Calculate the national saving and investment

1、Calculate the national saving and investment GDP is both total income in an economy and total expenditure on the economys output of goods and services. (GDP 既是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的總收入，又是用于經(jīng)濟(jì)中物品與勞務(wù)產(chǎn)出的總支出。）Y(GDP)= C (consumption) + I (investment) + G (government purchases) + NX (net exports)1Closed economy(封閉經(jīng)濟(jì)） is o

2、ne that does not interact with other economies.Y = C + I + G + NXNX=0Y = C + I + GOpen economy（開放經(jīng)濟(jì)） that is , they interact with other economies around the world.2Y - C - G = IY = C + I + GNational saving (saving) （國民儲(chǔ)蓄）（國民儲(chǔ)蓄） The total income in the economy that remains after paying for consumptio

3、n and government purchases.在用于消費(fèi)和政府購買后剩下的一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體中的總收入，這個(gè)量稱為國民儲(chǔ)國民儲(chǔ)蓄。蓄。3Y - C - G = S (saving)S = IThe equation S=I reveals an important fact: for the economy as a whole , saving must be equal to investment.34Private saving（私人儲(chǔ)蓄）（私人儲(chǔ)蓄）The income that households have left after paying for taxes and consu

4、mption.Public saving (公共儲(chǔ)蓄）公共儲(chǔ)蓄）The tax revenue that the government has left after paying its spending.S = private saving+ public saving5S = (Y T C ) + ( T G)S = Y C G Private savingPublic saving6Public saving (T G) Budget surplus(預(yù)算盈余）預(yù)算盈余） an excess of tax revenue over government spending.T G:T G:

5、Budge deficit(預(yù)算赤字預(yù)算赤字 ) a shortfall of tax revenue from government spending.7Suppose GDP is $10 trillion, taxes(稅收） are $2.0 trillion, private saving（私人儲(chǔ)蓄） is $0.7 trillion , and public saving（公共儲(chǔ)蓄） is -$0.1 trillion. assuming this economy is closed, 111calculate consumption（消費(fèi)）, government purchas

6、es（政府購買）, national saving（儲(chǔ)蓄）, and investment（投資）.8This economy is close.S = Y C G S = (Y T C ) + ( T G ) GDP = $10 trillion private saving = $0.7 trillion public saving = -$0.1 trillion Taxes=$2.0trillion1、Private saving=Y T C C =Y private saving T consumption = 10-2-0.7 = $7.3 trillion2、Public saving = T G G = T public saving government purchases=2-(-0.1)=$2.1 trillion3、 S = Y C G I = Y C G