新人教版八下Unit8--現(xiàn)在完成時語法

1、Unit 8Have you read Treasure Island yet?（語法一）（語法一）現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時： 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)。動作或保存的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語主語+ have / has + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞一般疑問句一般疑問句： have / has ? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasnt. 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在

2、完成時動詞構(gòu)成have /has + v 過去分詞過去分詞助動詞助動詞否定否定haventhasnt疑問疑問Have you?Has he?常與下列時間狀語連用：常與下列時間狀語連用：just , already, yet,ever, never, before, several times, how long, so far, recently, for+時間段時間段 since+（時間點，（時間點，或過去時態(tài)從句）或過去時態(tài)從句）（1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。和和already，never, ever, just, before , ye

3、t等狀語連用。等狀語連用。-Would you like something to eat now for breakfast?-No, thanks. I have just(剛剛剛剛) eaten my breakfast.(影響和結(jié)果：已經(jīng)吃過了，現(xiàn)在我不餓影響和結(jié)果：已經(jīng)吃過了，現(xiàn)在我不餓) nowPast（過去）（過去）.-Will you go to the movies with me tonight?-Which movie?-Hero.（英雄）（英雄）-Oh, I have seen it twice(對現(xiàn)在的影響：已看過，不再對現(xiàn)在的影響：已看過，不再去去)3.I cant

4、 buy that book (影響和結(jié)果影響和結(jié)果)because I have already run out of my money.4 -Whats the matter ,Linda?-I cant find my letter, could you help me?-Letter? oh , Your sister has already helped you to post it.(影響和結(jié)果是找不著信了影響和結(jié)果是找不著信了)5. Sorry , Tom, I cant play with you ,（影響和結(jié)果影響和結(jié)果） I havent finished my homew

5、ork yet(尚未尚未).對比對比(1) I ate my breakfast.(我吃過早飯了我吃過早飯了) (2)I saw this movie twice ( 這部電影我看過這部電影我看過兩次兩次 )(3)I ran out of my money.（我把錢花光了）（我把錢花光了）(4)Your sister helped you to post it.(你姐姐幫你姐姐幫忙寄出去了忙寄出去了)(5) I didnt finish my homework( 我沒有完成我沒有完成作業(yè)作業(yè) ).思考：一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的區(qū)別思考：一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的區(qū)別111現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完

6、成時態(tài)的關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞用法及區(qū)別用法及區(qū)別（一）（一）already 和和 yet 這兩個副詞常常用于完成時態(tài)這兩個副詞常常用于完成時態(tài), 其中其中already常用于常用于肯定句肯定句, 位置放在助動詞位置放在助動詞have/ has之后。翻譯為之后。翻譯為已經(jīng)已經(jīng)yet常用于常用于否定句否定句和和疑問句疑問句中，中，在否定句中翻譯為在否定句中翻譯為“尚未，還沒有尚未，還沒有”在疑問句中常翻譯為在疑問句中常翻譯為仍然仍然，還，已經(jīng)，還，已經(jīng)如如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。 Mother hasnt

7、come home yet. 媽媽還沒回來。媽媽還沒回來。 Have you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你已經(jīng)讀過你已經(jīng)讀過野性的呼喚野性的呼喚嗎？嗎？一、一、 用用“already, / yet”來填空來填空1 Have you watered the flowers_?2 So far(到目前為止到目前為止) We have_ planted 3oo trees.3 Tom hasnt been to(去過去過) that city_4 Susan, have you packed （打包）打包）your bag_?-Yes, Mom, I have d

8、one that_.5 Wow, have you already climbed up that tall tree? I cant believe my eyes. (特例：特例：already 用于疑問句中，表示非常用于疑問句中，表示非常驚訝，驚奇驚訝，驚奇)二、二、 請完成課本請完成課本60頁的頁的4a現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如：如：Have you read that story？你讀過那個故你讀過那個故事嗎？（事嗎？（“讀讀”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的影

9、響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。）在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。） I have bought two apples 我買了兩個蘋果。我買了兩個蘋果。 （“買買”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個蘋果。）的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個蘋果。） （二）二） ever,和和neverever ，“曾經(jīng)，用在肯定句或疑問句中曾經(jīng)，用在肯定句或疑問句中”1. He has ever been my coach.( 教練教練)2. Have you ever helped those homeless people?never，“從未，從來沒有，用在肯定句中從未，從來沒有

10、，用在肯定句中”3. I have never been to shanghai.4. She has never borrowed money from others.(三三) just和和before5. just, “剛剛，用在肯定句中，助動詞后剛剛，用在肯定句中，助動詞后”: They have just finished that job.6 before, “以前，用在肯，否，疑問句中皆可，放在助動詞后以前，用在肯，否，疑問句中皆可，放在助動詞后”I have climbed Mountain Tai before（以前）（以前）. 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去的

11、區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時 的區(qū)別舉例如下：的區(qū)別舉例如下： 1. I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。(強調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果強調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果) I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打掃了我的房間。（只說明上周做了這我上周打掃了我的房間。（只說明上周做了這件事，與現(xiàn)在無件事，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）關(guān)）2. I have lived in Ning yang for 20years(我在寧陽已經(jīng)住了我在寧陽已經(jīng)

12、住了20年了，年了，現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在還在住著還在住著)I lived in Ningyang 20years ago.（我（我20年前在寧陽住過，只強調(diào)年前在寧陽住過，只強調(diào)20年前的事情，與現(xiàn)在年前的事情，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）無關(guān)）說明：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)指發(fā)生在過去的動作強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造說明：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)指發(fā)生在過去的動作強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果；而成的影響和結(jié)果；而 一般過去式只強調(diào)過去，與現(xiàn)在無一般過去式只強調(diào)過去，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。關(guān)。注意注意: 兩種時態(tài)中所使用的時間狀語不一樣兩種時態(tài)中所使用的時間狀語不一樣(如如: yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, ju

13、st now,(剛才剛才) when she came in 等等)過去時態(tài)過去時態(tài)(如如: already, yet, ever, never, just ,before, once, twice, recently, lately,（近來）（近來）since,自從自從how long how many times,多少次多少次so far目前為止等目前為止等)-用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)兩大時態(tài)對比練習題兩大時態(tài)對比練習題1 _you washed your fathers car yet? -Yes, I_.A Do ,do B Did, did C Have, have He _

14、reading that book last night. A finishes B finished C has finished 3 Lucy, _you _the plants?-Yes, Mom. I have.-When_ you _them?-Yesterday afternoon.A .have watered, did water B .did water, did water C .have watered, have watered4.見綜訓見綜訓91頁頁“精題演練精題演練1-2”和綜訓和綜訓92頁鞏固訓頁鞏固訓練的第二大題；練的第二大題；六大時態(tài)小結(jié)六大時態(tài)小結(jié)同學們，截

15、止到目前為止，我們一共學習了六大時態(tài)他們是：同學們，截止到目前為止，我們一共學習了六大時態(tài)他們是：一般。，一般。，一般。，一般。，一般。，一般。， 現(xiàn)在進行，過去進行，現(xiàn)在進行，過去進行，現(xiàn)在完成（現(xiàn)在完成（請背會六大時態(tài)名稱請背會六大時態(tài)名稱）當遇到有關(guān)各種時態(tài)夾雜在一起的練習題時，一定要小心謹慎，當遇到有關(guān)各種時態(tài)夾雜在一起的練習題時，一定要小心謹慎，做題方法是：找關(guān)鍵詞做題方法是：找關(guān)鍵詞選擇敲定時態(tài)名稱選擇敲定時態(tài)名稱-聯(lián)系構(gòu)成和句聯(lián)系構(gòu)成和句型型-最后看一下主語再根據(jù)翻譯來判定。最后看一下主語再根據(jù)翻譯來判定。（一句話簡單總結(jié)為：找字眼，選時態(tài)，想構(gòu)成，看主語）（一句話簡單總結(jié)為：找

16、字眼，選時態(tài)，想構(gòu)成，看主語）即時訓練題：即時訓練題： 請看課本的請看課本的60頁頁完成完成 4b 完成配套完成配套 第第44頁的第頁的第 II 大題。大題。 爭取做對呀！爭取做對呀！Unit 8Have you read Treasure Island yet?語法（二）語法（二）定義二：定義二：. 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還可以表示過去已經(jīng)開始的動作現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還可以表示過去已經(jīng)開始的動作 一直一直持續(xù)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，到現(xiàn)在，甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。到現(xiàn)在，到現(xiàn)在，甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。我們可以從以下兩個方面進一步學習現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：我們可以從以下兩個方面進一步學習現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：一是：一是： “時間點段的

17、區(qū)分時間點段的區(qū)分”二是二是“動作延續(xù)的特性動作延續(xù)的特性”時間點段的區(qū)分時間點段的區(qū)分：主要掌握兩個關(guān)鍵詞：主要掌握兩個關(guān)鍵詞“for , since ”1. 區(qū)別：區(qū)別：“ “forfor” ”+ +時間時間段段如如: for two days; for three years; for ten minutes; for six months; for a long time1) I have studied English for three months. 2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 3) He has waited for

18、you for about an hour. 2. since:自從自從; 自自以來，后接三種形式以來，后接三種形式( 1).since+表示表示過去時間點過去時間點的詞語的詞語Since last night; since this morning; since last October; since seven oclock yesterday morning；since 1998( 2).since+ 時間段時間段+ ago 翻譯為：自從翻譯為：自從前前Since two days ago; since five years ago; since 20 minutes ago ( 3).

19、since+表示表示過去時間的從句過去時間的從句: since I lived/came here：自從我來到、住到這兒：自從我來到、住到這兒forsinceHe has lived here_ ten years ago.選擇選擇for或或since填空：填空： I have been here _five months ago.2. He has been a soldier _ about two months.3. Great changes have taken place _ you left.4. His grandpa has been dead _ ten years.5.

20、I have studied English _ I was 12 years old.6. It is two years _ I became a postgraduate student.sinceforsinceforsincesince二者引出的時間狀語往往用二者引出的時間狀語往往用 how long提問提問How long have you had this book? 這本書你買多久了這本書你買多久了?For a week./Since a week ago. 買一周了。買一周了。How long have you had that bike over there?Ive had

21、 it for three years.How long has his son owned the train and railway set?Hes owned it since his fourth birthday.Have you ever played football?Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played for a while now.Grammar Focus Unit 9 Grammar 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)（二）現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)（二）(1). Have (has) been in 意為意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長

22、時間多長時間”，常與，常與表示一段時間的狀語表示一段時間的狀語連用。連用。Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。他們到加拿大有五年了。 5. have /has been in, have/has been to 與與have /has gone to 的用法的用法 (2). Have (has) been to 意為意為“曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)去過去過某地某地”，表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。已經(jīng)

23、回來；表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。已經(jīng)回來； 可與可與 just, ever, never 等連用。等連用。如：如：Ive just been to the post office. 我剛才我剛才去過去過郵局了。（已回）郵局了。（已回） Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)你曾經(jīng)去過去過杭州嗎？（已回）杭州嗎？（已回） Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗瑪麗從未去過從未去過長城。長城。 (3). Have (has) been to 后面可接后面可接次數(shù)次數(shù)， 表示去過某地幾次。表示去過某地幾次。如：如：Ive be

24、en to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。我去過北京三次。 They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。(4). Have (has) gone to 意為意為“到某地到某地去了去了”，表示，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時該人到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、二人稱代詞作主語。不用第一、二人稱代詞作主語。如如: Where is Tom? 湯姆在哪里？湯姆在哪里？ He has gone to the bo

25、okshop. 他到書店他到書店去了去了。例如：例如：He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港他到香港去了去了。(他已前往香港他已前往香港, 或在途中或在途中, 或已到達。說話人暗示他現(xiàn)在不在現(xiàn)場或已到達。說話人暗示他現(xiàn)在不在現(xiàn)場)對比：對比：He has been to Hong Kong. 他他去過去過香港。香港。(說話人認為他到過香港說話人認為他到過香港, 言外之意對香港了解言外之意對香港了解)對應訓練題：綜訓第對應訓練題：綜訓第104頁和頁和106頁的三題。頁的三題。練習題練習題1 Wheres Tom?He _ the library. A has gone B

26、have gone to C has gone to2 How many times have you ever _ Dalian? A gone to B been to C been 3 Mountain Tai is so beautiful, but I have never _ before. A been B been to C gone D gone to4 My father is busy every day. These days he_ Japan and he _Japan many times.A has gone to , has gone to B bas gon

27、e to ,has been to,C has been to, bas gone to D has been to, has been to練習題練習題: Its a long time since we _ (meet) last, isnt it? 2. -I know you _ (choose) a picture book among these. -Yes, Have a look at it, please. 3. So far, spaceships without people _ (reach) the moon and some other parts of the u

28、niverse. 4. My father_ home for nearly three weeks.A. has gone away from B. has leftC. has been away from D. went away 5. Mr. and Mrs. Green have_ in China for a week. A. been B. got C. arrived D. reached methave chosenhave reachedCA Unit 10 Grammar 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)（二）現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)（二）二二. 動作延續(xù)的特性動作延續(xù)的特性3. 在英語中，有些動詞本身

29、就是延續(xù)性的動詞，如：在英語中，有些動詞本身就是延續(xù)性的動詞，如：Wait; read; study; sleep; play; live; have; stay他們可以與他們可以與”for+時間段，時間段， since +時間點時間點”或或過去的從句連用，也可以用過去的從句連用，也可以用“how long ”來提問來提問1 He has studied English for five years.2 I have lived in Shanghai since I came to China.3 How long have you stayed in New York?For ten mo

30、nths.但是，還有一些動詞是非延續(xù)性的動詞，還必須用于現(xiàn)在但是，還有一些動詞是非延續(xù)性的動詞，還必須用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中，與表示時間段或時間點的詞組連用，此時，完成時態(tài)中，與表示時間段或時間點的詞組連用，此時，必須把這些非延續(xù)性的動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為它們對應的延續(xù)性動詞，必須把這些非延續(xù)性的動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為它們對應的延續(xù)性動詞，有些不可能全記住，只能記憶一些常見，常用，?？嫉模行┎豢赡苋涀?，只能記憶一些常見，常用，?？嫉模?，所以，下面對應的轉(zhuǎn)化大家一定記下來下面對應的轉(zhuǎn)化大家一定記下來！而且對比記憶改！而且對比記憶改錯前后的不同。錯前后的不同。4. 如如:判讀下列各句的正誤判讀下列各句的正誤I hav

31、e bought this computer since four years ago. ()I have had this computer since four years ago. ()The old man has died for 4 years. () The old man has been dead for 4 years. () He has joined the Party since 2 years ago. ()He has been in the Party since 2 years ago. ()I have borrowed the book from the

32、library for two weeks. ()I have kept the book from the library for two weeks. ()The film has begun for ten minutes. ()The film has been on for ten minutes. ()He has come here since two days ago()He has been here since two days ago ()He has left his home since two years ago()He has been away from his home since two years ago. ()The film has begun for ten minutes. ()The film has been on for ten minutes. ()How long has the supermarket opened? ()How long has the supermarket been open? ()總結(jié)：總結(jié)： “買，借單獨記；買，借單獨記； 其余都含其余都含been ; (1)been +adj.形容詞形容詞been dead; been