非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)資料

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1蒼松優(yōu)選不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài):1.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)的基本形不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)的基本形式（以式（以do為例）為例）2蒼松優(yōu)選主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式to be doing無無完成式完成式to have done to have been done完成進(jìn)完成進(jìn)行式行式to have been doing無無3蒼松優(yōu)選 不定式一般式的用法不定式一般式的用法: 表示將來表示將來,即表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之即表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后的動(dòng)作后的動(dòng)作: we decided to leav

2、e early. he asked me to buy him some paper. 表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或略先于表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或略先于謂語動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作謂語動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作:who heard him say that?im sorry to hear that.4蒼松優(yōu)選不定式進(jìn)行式的用法不定式進(jìn)行式的用法:表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且正在進(jìn)行表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作:he seems to be saying something.he is thought to be hiding in the woods.正如可用進(jìn)行式表將來一樣正如可用進(jìn)行式表將來一樣,不定式進(jìn)不定

3、式進(jìn)行式有時(shí)也行式有時(shí)也 可表將來可表將來:the old man seems to be dying.he was happy to be coming home.5蒼松優(yōu)選表示在謂語動(dòng)作之前表示在謂語動(dòng)作之前6蒼松優(yōu)選表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望:i should like to have come earlier.we were to have been married last year.（我們?cè)蛩闳ツ杲Y(jié)婚。）（我們?cè)蛩闳ツ杲Y(jié)婚。）7蒼松優(yōu)選不定式完成進(jìn)行式的用法不定式完成進(jìn)行式的用法:表示在謂語動(dòng)作之前一直在進(jìn)行表示在謂語動(dòng)作之前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作:you s

4、eem to have been writing very long.the battle was said to have been going on for two days.8蒼松優(yōu)選主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式to be doing無無完成式完成式to have done to have been done完成進(jìn)完成進(jìn)行式行式to have been doing無無9蒼松優(yōu)選分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài):主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞分詞一般式一般式 doingbeing done完成式完成式 having d

5、one having been done過去過去分詞分詞一般式一般式 done無無10蒼松優(yōu)選 1.doing(一般式一般式)表示的動(dòng)作可以與謂表示的動(dòng)作可以與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)語動(dòng)作同時(shí),也可以在謂語動(dòng)作之前或也可以在謂語動(dòng)作之前或之后之后,有時(shí)沒有明確的先后關(guān)系有時(shí)沒有明確的先后關(guān)系: 與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生: he kept smiling. everyone is practicing speaking english.11蒼松優(yōu)選發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后（固定用法）（固定用法）he advised leaving early.would you mind open

6、ing the window?發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前（固定用法）（固定用法） :i remember mailing the letter.沒有明確的先后關(guān)系（泛指、常理）沒有明確的先后關(guān)系（泛指、常理）:teaching is learning.learning a foreign language is not easy.12蒼松優(yōu)選2.having done:動(dòng)名詞完成式主要表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)名詞完成式主要表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài):he forgot having promised to write her.i have no idea of h

7、is having done such a thing.13蒼松優(yōu)選the problem_ next is of great importance.the problem_ now is of great importance.the problem_ just now is of treat importance.a.discussed b. being discussed c. to be discusseda _b _c _14蒼松優(yōu)選根據(jù)上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂動(dòng)詞發(fā)生根據(jù)上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系確定的先后關(guān)系確定-li ming is said _ abroad. d

8、o you know what country-yes, in london. a. to have studied b. to study c. to be studying d. to have been studyinghe studied in ?he will study in?he studies in?abc15蒼松優(yōu)選1. i dont know whether you happen _, (遼寧卷)a. to be heard b. to be hearingc. to hear d. to have heard 【分析】答案選d。hear發(fā)生在謂語dont know之前，用

9、不定式的完成式。 句意是：我不知道你是否已經(jīng)聽說過了，今年九月我要去美國學(xué)習(xí)。2. the old man, _ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (江蘇卷)a. to work b. working c. to have worked d. having worked 【分析】答案選d。work發(fā)生在謂語(返回祖國)之前，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語，表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于after he has worked abroad不定式作狀語不能表示時(shí)間。16蒼松優(yōu)選3. little jim should love

10、 _ to the theatre this evening. (全國卷)a. to be taken b. to takec. being taken d. taking【分析】答案選a。句子主語little jim與take是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，“被帶去看戲”發(fā)生在“想(should love=want)”后，所以用不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語。說明說明：動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義的情況：在作表語或賓補(bǔ)的形容詞后用狀語時(shí)；作定語修飾have, there be, this / that / these / those be等后面的名詞或代詞時(shí)；作表語的to blame等。 如：1. the text i

11、s difficult to learn. 這篇課文很難學(xué)。(to learn主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)) 2. we found the text difficult to learn.我們覺得這篇課文很難學(xué)。 (to learn主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)) 3. he was to blame for that. 他因此受到了責(zé)備。 (作表語的to blame主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)) need, want和require表示“需要表示”，主語通常是物時(shí)，后面除用不定式的被動(dòng)式外，也可用-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)。 17蒼松優(yōu)選如：there is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditio