常用物理英語單詞

1、常用物理英語單詞英文力學詞匯-（a-b） absolute acceleration 絕對加速度absolute motion 絕對運動absolute velocity 絕對速度accelerated motion 加速運動acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration 加速度accelerometer 加速度計acting force 作用力active force 主動力angle of friction 摩擦角angle of nutation 章動角angle of precession 進動角angle of rotation 自轉(zhuǎn)角angula

2、r acceleration 角加速度angular displacement 角位移angular motion 角向運動angular velocity vector 角速度矢量angular velocity 角速度areal velocity 掠面速度又稱“扇形速度（sector velocity）”arm of couple 力偶臂attraction force 吸引力Atwood machine 阿特伍德機average velocity， mean velocity 平均速度axial acceleration 軸向加速度axial vector 軸矢量ballistic cu

3、rve 彈道ballistic pendulum 彈道擺ballistics 彈道學base point 基點bearing 軸承binormal acceleration 副法向加速度bounce 反彈 英文力學詞匯-（c） center of force 力心center of gravity 重心center of mass 質(zhì)心center of moment 矩心center of parallel force system 平行力系中心center of percussion 撞擊中心center of reduction 簡化中心又稱“約化中心”。center-of-mass s

4、ystem 質(zhì)心參考系central field 有心力場central force 有心力central impact 對心碰撞central principal axis of inertia 中心慣性主軸centrifugal force 離心力centripetal acceleration 向心加速度centripetal force 向心力centrode 瞬心跡Chasles theorem 沙勒定理circular motion 圓周運動coefficient of maximum static friction 最大靜摩擦系數(shù)coefficient of restitutio

5、n 恢復(fù)系數(shù)coefficient of rolling friction 滾動摩擦系數(shù)coefficient of sliding friction 滑動摩擦系數(shù)collision 碰撞component force 分力component velocity 分速度composite motion 復(fù)合運動composition of forces 力的合成composition of velocities 速度的合成compound pendulum 復(fù)擺concentrated force 集中力concurrent force 匯交力conservative force 保守力cons

6、ervative system 保守系constant force 恒力constant of motion 運動常量constraint force 約束力constraint 約束convected acceleration 牽連加速度convected motion 牽連運動convected velocity 牽連速度coplanar force 共面力Coriolis acceleration 科里奧利加速度簡稱“科氏加速度”。Coriolis force 科里奧利力簡稱“科氏力”。Coulomb law of friction 庫侖摩擦定律couple 力偶curvilinear

7、motion 曲線運動英文力學詞匯-（d-e） d''Alembert inertial force 達朗貝爾慣性力d''Alembert principle 達朗貝爾原理density 密度displacement 位移dissipative force 耗散力distributed force 分布力effective potential 有效勢elastic force 彈性力elementary work 元功ellipsoid of inertia 慣量橢球equilibrium condition 平衡條件equilibrium of forces

8、力的平衡equilibrium position 平衡位置equilibrium state 平衡態(tài)equilibrium 平衡equipotential line 等勢線equipotential surface 等勢面equivalent force system 等效力系Euler kinematical equations 歐拉運動學方程Eulerian angle 歐拉角external ballistics 外彈道學external force 外力英文力學詞匯-（f-g） final velocity 末速度finite rotation 有限轉(zhuǎn)動 first cosmic ve

9、locity 第一宇宙速度fixed centrode 定瞬心跡又稱“空間瞬心跡（herpolhode）”fixed reference system 固定參考系fixed vector 固定矢量fixed-axis rotation 定軸轉(zhuǎn)動fixed-point motion 定點運動force 力force field 力場force polygon 力多邊形force screw 力螺旋force triangle 力三角形forces acting at the same point 共點力Foucault pendulum 傅科擺free motion of rigid body

10、剛體自由運動free vector 自由矢量free-body diagram 受力圖描述分離體所受力的圖。friction force 摩擦力funicular polygon 索多邊形Galilean invariance 伽利略不變性Galilean principle of relativity 伽利略相對性原理Galilean transformation 伽利略變換geocentric coordinate system 地心坐標系gravitation 引力gravitational constant 引力常量gravitational field 引力場gravity fiel

11、d 重力場gravity 重力guy cable 拉索gyroscope 陀螺儀英文力學詞匯-（h-i） helical motion 螺旋運動hinged end 鉸接端hodograph 矢端圖impact parameter 碰撞參量imperfect elastic collision 非完全彈性碰撞impulse of compression 壓縮沖量impulse of restitution 恢復(fù)沖量impulse 沖量inertia 慣性inertial reference frame / system 慣性參考系inertial centrifugal force 慣性離心力

12、inertial force 慣性力infinitesimal rotation 無限小轉(zhuǎn)動initial velocity 初速度instantaneous axis of rotation 轉(zhuǎn)動瞬軸instantaneous center of rotation 轉(zhuǎn)動瞬心instantaneous center of acceleration 加速度瞬心instantaneous screw axis 瞬時螺旋軸instantaneous translation 瞬時平移instantaneous velocity 瞬時速度internal force 內(nèi)力intrinsic equati

13、on 內(nèi)稟方程isochronism 等時性isochronous pendulum 等時擺isolated system 孤立系 英文力學詞匯-（j-l） jerk 加加速度journal bearing 頸軸承Kepler law 開普勒定律kinematical equation 運動學方程kinetic energy 動能kinetic friction 動摩擦kineto-statics 動態(tài)靜力學laboratory coordinate system 實驗室坐標系law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律law of conservation of

14、mass 質(zhì)量守恒定律law of conservation of mass 質(zhì)量守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy 機械能守恒定律law of conservation of moment of momentum 動量矩守恒定律law of conservation of momentum 動量守恒定律law of universal gravitation 萬有引力定律limiting velocity 極限速度line of action 作用線 英文力學詞匯-（m-n） many-body problem 多體問題material

15、point，mass point，particle 質(zhì)點mechanical energy 機械能mechanical motion 力學運動又稱“機械運動”mechanical work 機械功Meshcherskii formula 密歇爾斯基公式moment arm of force 力臂moment of area 面矩moment of couple 力偶矩moment of force 力矩moment of inertia 轉(zhuǎn)動慣量moment of momentum 動量矩又稱“角動量（angular momentum）”moment vector of couple 力偶矩矢

16、moment vector 矩矢量momentum 動量motion of rigid-body with a fixed point 剛體定點運動moving centrode 動瞬心跡又稱“本體瞬心跡（polhode）”moving reference system 動參考系Newton first law 牛頓第一定律Newton second law 牛頓第二定律Newton third law 牛頓第三定律normal acceleration 法向加速度null-force system 零力系nutation 章動英文力學詞匯-（o-p） oblique impact 斜碰orb

17、it 軌道overweight 超重parallel axis theorem 平行軸定理parallel forces 平行力parallelogram rule 平行四邊形定則path 路程沿路徑的長度。path，itinerary 路徑pendulum 擺perfect elastic collision 完全彈性碰撞perfect inelastic collision 完全非彈性碰撞perturbation 攝動pitch 俯仰/音調(diào)pivot bearing 樞軸承planar hinge 平面鉸planar motion 平面運動Poinsot motion 潘索運動point

18、of action 作用點polar vector 極矢量position vector 位置矢量簡稱“位矢”potential force 有勢力potential function 勢函數(shù)power 功率precession 進動物理學稱“旋進”。principal axis of inertia 慣量主軸principal moment of inertia 主轉(zhuǎn)動慣量principal moment 主矩principal vector 主矢量principle of removal of constraint 解除約束原理principle of rigidization 剛化原理p

19、roduct of inertia 慣性積projectile motion 拋體運動pseudoregular precession 贗規(guī)則進動pulley 滑輪 英文力學詞匯-（r） radial acceleration 徑向加速度radial velocity 徑向速度radius of gyration 回轉(zhuǎn)半徑radius vector 徑矢又稱“矢徑”reacting force 反作用力reaction at support 支座反力recoil 反沖rectilinear motion 直線運動reduced mass 簡化質(zhì)量又稱“約化質(zhì)量”，為減少自由度而用的折算質(zhì)量。r

20、eduction of force system 力系的簡化又稱“力系的約化”。reference system 參考系regular precession 規(guī)則進動relative acceleration 相對加速度relative motion 相對運動relative velocity 相對速度resolution of force 力的分解resolution of velocity 速度的分解resultant couple 合力偶resultant force 合力resultant velocity 合速度rigid body motion 剛體運動rigid body 剛體r

21、ocket 火箭roll 側(cè)滾roller 滾柱rolling friction 滾動摩擦rotation around a fixed point 定點轉(zhuǎn)動rotation 轉(zhuǎn)動英文力學詞匯-（s） second cosmic velocity 第二宇宙速度simple pendulum 單擺sliding friction 滑動摩擦sliding vector 滑移矢量specific gravity，specific weight 比重speed 速率spherical hinge 球鉸spherical pendulum 球面擺static friction 靜摩擦statically

22、 determinate 靜定statically indeterminate 超靜定suspended cable 懸索system of couples 力偶系system of forces 力系system of particles 質(zhì)點系英文力學詞匯-（t） tangential acceleration 切向加速度tensile force 拉力tension 拉伸/張力terminal velocity 終極速度theorem of kinetic energy 動能定理theorem of moment of momentum 動量矩定理theorem of momentum

23、動量定理third cosmic velocity 第三宇宙速度three-body problem 三體問題top 陀螺torque 轉(zhuǎn)矩trajectory 軌跡translation 平移transmissibility of force 力的可傳性transverse acceleration 橫向加速度transverse velocity 橫向速度two-body problem 二體問題英文力學詞匯-（u-w） uniform motion 勻速運動variable-mass dynamics 變質(zhì)量動力學variable-mass system 變質(zhì)量系Varignon the

24、orem 伐里農(nóng)定理velocity of escape 逃逸速度velocity 速度weightlessness 失重 work 功 物理常用英語詞匯（A） a.c. generator交流發(fā)電機aberration光行差，像差absolute index of refraction絕對折射率absolute refractive index絕對折射率absolute temperature scale絕對溫標absolute zero絕對零度absorber吸收體absorbing power吸收能力，吸收本領(lǐng)absorptance吸收比absorption吸收absorption co

25、efficient吸收系數(shù)absorption line吸收譜線 absorption spectrum吸收光譜，吸收譜accelerate加速acceleration加速度acceleration due to gravity重力加速度acceleration-time graph加速度時間關(guān)系線圖accelerator加速器acceptor接受體acceptor doping受體摻雜acceptor impurity受體雜質(zhì)accommodation調(diào)節(jié)，視覺調(diào)節(jié)accumulator蓄電池accuracy準確度acetate strip醋酸酯條片achromatic消色差的achroma

26、tic aberration消色差achromatic condenser消色差聚光透鏡achromatic light消色差光，白光acoustic blur聲響模糊acoustic board吸音板，吸聲板acoustic navigation聲響導(dǎo)航acoustic pressure聲壓acoustics聲學act on施于action作用量，作用，作用力action of point尖端作用activation激活，活化activation energy激活能，活化能active nucleus活性核，放射性核activity放射強度，放射性adapter接合器adder加法器adhe

27、sion附著力，附著，黏附adhesive force附著力adiabatic絕熱的adiabatic expansion絕熱膨脹adiabatic process絕熱過程aerial天線 aerial induction天線調(diào)諧電感aerial network天線網(wǎng)絡(luò)aerodynamic force氣動力，空氣動力aerodynamics氣體動力學，空氣動力學aerofoil機翼agent劑air blower吹風器air column空氣柱，氣柱air cushion氣墊air damping空氣阻尼air film氣膜air track氣墊導(dǎo)航air wedge氣楔alignment對

28、準，校整alpha decay衰變alpha particle粒子alpha particle scattering analogue粒子放射模擬alternating current交流電alternating voltage交變電壓，交流電壓alternator交流發(fā)電機altimeter高度計，測高儀americiumammeter安培計amorphous非結(jié)晶的，無定形的ampere安培，安ampere-hour安培小時，安時amplification放大，放大率amplifier放大器amplify放大amplitude振幅amplitude modulation調(diào)幅，振幅調(diào)劑amy

29、l acetate醋酸戊酯anaemia貧血analogue模擬analogue experiment模擬實驗analogue signal仿真訊號，非數(shù)字訊號analogue-to-digital conversion模擬轉(zhuǎn)換analyser檢偏振器AND gate與門anemometer風速計aneroid barometer無液氣壓計，空盒氣壓計angle of contact接觸角angle of deviation偏向角angle of diffraction衍射角，繞射角angle of dip傾角angle of elevation仰角angle of emergence出射角a

30、ngle of incidence入射角angle of inclination傾角angle of minimum deviation最小偏向角angle of projection投射角angle of reflection反射角angle of refraction折射角angle of twist扭轉(zhuǎn)角angstrom埃angular acceleration角加速度angular aperture孔徑張角angular displacement角位移angular frequency角頻率angular impulse角沖量angular magnification角度放大，角放大率

31、angular momentum角動量，動量矩angular motion角向運動，角運動angular seed角速率angular velocity角速度angular width角寬度annealing退火，韌化anode陽極，正極anomalous expansion反常膨脹antenna天線 anticlockwise moment逆時針力矩antifreeze防凍劑antinodal line腹線 antinode波腹antiparticle反粒子antiphase反相，逆相aperture孔徑，口徑，孔apparent depth視深apparent expansion表觀膨脹，

32、視膨脹apparent frequency表觀頻率，視頻率apparent loss in weight表觀失重apparent weight表觀重量Appleton layer阿普頓層，F(xiàn)電離層aqueous layer水層Archimedes'' principle阿基米得原理area面積argon氬armature電樞artificial disintegration人工蛻變artificial radioactivity人工放射astable非穩(wěn)態(tài)的astable circuit非穩(wěn)態(tài)電路astable multivibrator非態(tài)多諧振蕩器astigmatism像散

33、，散光astronomical telescope天文望遠鏡at infinity在無窮遠處at rest靜止atmosphere大氣，大氣層，大氣壓atmospheric pressure大氣壓強atom原子atomic bomb原子彈atomic bond原子鍵atomic density原子密度atomic diameter原子直徑atomic energy原子能atomic mass原子質(zhì)量atomic mass unit原子質(zhì)量單位atomic model原子模型atomic nucleus原子核atomic number原子序數(shù)atomic radius原子半徑atomic sep

34、aration原子間距atomic spacing原子間距atomic structure原子結(jié)構(gòu)atomic theory原子論atomizer噴霧器attenuation衰減attraction吸引attractive force吸力audible frequency range聽頻范圍audible signal可聽訊號audio frequency聲頻autofocus自動聚焦，自動對焦avalanche電子雪崩average acceleration平均加速度average power平均功率average speed平均速率average velocity平均速度Avogadro

35、constant阿佛加德羅常數(shù)，阿佛加德羅常量Avogadro number阿佛加德羅數(shù)Avogadro''s law阿佛加德羅定律axial軸向的，沿軸的axial field軸向場axial search coil軸向探察線圖axis軸axis of rotation轉(zhuǎn)軸 物理英語詞匯（B） back e.m.f.反電動勢background radiation本底輻射Bainbridge mass spectrometer班布里奇質(zhì)譜儀balance天平，秤，平衡balance arm秤桿，平衡臂balance point平衡點balance bridge平衡電橋bala

36、nced force平衡力ball bearing球軸承，滾珠軸承ballistic galvanometer沖擊電流計，沖擊檢流計ballistic pendulum沖擊擺Balmer series巴耳末系，巴耳末光譜band spectrum帶狀光譜，帶狀譜bandwidth帶寬bar code條形碼bar magnet磁棒bare wire裸線 barium鋇barometer氣壓計barrier障礙物barrier layer阻檔層，耗盡層barrier potential difference阻檔層電勢差，阻檔層電位差Barton''s pendulums巴爾通擺ba

37、se基極base current基極電流battery電池組battery charger電池充電器battery holder電池座beaker燒杯beam splitter分束器，射束分離器beat拍beat frequency拍頻becquerel貝克勒耳，貝克bel貝爾，貝bell jar鐘形罩bench mat實驗臺墊Bernoulli''s theorem伯努利定律beryllium鈹beta decay衰變beta particle粒子biasing circuit偏壓電路biasing voltage偏壓biconcave lens雙凹透鏡biconvex le

38、ns雙凸透鏡bicycle dynamo自行車發(fā)電機，腳踏車發(fā)電機bifilar pendulum雙線擺bifocal lens雙焦距透鏡big bang model大爆炸模型bimetallic strip雙層金屬片，雙金屬片binary adder二進加法器binary system二進制binding結(jié)合binding energy結(jié)合能binoculars雙筒望遠鏡Biot-Savart law畢奧薩伐爾定律bipolar雙極的birefraction雙折射bistable雙穩(wěn)態(tài)的，雙穩(wěn)器bistable circuit雙穩(wěn)電路bistable multivibrator雙穩(wěn)態(tài)多諧振蕩

39、器bit二進制制，位black body radiation黑體輻射block and tackle滑輪組block diagram方框圖blocking capacitor隔直流電器容blooming敷霜，表面加膜Bohr atom玻爾原子Bohr radius玻爾半徑Bohr theory玻爾理論boil沸騰，煮沸boiler鍋爐boiling point沸點bolometer輻射熱計Boltzmann constant玻耳茲曼常數(shù)，玻耳茲曼常量bombardment轟擊bond energy鍵能bonding鍵合Bourdon gauge布爾登氣壓計bow wave弓形波，舷波Boyle

40、''s law博伊爾定律Brackett series布喇開系，布喇開光譜Bragg angle布喇格角Bragg diffraction布喇格衍射，布喇格繞射Bragg plane布喇格平面Bragg''s law布喇格定律brake制動器breakdown potential擊穿電勢，擊穿電位breaking point斷點breaking strength抗斷強度breaking stress致斷應(yīng)力breeder reactor增殖反應(yīng)堆bremsstrahlung軔致輻射Brewster''s law布魯斯特定律bridge circu

41、it橋式電路bridge rectifier橋式整流器bright fringe亮紋brightness亮度brittle脆的，易碎的bromine溴Brownian movement布朗運動brush電刷bubble chamber氣泡室bubble raft model泡筏模型buffer緩沖器buffer circuit緩沖電路bulk modulus體積彈性模量Bunsen burner本生燈buoyancy浮力burette滴定管burette stand滴定管架burglar alarm防盜警報器，防盜警鐘buzzer蜂鳴器by-pass旁路byte二進制組，字節(jié) 物理英文詞匯（C

42、） cable電纜cadmium sulphide硫化鎘caesium銫calcite方解石calibrate校準，標上刻度calipers測徑器，卡鉗calorie卡路里，卡calorimeter量熱器camera照相機cancer cell癌細胞candela坎德拉cantilever懸臂capacitance電容capacitance substitution box換值電容箱capacitive circuit電容電路capacitive component電容性分量capacitive coupling電容耦合capacitive discharge電容性放電capacitive r

43、eactance容抗capacitor電容器capacitor-input filter電容輸入濾波器capacity容量，載量capillarity毛細現(xiàn)象，毛細作用capillary depression毛細下降capillary rise毛細上升capillary tube毛細管capsule囊capture俘獲carbon碳carbon granule碳顆粒carbon paper disc圓形碳紙carbon-14 dating碳14年代測定法carburettor化油器，汽化器carrier wave載波carry進位castor oil蓖麻油cataract白內(nèi)障cathode陰

44、極，負極cathode ray陰極射線 cathode ray deflection tube陰極射線偏轉(zhuǎn)管cathode-ray oscilloscope陰極射線示波器，示波器cathode-ray tube陰極射線管cavity resonator空腔共振器celestial telescope天體望遠鏡cell電池，細胞Celsius temperature scale攝氏溫標centimetre厘米centralized low voltage power supply unit中央控制低壓電源箱centre of curvature曲率中心centre of gravity重心cen

45、tre of mass質(zhì)心centre of oscillation振蕩中心centre-tapped transformer中心抽頭變壓器centrifugal force離心力centrifuge離心機centripetal acceleration向心加速度centripetal force向心力Chadwick查德威克chain reaction連鎖反應(yīng)change of state物態(tài)變化change-over switch換向開關(guān)characteristic特性，特征characteristic curve特性曲線 characteristic line特征線，特征譜charact

46、eristic spectrum特征光譜，特征譜charge電荷，充電，起電charge carrier載荷子charge conservation電荷守恒charge density電荷密度charge distribution電荷分布charge to mass ratio荷質(zhì)比charged particle帶電粒子charging by contact接觸起電charging by friction摩擦生電charging by induction感應(yīng)起電charging by sharing授受起電charging time constant充電時間常數(shù)，充電時間常量Charles&

47、#39;'s law查理定律choke扼流，抗流，扼流圈，抗流圈choke circuit扼流電路，抗流電路chromatic aberration色差chromatic dispersion色散cinefilm soundtrack電影膠片聲跡circle of least confusion最少模糊圈，明晰圈circuit電路circuit board電路板circuit breaker斷路器circuit symbol電路符號circular coil環(huán)形線圈circular motion圓周運動circular orbit圓周軌道circular pulse圓形脈沖circul

48、ar wave圓形波circular wavefront圓形波陣面，圓形波前clamp夾鉗，夾緊clap-echo method拍掌回聲法cleave裂開clinical thermometer體溫計clip夾子clockwise moment順時針力矩closed circuit閉合電路closed pipe閉管closed tube閉管closed-loop control system死循環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)closed-loop gain死循環(huán)增益closed-loop voltage gain死循環(huán)電壓增益closely packed密堆積的cloud chamber云室cloud chamb

49、er track云室徑跡coaxial共軸，同軸coaxial cable同軸電纜，同軸cobalt鈷code編碼coder編碼器coefficient of dynamic friction動摩擦系數(shù)coefficient of friction摩擦系數(shù)coefficient of restitution恢復(fù)系數(shù)coefficient of static friction靜摩擦系數(shù)coefficient of viscosity黏滯系數(shù)coherent相干的cohesion內(nèi)聚力，內(nèi)聚cohesive force內(nèi)聚力coil線圈collector集電極，集極collector curren

50、t集電極電流，集極電流collimator準直管，準直儀collision碰撞colour顏色colour code色碼，色標combinational logic組合邏輯common emitter共發(fā)射極common-mode voltage共模電壓commutator換向器compass指南針，羅盤complete circuit完整電路component組件，分量，組分component of force分力compound microscope復(fù)式顯微鏡compound pendulum復(fù)擺compressed gas壓縮氣體compressibility可壓縮性，壓縮系數(shù)，壓縮率c

51、ompressible fluid可壓縮性流體compression密部，壓縮compression spring balance壓縮彈簧天平concave凹concave lens凹透鏡concave mirror凹鏡，凹面鏡concentric capacitor同心電容器condensation凝結(jié)，凝聚condensation nucleus凝結(jié)核，凝聚核condensation point凝點，凝結(jié)點condenser聚光器，電容器，冷凝器conductance電導(dǎo)conductivity傳導(dǎo)性，傳導(dǎo)率conductor導(dǎo)體conical pendulum錐擺conjugate fo

52、ci共軛焦點conservation of angular momentum角動量守恒conversation of charge電荷守恒conservation of energy能量守恒conservation of mechanical energy機械能守恒conservation of momentum動量守恒conservative force守恒力，保守力conserved守恒constant acceleration恒加速度constant angular acceleration恒角加速度constant angular velocity恒角速度constant force恒力constant motion恒速運動constant pressure定壓constant speed恒速率constant temperature定溫constant velocity恒速度constant volume定容constant volume gas thermometer定容氣體溫度計constantan康銅constriction頸縮constructive interference相長干涉contact angle接觸角contact area接觸面積contact force接觸力 continuity