數(shù)據(jù)分析方法與技術(shù)- 實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告模板

1、數(shù)據(jù)分析方法與技術(shù)上機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)1描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)方法學(xué)號(hào)： 姓名： 日期： 實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目（一）：描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)方法一、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容1實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康恼莆粘Ｓ玫拿枋鲂詧D表展示方法的原理及操作，包括：頻數(shù)分布表、分組頻數(shù)表、列聯(lián)表、莖葉圖、箱線圖、誤差圖、散點(diǎn)圖等；掌握常用的描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的原理及操作，包括：算術(shù)平均值、中位數(shù)、眾數(shù)、四分位數(shù)、極差、平均差、方差、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分?jǐn)?shù)、離散系數(shù)等。2. 實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容和要求實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容：基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)集，屬性描述性圖表展示方法（數(shù)分布表、分組頻數(shù)表、列聯(lián)表、莖葉圖、箱線圖、誤差圖、散點(diǎn)圖等），對(duì)統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)（算術(shù)平均值、中位數(shù)、眾數(shù)、極差、平均差、方差、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分?jǐn)?shù)、離散系數(shù)、偏態(tài)峰態(tài)）進(jìn)

2、行計(jì)算。 實(shí)驗(yàn)要求：掌握各種描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)的計(jì)算思路及其在SPSS或EXCEL環(huán)境下的操作方法，掌握輸出結(jié)果的解釋。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)過程1、數(shù)據(jù)集介紹1.數(shù)據(jù)庫標(biāo)題:鮑魚數(shù)據(jù)2.該數(shù)據(jù)庫共計(jì)4177行數(shù)據(jù)3.該數(shù)據(jù)有八個(gè)屬性（包含性別共有九項(xiàng)）4.以下是關(guān)于屬性的描述，包括屬性的名稱，數(shù)據(jù)類型，測(cè)量單元和一個(gè)簡短的描述：Name Data Type Meas. Description- - - -Sex nominal M, F, and I (infant)鮑魚寶寶Length continuous mm Longest shell measurement最長殼Diameter continuous

3、 mm perpendicular to length垂直長度Height continuous mm with meat in shell有肉的殼高度Whole weight continuous grams whole abalone整個(gè)鮑魚Shucked weight continuous grams weight of meat肉的重量Viscera weight continuous grams gut weight (after bleeding)放血后內(nèi)臟重 Shell weight continuous grams after being dried弄干后重量Rings int

4、eger +1.5 gives the age in years +1.5=年齡5.數(shù)據(jù)的值域 Length Diam Height Whole Shucked Viscera Shell RingsMin 0.075 0.055 0.000 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 1Max 0.815 0.650 1.130 2.826 1.488 0.760 1.005 29Mean平均值0.524 0.408 0.140 0.829 0.359 0.181 0.239 9.934SD標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差 0.120 0.099 0.042 0.490 0.222 0.110 0.139 3.

5、224Correl相關(guān)性0.557 0.575 0.557 0.540 0.421 0.504 0.628 1.06. 無缺省值因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)過多不宜展示，所以僅在上面展示各項(xiàng)描述。原數(shù)據(jù)添加分組數(shù)據(jù)后的數(shù)據(jù)2、圖表展示（1）定性數(shù)據(jù)a.頻數(shù)分布表Sex頻率百分比有效百分比累積百分比有效F130731.331.331.3I134232.132.163.4M152836.636.6100.0合計(jì)4177100.0100.0 b.餅狀圖 生成一個(gè)餅圖，可以直觀的看出F,I和M各個(gè)類別所占全部頻數(shù)的比例。從上圖可知，M最多，I次之，F(xiàn)最少，但三種性別差距不大。c.條形圖(2) 定量數(shù)據(jù)a分組頻數(shù)表長度分組

6、頻率百分比有效百分比累積百分比有效0.0750.1497.2.2.20.1490.223601.41.41.60.2230.2971473.53.55.10.2970.3713047.37.312.40.3710.44548911.711.724.10.4450.51974917.917.942.00.5190.593105125.225.267.20.5930.667101724.324.391.50.6670.7413247.87.899.30.7140.81529.7.7100.0合計(jì)4177100.0100.0將Length進(jìn)行分組，最大值為0.815，最小值為0.075，等距分10小

7、組，組距為0.074，每組頻數(shù)如上表。b.列聯(lián)表Sex* Length分組 交叉制表Length分組合計(jì)0.0750.1490.1490.2230.2230.2970.2970.3710.3710.4450.4450.5190.5190.5930.5930.6670.6670.7410.7410.815SexF計(jì)數(shù)0032175198364469165121307期望的計(jì)數(shù)2.218.846.095.1153.0234.4328.9318.2101.49.11307.0I計(jì)數(shù)75012022132431025057301342期望的計(jì)數(shù)2.219.347.297.7157.1240.6337.

8、7326.7104.19.31342.0M計(jì)數(shù)010246290241437491156171528期望的計(jì)數(shù)2.621.953.8111.2178.9274.0384.5372.0118.510.61528.0合計(jì)計(jì)數(shù)76014730448974910511017324294177期望的計(jì)數(shù)7.060.0147.0304.0489.0749.01051.01017.0324.029.04177.0Sex和Length分組的交叉表，由于原Length數(shù)據(jù)過多，且Length數(shù)據(jù)為定量數(shù)據(jù)，所以將Length進(jìn)行分組，轉(zhuǎn)化為定型數(shù)據(jù)。從該交叉表可以看出Sex為M的Length要略大于Sex的其他

9、類別的Length；Sex為F的Length數(shù)據(jù)主要集中在0.2970.741，Sex為I的Length數(shù)據(jù)主要集中在0.1490.667，Sex為M的Length數(shù)據(jù)主要集中在0.2230.741，說明Sex與Length存在影響因素，Sex為I的Length偏小的數(shù)目較多；Length大都集中在0.2970.741.c.直方圖d.莖葉圖Diameter Stem-and-Leaf Plot Frequency Stem & Leaf 59.00 Extremes (=<.15) 4.00 1 . 5 27.00 1 . 6677777 43.00 1 . 8888999999

10、 71.00 2 . 000000000111111111 72.00 2 . 22222222333333333 86.00 2 . 444444445555555555555 137.00 2 . 6666666666666666777777777777777777 122.00 2 . 888888888888888899999999999999 150.00 3 . 0000000000000000000011111111111111111 171.00 3 . 2222222222222222222222233333333333333333333 245.00 3 . 4444444

11、444444444444444455555555555555555555555555555555555555 241.00 3 . 666666666666666666666666667777777777777777777777777777777777 255.00 3 . 8888888888888888888888888888888888899999999999999999999999999999 306.00 4 . 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111111111111111111111111111 312.00 4

12、. 222222222222222222222222222222222222222223333333333333333333333333333333333333 374.00 4 . 444444444444444444444444444444444444555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 390.00 4 . 6666666666666666666666666666666666666666667777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 323.0

13、0 4 . 88888888888888888888888888888888888888888889999999999999999999999999999999999999 319.00 5 . 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111111111111111111111111111111 203.00 5 . 22222222222222222222222222222222233333333333333333 124.00 5 . 4444444444444445555555555555555 93.00 5 . 6666666

14、6666677777777777 31.00 5 . 8888899 13.00 6 . 000& 5.00 6 . 3& 1.00 6 . & Stem width: .100 Each leaf: 4 case(s) & denotes fractional leaves.可以發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)主要集中在中間偏大值的部分。e.箱線圖f.誤差圖g.散點(diǎn)圖1)畫出簡單散點(diǎn)圖:Length和Diameter分別為橫、縱變量，通過對(duì)這四千多條數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擬合，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者之間呈現(xiàn)線性關(guān)系，故擬合為上述直線。2)畫出重疊散點(diǎn)圖：藍(lán)色部分Length和Diameter分別為橫、縱坐標(biāo)

15、，Height和Whole_weight分別為橫、縱坐標(biāo),通過大量的散點(diǎn)擬合，Length和Diameter近似于線性關(guān)系，Height和Whole_weight呈現(xiàn)三次函數(shù)關(guān)系。3)畫出矩陣散點(diǎn)圖：可以發(fā)現(xiàn)三個(gè)變量之間兩兩近似為線性關(guān)系。3、描述統(tǒng)計(jì)量算術(shù)平均值、中位數(shù)、眾數(shù)、四分位數(shù)、極差、平均差、方差、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分?jǐn)?shù)、離散系數(shù)，繪制表如下：描述統(tǒng)計(jì)量N全距極小值極大值和均值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差方差偏度峰度統(tǒng)計(jì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤統(tǒng)計(jì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤統(tǒng)計(jì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤Length4177.740.075.8152188.715.52399.001858.120093.014-.640.

16、038.065.076Diameter4177.595.055.6501703.720.40788.001536.099240.010-.609.038-.045.076Height41771.130.0001.130582.760.13952.000647.041827.0023.129.03876.026.076Whole_weight41772.824.0022.8263461.656.82874.007588.490389.240.531.038-.024.076Shucked_weight41771.4870.00101.48801501.8535.359553.0034377.22

17、21743.049.720.038.596.076Viscera_weight4177.760.000.760754.339.18059.001696.109614.012.592.038.084.076Shell_weight41771.00.001.01997.60.2388.00215.13920.019.621.038.532.076Rings417728129414939.93.0503.22410.3951.114.0382.331.076有效的 N （列表狀態(tài)）4177統(tǒng)計(jì)量LengthDiameterHeightWhole_weightShucked_weightViscera

18、_weightShell_weightRingsSexN有效417741774177417741774177417741774178缺失111111110均值.52399.40788.13952.82874.359553.18059.23889.93均值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤.001858.001536.000647.007588.0034377.001696.00215.050中值.54500.42500.14000.79950.336000.17100.23409.00眾數(shù).550a.450.150.223.1750.172.289標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差.120093.099240.041827.490389.2221743.109614.139203.224方差.014.010.002.240.049.012.01910.395偏度-.640-.6093.129.531.720.592.6211.114偏度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤.038.038.038.038.038.038.038.038峰度.065-.04576.026-.024.596.084.5322.331峰度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤.076.076.076.076.076.076.076.076全距.740.5951.1302.8241.4870.7601.0