòng)語態(tài)與高考試題賞析1 高考對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的考查例析1). in some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (nmet1993)a. is serving b. is served c. serves d. served解析 b 因?yàn)閟erve是及物動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)作承受者tea作主語，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2). this is teds phone. we miss him a lot. he _ trying to save a child

25、 in the earthquake.(nmet2002)a. killed b. is killedc. was killed d. was killing解析 c ted是kill的承受者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且ted救人發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。3). - have you moved into the new house?- not yet, the rooms _. (nmet1991) a. are being painted b. are paintingc. are painted d. are being painting解析 a “house”和“paint”應(yīng)該是被

26、動(dòng)的關(guān)系，排除b，d。后者未搬進(jìn)新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，排除c。4). when and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. （上海春2003）a. are not decided b. have not been decidedc. is not being decided d. has not been decided解析 d decide是及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者通常是人，句中的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以decide要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。從題干的語境和關(guān)鍵詞yet，可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

27、，不定式做主語用單數(shù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。5). the manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.（上海春2001）a. was booked b. had been bookedc. were booked d. have been booked解析 b 句中tickets是book(訂票)的承受者，主謂為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因票已被訂出應(yīng)發(fā)生在entered the office這個(gè)過去動(dòng)作之前，所以要用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2高考對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的考查當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞

28、的邏輯主語為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí), 須用被動(dòng)式。弄清非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。1). having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (nmet2002)a. to see b. to be seenc. seeing d. seen解析 b 根據(jù)題意，那對(duì)老夫婦是否到國外旅行是將來的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用不定式，故排除掉c、d兩項(xiàng)；又因remains的邏輯主語it是動(dòng)詞see說表示動(dòng)作的承受者，即“到國外旅

29、行”這件事，這件事有待于“被決定”，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。2). while shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. （上海1996）a. to persuaded b. persuadingc. being persuaded d. be persuaded解析 c cant help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除a和d；顧客應(yīng)是“被勸說”購物的，要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。3）. i feel it is your husband who _ for the

30、 spoiled child. （上海2002）a. is to blame b. is going to blamec. is to be blamed d. should blame解析 a feel的賓語從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，在某些場合可用不定式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如to blame， to let等?！緩?qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】1. if city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnera are not kept；will have tob are not kept；havec do

31、 not keep；will have tod do not keep；have to2. the fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.a. developedb. have developedc. are being developedd. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off- yes，it all depends on the weathera i've been t

32、old b i've toldc i'm told d i told4. i need one more stamp before my collection _.a. has completed b. completesc. has been completed d. is completed5. rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.a. cut b. are cutc. are being cut d. had

33、been cut6. the new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.a. has been designedb. had been designedc. was designedd. would be designed7. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.a. breaks b. has brokenc. was broken d. had been broken8. great changes _ in the city, and a

34、lot of factories _.a. have been taken place; have been set upb. have taken place; have been set upc. have taken place; have set upd. were taken place; were set up9. that suit _ over 60 dollars.a. had costed b. costed c. is costed d. cost10. - look! everything here is under construction.- whats the p

35、retty small house that _ for?a. is being built b. has been builtc. is built d. is building11.- do you like the material?- yes, it _ very soft.a. is feeling b. feltc. feels d. is felt12. it is difficult for a foreigner _ chinesea write b to writec to be written d written13. i have no more letters _ ，

36、thank youa to type b typingc to be typed d typed14. take care! dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.a. wont wash out b. wont be washed outc. isnt washed out d. isnt washing out15. nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.a. be put up b. give inc. be t

37、urned on d. go out16. the computers on the table _ professor smith.a. belongs b. are belonged toc. belongs to d. belong to17. - what do you think of the book?-oh, excellent. its worth _ a second time.a. to read b. to be read c. reading d. being read18. the squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. a

38、. catching b. to be caughtc. being caught d. to catch19. this page needed _ again.a. being checked b. checkedc. to check d. to be checked20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesa. having taught b. having been taughtc. taught d. teachingkey 1-5 acadc 6-10 bcbda11-15 cbcad 16

39、-20 dccdb被動(dòng)語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)選擇題 1.our house_,      a . is getting paintb . is getting painted c . is got paintedd . has got to paint 2.he arrived in beijing,where he_his friend .      a . was met byb . was metc . was meetingd . met by  3.the war_in 1937    a . was b

40、roken outb . had been broken out c . has broken outd . broke out  4.the mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher.      a . crossb . be crossingc . be crossed byd . cross by  5.my brother and i have _her birthday party.      a . been invitedb . been invited f

41、orc . invited tod . been invited to  6.it_this way      a . is had to dob . is had to be donec . had to be doned . has to do  7.it_this way.     a used to dob . used to be donec . is used to dod . is used to doing  8._chaplin.      a . the

42、child's name was calledb . the child's name calls     c . the child callsd . the child is named  9.the sports meeting_ .      a . is put offb . is to put offc . is to be put offd . puts off  10.mary realized she_      a . was making fun

43、ofb . was made fun   c . was being made fun ofd . was being made fun  11._to say a thing in that way      a . it is considers wrongb . it is considered wrong     c . it is considered it's wrongd . it is consiedring wrong  12.he ordered that the b

44、ooks_at once.      a . would be printedb . would printc . be printedd . print  13.the story_in china .       a . was taken placeb . was happenedc . took placed . has been taken place  14.the house_my parents      a . is belong tob . belong

45、toc . belongs tod . is belonged to  15.he_by his teacher.      a . happened to seeb . was happened to see  c . happened to be seend . was happened to be seen  16.great changes_in our province.many tall buildings.      a . have been taken place, have been

46、set up     b . have taken place, have been set up     c . have been taken place, have been set up     d . were taken place, were set up  17.the hall's_but it's not yet_with lamps.      a . furnished, finishedb . been finished,

47、been furnished     c . being finished, being furnishedd . set up, full  18.the new hall is the tallest building in this town._from here?    a . can it seeb . can it be seenc . can it seend . can see  19.as soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_.

48、60;    a . had already taken offb . already took off     c . was already taking offd . was already taken off  20. some of the hotels in my hometown_.      a . have now been rebuildingb . are now rebuilding     c . are now being rebuiltd . a

49、re rebuilt now  21. if city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner     a . are not kept；will have tob . are not kept；have     c . do not keep；will have tod . do not keep；have to 22. the fifth generation computers, with artificial intelli

50、gence, are _and perfected now.     a . developedb . have developed  c . are being developedd . will have been developed  23. - _ the sports meet might be put off - yes，it all depends on the weather     a . i've been toldb . i've toldc . i'm toldd .

51、 i told  24. i need one more stamp before my collection _.     a . has completedb . completesc . has been completedd . is completed  25. rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.     a . cutb . ar

52、e cutc . are being cutd . had been cut  26. the new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.     a . has been designedb . had been designed    c . was designedd . would be designed  27.when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. 

53、60;  a . breaksb . has brokenc . was brokend . had been broken  28. great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.     a . have been taken place; have been set up b . have taken place; have been set up    c . have taken place; have set up d . were taken place; were set up  29. that suit _ over 60 dollars.     a . had costedb . costedc . is costedd . cost  30. - look! everything here is