2021版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)核心素養(yǎng)測評四必修1Unit4Earthquakes含解析新人教版

1、核心素養(yǎng)測評 四必修1 unit 4earthquakes(限時35分鐘). 閱讀理解awith the undeniable increase in greenhouse emissions on earth, there can be no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer, and scientific studies have proven that if we carry on living the way we do, then global temperatures will rise even more. so what exact

2、ly does this mean for the future of our planet? global warming will in fact cause extreme weather conditions, meaning that our winters would be even colder than they are now. more than that, warmer temperatures will lead to the melting of ice in the north and south poles, which in turn will lead to

3、rising sea levels across the globe. this is particularly troubling for low coastal regions and some island countries. in 1 000 years or so, all these places will be flooded underwater. so where will we be able to live? unless we can find a way to evolve into mermaids and mermen, which doesnt look pr

4、omising, the only solution is to move elsewhere. there will be little choice left once a large proportion of the land is lost to the sea, and other remaining places will be so hot that it will be absolutely impossible for us to survive. countries that we consider to be hot these days will be even mo

5、re so if temperatures increase by 5, 10, even 15 degrees. it is possible, then, that the once frozen poles of the arctic and antarctica will be suitable enough to live in, having melted its ice and warmed up. its scary to think of our descendents(后代) struggling to survive in a virtually uninhabitabl

6、e world. perhaps if people start to realize how their actions now can have such an impact on future generations, they will change their attitude and start to think more about caring for the environment. if not, well be living in a world underwater and will need to think of a way to turn ourselves in

7、to mermaids!【文章大意】如果不改變我們現(xiàn)在的生活方式, 地球溫度將繼續(xù)上升, 導(dǎo)致海水上漲, 低海拔地區(qū)將被淹沒, 其他地區(qū)也將熱得無法生存, 人們不得不進化成“美人魚”!1. what about our planet in 1 000 years according to the text? a. there will be more water. b. winter will become mild. c. low-lying islands will disappear. d. sea levels will rise in the polar regions. 【解析】選

8、c。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知, 如果氣溫繼續(xù)上升, 大約1 000年后, 低海拔的沿海地區(qū)將被水淹沒。故選c。2. what can be inferred from paragraph 3?a. hot places today will become colder. b. humans might evolve into mermaids. c. fewer places will be suitable to live. d. the earth will be totally covered by water. 【解析】選c。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知, 氣候持續(xù)變暖會導(dǎo)

9、致海平面上升, 淹沒大部分地區(qū), 適合人們居住的空間越來越小。c選項符合題意。3. what does the author appeal to people to do? a. care for the environment. b. learn to live like a mermaid. c. take good care of our children. d. struggle for our survival. 【解析】選a。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“they will change their attitude and start to think more about car

10、ing for the environment”可知, 作者寫這篇文章主要想讓人們改變態(tài)度, 多考慮關(guān)心環(huán)境。a選項符合題意。4. which word can describe the authors attitude towards global warming? a. optimistic. b. worried. c. terrified. d. unconcerned. 【解析】選b。觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容以及最后一段中“its scary to think of our descendents struggling to survive in a virtually uninha

11、bitable world. ”可知, 作者對目前的氣候變化給人類帶來的災(zāi)難感到憂慮。故選b。scary作形容詞, 意為“使人驚慌的”?！局R拓展】佳詞積累1. temperature n. 溫度;氣溫2. extreme adj. 極端的3. melt v. 融化4. particularly adv. 尤其;特別地5. absolutely adv. 絕對地;完全地6. generation n. 一代;一代人7. impact n. &v. 影響 b (2020·烏魯木齊模擬)artificial intelligence (ai) technology may soo

12、n be a useful tool for doctors. it may help them better understand and treat diseases like breast cancer in ways that were never before possible. rishi rawat teaches ai at the university of southern californias (usc) clinical science center in los angeles. he is part of a team of scientists who are

13、researching how ai and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the breast. rawat provides information about cancer cells for a computer. he says this data helps the machine learn. “you can put the data into computers and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognitio

14、n is important to making decisions. ”david agus is another usc researcher. he says machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain cant recognize by itself. once a confirmed ca

15、ncerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. the form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. ”currently, researchers take a thin piece of tissue, put it on a small piece of glass and add color to better see the cells. that process co

16、uld take days or even longer. scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized. the hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identific

17、ation of cancer that is free of human mistakes. “all of a sudden, we have the computing power to really do it in real time. we couldnt have done this, we didnt have the computing power to do this several years ago, but now its all changed. ” agus adds that the process could be done for almost no cos

18、t in the developing world. he says that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine. the university of southern california researchers are now only studying breast cancer. but doctors predict artificial intelligence will one da

19、y make a difference in all forms of cancer. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文章。文章介紹人工智能, 并解釋了它在治療癌癥中的作用, 希望機器很快就能快速識別出沒有人類錯誤的癌癥。5. in rishi rawats research, _.  a. the data put into computers contributes to cancer recognitionb. many cancers are being studied at the momentc. machine learning has replaced doctors w

20、orkd. the focus is on the cure for cancer【解析】選a。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中rawat provides information about cancer cells for a computer. he says this data helps the machine learn. “you can put the data into computers and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition is important to making decisions. ”可知

21、, 在rishi rawat的研究中, 輸入電腦的數(shù)據(jù)有助于對癌癥的識別。故選a。6. what is the purpose of david aguss words in paragraph 3 ?a. to provide some advice for doctors. b. to introduce the development of cancer. c. to appeal to scientists to research into cancer. d. to explain the function of ai in treating cancer. 【解析】選d。推理判斷題

22、。根據(jù)第四段中scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized. “科學(xué)家們表示, 人工智能可以做的不僅僅是計數(shù)細(xì)胞。通過機器學(xué)習(xí), 它可以識別復(fù)雜的模式或結(jié)構(gòu), 并了解細(xì)胞是如何組織的。”可知, 在第三段david agus所說的話是用來解釋人工智

23、能在治療癌癥中的作用的。故選d。7. what can we infer from the text?a. ai can make decisions for doctors. b. developing countries might be lack of funds. c. ai will hopefully make an accurate identification of cancer. d. computing power has long helped with the identification of cancer. 【解析】選c。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中the hope i

24、s that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. “希望機器很快就能快速識別出沒有人類錯誤的癌癥。”可知, c項正確。8. what is the authors attitude towards ai used in treating cancer?a. positive. b. indifferent. c. doubtful. d. negative. 【解析】選a。觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段the university of

25、southern california researchers are now only studying breast cancer. but doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer. “南加州大學(xué)的研究人員目前只研究乳腺癌。但醫(yī)生預(yù)測, 人工智能終有一天會在所有癌癥中發(fā)揮作用?！笨芍? 作者對人工智能治療癌癥的態(tài)度是“積極的, 肯定的”。故選a?！局R拓展】長難句分析(para. 3)computers will not treat patie

26、nts, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain cant recognize by itself. 分析: 這是一個由but連接的并列句;that引導(dǎo)定語從句, 修飾先行詞things。翻譯: 計算機不會治療病人, 但它們會協(xié)助做出某些判斷, 并尋找人類大腦無法自己識別的東西。. 完形填空on the snowy morning of january 28, i only planned to take my garbage out before heading st

27、raight back inside. however, while taking the garbage out to the1 along the road, my four-year-old black labrador, midnight, started acting strangely. her ears perked up (豎起)2 me. i had never seen her make that expression.  i felt something might be 3, so i let midnight lead the way and followe

28、d her over to my 4 neighbors house. when we got to a spot on the other side of the home, we 5 87-year-old noreen lying in the 6. i figured she had been out there at least one and a half hours. hurriedly, i 7 her up and brought her into my home.  once inside, my wife and i made sure she wasnt se

29、riously injured and 8 she didnt have frostbite (凍傷). however, her hands were already 9 so we helped her warm up and gave her dry clothes. later noreen explained to me she had gone out earlier that 10 to fill her bird feeder before the temperature dropped even further the following day but she was 11

30、in the snow after taking a 12 and hadnt been able to get up on her own.  noreen is now much better but knows how 13 she came to losing her life. she was grateful. “midnight is without doubt the reason i am still 14 today, ” said noreen.  without midnight i would never have seen noreen lyin

31、g on the ground. weve been very 15 of her because its not every dog that pays attention to things like this.  【文章大意】本文是記敘文。文章敘述了在一個極度寒冷的早晨, 一只拉布拉多犬的異常行為, 引起了主人的關(guān)注, 跟隨他的狗, 他發(fā)現(xiàn)87歲的鄰居倒在雪地上危在旦夕。他立刻對老人進行救助, 最后老人脫離危險。1. a. carb. mailboxc. dustbind. court【解析】選c。根據(jù)上下文以及常識, 作者把垃圾拿出去放入外面路邊的垃圾箱里(dustbin)。

32、car“車”;mailbox“郵箱”;court“網(wǎng)球場”。2. a. looking atb. walking besidec. looking afterd. listening to【解析】選a。根據(jù)第一段最后一個單詞expression“表情”, 可以推斷出來, 作者的狗豎著耳朵看著(looking at)他, 表情不尋常。walking beside“走在旁邊”;looking after“照看”;listening to“聽著”。3. a. uniqueb. specialc. wrongd. sharp【解析】選c。根據(jù)上文他的狗的異樣行為和表情, 作者感覺到出了什么事情。som

33、ething is wrong“出了什么事情”;unique“獨特的”;special“特殊的”;sharp“鋒利的”。4. a. elderlyb. formerc. youngd. sick【解析】選a。根據(jù)下文87-year-old noreen, 可以知道是上了年紀(jì)的(elderly)鄰居。former“以前的”;young“年輕的”;sick“有病的”。5. a. foundb. rememberedc. recognizedd. knew【解析】選a。根據(jù)上下文, 作者發(fā)現(xiàn)(found)87歲的鄰居正躺在雪地里。6. a. waterb. snowc. fieldd. wind【解

34、析】選b。根據(jù)文章開頭提到的snowy morning以及后面in the snow, 得知這里老鄰居是躺在雪地里。7. a. putb. liftedc. tookd. woke【解析】選b。當(dāng)作者意識到老人躺在雪地里至少一個半小時時, 立刻把她抬起來(lifted up)并帶回家。put up “建起”, took up“從事、拿起、占據(jù)”;woke up“喚醒”。8. a. understoodb. checkedc. promisedd. predicted【解析】選b。根據(jù)上下文, 作者和妻子檢查(checked)一下看看老人是否有凍傷。understood“理解”;promised

35、“承諾”;predicted“預(yù)測”。9. a. blackb. whitec. blued. pink【解析】選c。根據(jù)上下文及常識, 她的手已經(jīng)凍得發(fā)青(blue)了。10. a. morningb. afternoonc. eveningd. night【解析】選a。文章一開始就交代on the snowy morning of january 28, 所以這里選擇morning。11. a. strugglingb. sleepingc. expectingd. surviving【解析】選a。根據(jù)上下文推斷, 老人在雪地里摔倒了之后, 在雪地里掙扎(struggling), 試圖站起

36、來, 但是沒有成功。其他不符合語境: sleeping“睡覺”;expecting“期待”;surviving“生存”。12. a. breakb. fallc. breathd. step【解析】選b。根據(jù)上下文推斷出來, 老人是在雪地里摔倒了, 爬不起來。take a fall“摔了一跤”;take a break“休息一下”;take a breath “喘口氣”;take a step“采取措施; 邁出一步”。13. a. narrowb. painfulc. closed. hopeless【解析】選c。noreen現(xiàn)在好多了, 但她知道自己差點丟了性命。be close to do

37、ing “接近”, 固定搭配。narrow“狹窄的”;painful“痛苦的”;hopeless“沒有希望的”。14. a. deadb. luckyc. freed. alive【解析】選d。根據(jù)上下文可知: 鄰居noreen說, 她能活著(alive)多虧了midnight。15. a. afraidb. awarec. ashamedd. proud【解析】選d。根據(jù)上下文, 作者為自己的狗救人的事跡感到自豪(proud)。be proud of “為而自豪”;be afraid of“害怕”;be aware of “意識到”;be ashamed of “為而羞愧”。. 語法填空閱讀

38、下面短文, 在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。we can live for weeks without food, days without water, but only a few minutes without air. the quality of the air we breathe is 1. _(extreme)important for overall health and wellbeing. air pollution is a major cause of death 2. _ illness in the world. while there are several natural sources of air pollution, human activities, among 3. _ industry, heating and transport are the most severe, have made a significant contribution 4. _ air pollution over centuries, particularly after the beginning of the industrial revolution in the late 1700s. nowadays, o