計算機專業(yè)英語作業(yè)(1)

1、計算機專業(yè)英語作業(yè)（1）一、Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese.1計算機 2多媒體3硬件 4軟件5輸入設備 6存儲器7外部設備 8處理器9鼠標 10語音識別11掃描儀 12寄存器13Arithmetic and logic unit 14Binary form 15Control unit 16Instruction cycle17Execution cycle 18Central processing unit19Universal serial bus 20Universal parallel bus二、For

2、 each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the most appropriate one.1A personal computer keyboard includes aa typewriter layout and a set of arrow keys ba numeric keypad Ca Set of function keys da11 of above2A display is a device that is used to display anumbers letters bspecial c

3、haracters c. graphic information dall of above3system software includes and . aoperating system and application software boperating system and programming language cspecialpurpose programs and application softwaredOS and specialpurpose programs4Information flows from a computer into a peripheral dev

4、ice as aoutput bmemory ca program dinput5programs are known collectively as asecondary storage bsoftware cstored programs dhardware6which is not common feature of most application software? amenus btoolbars cinsertion point dalignment7Main memory holds . adata for processing bthe program cinformatio

5、n dall of above8The number of bits that can be Processed at one time is a aregister bcycle cword dPROM9Data and instructions are stored in memory at location known as aaddress bbyte cword dnumber10The central processing unit (CPU) had two parts: and acontrol unit and ALU bALU and register cregister

6、and control unit dALU and memory11A holds enough bits to store a single character aword bbit cbyte dtwo bytes12A location in memory is accessed by its aaddress bcontent cvalue ddigit13Which is not the actor that some microcomputer are more powerful than others aSpeed bcapacity cflexibility dapplicat

7、ion14The CPU has two main parts 。a the control unit and register bthe control unit and the arithmetic/logic unitb the arithmetic/logic unit and register dthe register and bus15In machine language, data and instructions are represented 。ain hexadecimal form bin decimal formcin binary form din octal f

8、orm16Data flow into the computer as 。aoutput ba process ca program dinput17The physical components of a computer are collectively called 。aperipherals bboards csoftware dhardware18Inside a computer, characters are represented by 。aa binary code bregisters cwords dpositional values三、Translate the fol

9、lowing sentences into Chinese. As to the question“What is the most important component in a computer?”,nobody wou1d fail to give a correct answer to itthe processorBut when the questions move to the details of it，most of us might not have a clear picture A processor a component of a computer，is a fu

10、nctional unit that interprets and carries out instructionsEvery processor comes with a unique set of operations such as ADD，STORE，or LOAD that represent the processors instruction setComputer designers are fond of calling their computers machines，so the instruction set is sometimes referred to as ma

11、chine instructions and the binary language in which they are written is called machine language. You should not confuse processors instruction set with the instructions found in highlevel programming languages，such as BASIC or PASCAL An instruction is made up of operations that specify the function

12、to be performed and operands that represent the data to be operated onFor example，if an instruction is to perform the operation of adding two numbers，it must know what the two numbers are and where the two numbers areWhen the numbers are stored in the computers memory，they have an address to indicat

13、e where they are, so if an operand refers to data in the computers memory it is called an addressThe processors job is to retrieve instructions and operands from memory and to perform each operationHaving done that，it signals memory to send it the next instructionThis step-by-step operation is repea

14、ted over and over again at awesome speedA timer called a clock releases precisely timed electrical signals that provide a regular pulse for the processors workThe term that is used to measure the computers speed is borrowed from the domain of electrical engineering and is called a megahertz (MHz)，wh

15、ich means million cycles per secondA processor is composed of two functional unitsa control unit and an arithmeticlogic unitand a set of special work spaces called registers.計算機專業(yè)英語作業(yè)（2）一、Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese.1熱插拔 2操作系統(tǒng)3芯片組 4輸入輸出端口5掛接設備 6鍵盤7觸摸屏 8屏幕指針9光筆 10游戲桿11軌跡

16、球 12顯示屏13圖標 14圖形符號15高速緩沖存儲器 16外部總線17遠程訪問 18調制解調器19寬帶 20激光打印機 21Crosshair cursor 22Dragging and dropping23Portable computer 24Machine address25Non-impact method 26Monochrome output27Grayscale output 28Ink-jet printer29Solid-ink printer 30High-intensity laser beam31Replaceable color cartridge 32Therma

17、l-transfer printer33Thermal-wax-transfer printer 34Dye-sublimation printer二、For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the most appropriate one.1The basic input device on a sma11 computer is a adisplay screen bkeyboard cprinter dcard reader2The basic output device on a small co

18、mputer is a akeyboard bdiskette cdisplay screen dplotter3 A display screen is divided into a grid of abytes bpixels cbits dwords4The indicates where on the screen the next character will appearapixel bcursor cpicture element dxy coordinate5External devices are linked to a small computer system throu

19、gh achannels bplugs ccontrol units dinterfaces6 The method with which dotmatrix printers form characters can include： a striking a ribbon with a hammer b spraying ink with a nozzlec transferring the pattern with heat or laser dall of above7A(n) is temporary storage used to allow for the speed dispar

20、ity between adjacent devices abuffer bcontrol unit cinterface dchannel8On a large computer system a links external devices to the computer，and also performs a number of device- independent tasks achannel bbuffer ccontrol unit d、register9On a large computer system a links external devices to a channe

21、l.acontrol unit bbuffer cregister dthe link is direct10A computers internal components are linked by acables bsoftware cbus lines dthey arent11Data flow over a bus in aserial bparallel ceither dneither12On a microcomputer system, each peripheral device has its own achannel binterface ccontrol unit d

22、bus line13On a microcomputer, the directly controls I/O.achannel bprocessor cbus dinterface board14The serves as a hardware/software interface. asystem bapplication program ccontrol unit doperating system 15A user communicates with the operating system through ainstructions ba program chardware da c

23、ommand language三、Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Human being access a computer through its input and output devicesThe basic input device on most small computer systems is the keyboardAs a user types characters，they are stored in the computers main memory. From there，they are output

24、to a display screen ( the basic output device )，where the user can see themIf a permanent copy of the output is required，it can be sent from memory to a printerComputers are not limited to character output，however，many systems support graphicsA screen is divided into a number of points called pixels

25、Images are formed by selectively turning the pixels on and offA screens reso1ution is a function of the number of pixelsWe briefly considered several other input and output devices and media，including punched cards，various types of printers，magnetic media, optical media, terminal，and voice IO Finall

26、y，we turned to the problem of linking input and output devices to a computer systemEach device is electronically different，but the computer always deals with a common codeAn interface board serves to bridge this gapAn input device sends its data to the interface，which converts the data from the exte

27、rnal devices form to the computers internal form and stores them in main memory. On output，information moves from memory to the interface，where it is converted to the external devices form，and outputA buffer can help to adjust for the speedDifferential between adjacent devices；On larger computers，ea

28、ch external device is linked to a control unitThe control units are plugged into channels，and the channels are connected to the computerIn this chapter，we have focused on input and output，showing how human beings communicate with a computerOne of the advantages of putting data into a computer is tha

29、t，once they have been converted to electronic form，they can be used over and over againIn the next chapter，well consider longterm secondary storage計算機專業(yè)英語作業(yè)（3）一、Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese.1路由器 2平臺3網絡服務器 4防火墻5菜單 6窗口7操作環(huán)境 8圖形外殼9磁盤操作系統(tǒng) 10關系數據庫11對話框 12硬件平臺13帶寬 14瀏覽器15刷新周期

30、16組合框17局域網 18廣域網19通信協(xié)議 20模擬式調制解調器21調制技術 22病毒23電子商務 24口令，密碼25網絡安全 26Network operating environment 27the Internet Phenomenon28Cross-platform support 29Java Virtual Machine30Network administrator 31graphical user interface32LAN administrator 33file and directory caching34Server hardware platform 35mach

31、ine and assembly languages36Higher level programming languages 37Integrated Development Environment 38Hyper Text Markup Language39Common Gateway Interface40Parallel Virtual Machine41High-bandwidth application 二、For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the most appropriate one

32、.1A terminal communicates with a distant computer over data transmission lines aremote bprinting cdisplay d10cal2Most new data transmission facilities are adigital banalog cmicrowave dnone of the above3A(n) converts data from pulse form to wave form and back againamodem bchannel ccontrol unit dinter

33、face4The general term can be used to describe any data communication mediumanetwork b1ine canalog ddigital5Devices or media that operate at different speeds can be synchronized by using a a1ine bbuffer cmodem ddata set6Inside a computer, data are stored as .acontinuous waves bdiscrete pulses ceither

34、 dneither7A is a connection point for communication line. aport bbuffer cfront end dpoll8Several computers linked by communication lines form a(n) . anetwork bdistributed system ctime-shared system dring9A computer virus is a . aliving cell bfactory csmall program ddata file10Which situation the tim

35、ing of the virus attack can be linked to？ aa certain time ba certain data cthe use or presence of a particular file dall of the above11The difference between distributed computer system and LAN is . asystem software bhardware capplication software ddata communication12The user who wants to use distr

36、ibuted computer system should know . a how many machines there are in the system.b Where the files are.c how to log into the system d how many processors are needed to run his or her program.13Distributed computer systems are widely used for .a data communication bsharing hardware csharing resources

37、 dsharing software and data14A bridge operates at the layer of the OSI reference model. aphysical bnet cdata link dtransport15A gateway operates at level of the OSI reference model. athe lowest bthe highest cdata link dnet三、Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Cables link local terminals directly to a computer systemRemote terminals communicate with a computer over data transmission linesData are stored as discrete pulses inside a c