機械手畢業(yè)論文英文及中文翻譯

1、英文:Manipulator Robot developed in recent decades as high-tech automated production equipment. Industrial robot is an important branch of industrial robots. It features can be programmed to perform tasks in a variety of expectations, in both structure and performance advantages of their own people an

2、d machines, in particular, reflects the people's intelligence and adaptability. The accuracy of robot operations and a variety of environments the ability to complete the work in the field of national economy and there are broad prospects for development. With the development of industrial autom

3、ation, there has been CNC machining center, it is in reducing labor intensity, while greatly improved labor productivity. However, the upper and lower common in CNC machining processes material, usually still use manual or traditional relay-controlled semi-automatic device. The former time-consuming

4、 and labor intensive, inefficient; the latter due to design complexity, require more relays, wiring complexity, vulnerability to body vibration interference, while the existence of poor reliability, fault more maintenance problems and other issues. Programmable Logic Controller PLC-controlled robot

5、control system for materials up and down movement is simple, circuit design is reasonable, with a strong anti-jamming capability, ensuring the system's reliability, reduced maintenance rate, and improve work efficiency. Robot technology related to mechanics, mechanics, electrical hydraulic techn

6、ology, automatic control technology, sensor technology and computer technology and other fields of science, is a cross-disciplinary integrated technology.First, an overview of industrial manipulatorRobot is a kind of positioning control can be automated and can be re-programmed to change in multi-fu

7、nctional machine, which has multiple degrees of freedom can be used to carry an object in order to complete the work in different environments. Low wages in China, plastic products industry, although still a labor-intensive, mechanical hand use has become increasingly popular. Electronics and automo

8、tive industries that Europe and the United States multinational companies very early in their factories in China, the introduction of automated production. But now the changes are those found in industrial-intensive South China, East China's coastal areas, local plastic processing plants have al

9、so emerged in mechanical watches began to become increasingly interested in, because they have to face a high turnover rate of workers, as well as for the workers to pay work-related injuries fee challenges.With the rapid development of China's industrial production, especially the reform and op

10、ening up after the rapid increase in the degree of automation to achieve the workpiece handling, steering, transmission or operation of brazing, spray gun, wrenches and other tools for processing and assembly operations since, which has more and more attracted our attention.Robot is to imitate the m

11、anual part of the action, according to a given program, track and requirements for automatic capture, handling or operation of the automatic mechanical devices.In real life, you will find this a problem. In the machine shop, the processing of parts loading time is not annoying, and labor productivit

12、y is not high, the cost of production major, and sometimes man-made incidents will occur, resulting in processing were injured. Think about what could replace it with the processing time of a tour as long as there are a few people, and can operate 24 hours saturated human right? The answer is yes, b

13、ut the robot can come to replace it.Production of mechanical hand can increase the automation level of production and labor productivity; can reduce labor intensity, ensuring product quality, to achieve safe production; particularly in the high-temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressu

14、re, dust, explosive, toxic and radioactive gases such as poor environment can replace the normal working people. Here I would like to think of designing a robot to be used in actual production.Why would a robot designed to provide a pneumatic power: pneumatic robot refers to the compressed air as po

15、wer source-driven robot. With pressure-driven and other energy-driven comparison have the following advantages: 1. Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, does not require recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment. (Concept of environmental protection) 2. Air stick

16、 is small, the pipeline pressure loss is small (typically less than asphalt gas path pressure drop of one-thousandth), to facilitate long-distance transport. 3. Compressed air of the working pressure is low (usually 4 to 8 kg / per square centimeter), and therefore moving the material components and

17、 manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. 4. With the hydraulic transmission, compared to its faster action and reaction, which is one of the advantages pneumatic outstanding. 5. The air cleaner media, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. But there are also places where

18、it fly in the ointment: 1. As the compressibility of air, resulting in poor aerodynamic stability of the work, resulting in the implementing agencies as the precision of the velocity and not easily controlled. 2. As the use of low atmospheric pressure, the output power can not be too large; in order

19、 to increase the output power is bound to the structure of the entire pneumatic system size increased.With pneumatic drive and compare with other energy sources drive has the following advantages:Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, without recycling and disposal, do not pol

20、lute the environment. Accidental or a small amount of leakage would not be a serious impact on production.Viscosity of air is small, the pipeline pressure loss also is very small, easy long-distance transport.The lower working pressure of compressed air, pneumatic components and therefore the materi

21、al and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. In general, reciprocating thrust in 1 to 2 tons pneumatic economy is better.Compared with the hydraulic transmission, and its faster action and reaction, which is one of the outstanding merits of pneumatic.Clean air medium, it will not degen

22、erate, not easy to plug the pipeline.It can be safely used in flammable, explosive and the dust big occasions. Also easy to realize automatic overload protection.Second, the composition, mechanical handRobot in the form of a variety of forms, some relatively simple, some more complicated, but the ba

23、sic form is the same as the composition of the, Usually by the implementing agencies, transmission systems, control systems and auxiliary devices composed.1. Implementing agenciesManipulator executing agency by the hands, wrists, arms, pillars. Hands are crawling institutions, is used to clamp and r

24、elease the workpiece, and similar to human fingers, to complete the staffing of similar actions. Wrist and fingers and the arm connecting the components can be up and down, left, and rotary movement. A simple mechanical hand can not wrist. Pillars used to support the arm can also be made mobile as n

25、eeded.2. TransmissionThe actuator to be achieved by the transmission system. Sub-transmission system commonly used manipulator mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic and electric power transmission and other drive several forms.3. Control SystemManipulator control system's ma

26、in role is to control the robot according to certain procedures, direction, position, speed of action, a simple mechanical hand is generally not set up a dedicated control system, using only trip switches, relays, control valves and circuits can be achieved dynamic drive system control, so that impl

27、ementing agencies according to the requirements of action. Action will have to use complex programmable robot controller, the micro-computer control.Three, mechanical hand classification and characteristics Robots are generally divided into three categories: the first is the general machinery does n

28、ot require manual hand. It is an independent not affiliated with a particular host device. It can be programmed according to the needs of the task to complete the operation of the provisions. It is characterized with ordinary mechanical performance, also has general machinery, memory, intelligence t

29、ernary machinery. The second category is the need to manually do it, called the operation of aircraft. It originated in the atom, military industry, first through the operation of machines to complete a particular job, and later developed to operate using radio signals to carry out detecting machine

30、s such as the Moon. Used in industrial manipulator also fall into this category. The third category is dedicated manipulator, the main subsidiary of the automatic machines or automatic lines, to solve the machine up and down the workpiece material and delivery. This mechanical hand in foreign countr

31、ies known as the "Mechanical Hand", which is the host of services, from the host-driven; exception of a few outside the working procedures are generally fixed, and therefore special.Main features:First, mechanical hand (the upper and lower material robot, assembly robot, handling robot, st

32、acking robot, help robot, vacuum handling machines, vacuum suction crane, labor-saving spreader, pneumatic balancer, etc.).Second, cantilever cranes (cantilever crane, electric chain hoist crane, air balance the hanging, etc.)Third, rail-type transport system (hanging rail, light rail, single girder

33、 cranes, double-beam crane)Four, industrial machinery, application of handManipulator in the mechanization and automation of the production process developed a new type of device. In recent years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of robot development and production of high

34、-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technology, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the combination of mechanization and automation.Although the robot is not as flexible as staff, but it has to the continuous duplication of work and l

35、abor, I do not know fatigue, not afraid of danger, the power snatch weight characteristics when compared with manual large, therefore, mechanical hand has been of great importance to many sectors, and increasingly has been applied widely, for example: (1) Machining the workpiece loading and unloadin

36、g, especially in the automatic lathe, combination machine tool use is more common. (2) In the assembly operations are widely used in the electronics industry, it can be used to assemble printed circuit boards, in the machinery industryIt can be used to assemble parts and components. (3) The working

37、conditions may be poor, monotonous, repetitive easy to sub-fatigue working environment to replace human labor. (4) May be in dangerous situations, such as military goods handling, dangerous goods and hazardous materials removal and so on. (5) Universe and ocean development. (6), military engineering

38、 and biomedical research and testing. Help mechanical hands: also known as the balancer, balance suspended, labor-saving spreader, manual Transfer machine is a kind of weightlessness of manual load system, a novel, time-saving technology for material handling operations booster equipment, belon

39、ging to kinds of non-standard design of series products. Customer application needs, creating customized cases.Manual operation of a simulation of the automatic machinery, it can be a fixed program draws handling objects or perform household tools to accomplish certain specific actions. Application

40、of robot can replace the people engaged in monotonous repetitive or heavy manual labor, the mechanization and automation of production, instead of people in hazardous environments manual operation, improving working conditions and ensure personal safety. The late 20th century, 40, the United States

41、atomic energy experiments, the first use of radioactive material handling robot, human robot in a safe room to manipulate various operations and experimentation. 50 years later, manipulator and gradually extended to industrial production sector, for the temperatures, polluted areas, and loading and

42、unloading to take place the work piece material, but also as an auxiliary device in automatic machine tools, machine tools, automatic production lines and processing center applications, the completion of the upper and lower material, or From the library take place knife knife and so on according to

43、 fixed procedures for the replacement operation. Robot body mainly by the hand and sports institutions. Agencies with the use of hands and operation of objects of different occasions, often there are clamping support and adsorption type of care. Movement organs are generally hydraulic pneumatic elec

44、trical device drivers. Manipulator can be achieved independently retractable rotation and lifting movements, generally 2 to 3 degrees of freedom. Robots are widely used in metallurgical industry, machinery manufacture, light industry and atomic energy sectors.Can mimic some of the staff and arm moto

45、r function, a fixed procedure for the capture, handling objects or operating tools, automatic operation device. It can replace human labor in order to achieve the production of heavy mechanization and automation that can operate in hazardous environments to protect the personal safety, which is wide

46、ly used in machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and nuclear power sectors. Mechanical hand tools or other equipment commonly used for additional devices, such as the automatic machines or automatic production line handling and transmission of the workpiece, the replacemen

47、t of cutting tools in machining centers, etc. generally do not have a separate control device. Some operating devices require direct manipulation by humans; such as the atomic energy sector performs household hazardous materials used in the master-slave manipulator is also often referred to as mecha

48、nical hand.Manipulator mainly by hand and sports institutions. Task of hand is holding the workpiece (or tool) components, according to grasping objects by shape, size, weight, material and operational requirements of a variety of structural forms, such as clamp type, type and adsorption-based care

49、such as holding. Sports organizations, so that the completion of a variety of hand rotation (swing), mobile or compound movements to achieve the required action, to change the location of objects by grasping and posture.Robot is the automated production of a kind used in the process of crawling and

50、moving piece features automatic device, which is mechanized and automated production process developed a new type of device. In recent years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of robot development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new techn

51、ology, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the combination of mechanization and automation. Robot can replace humans completed the risk of duplication of boring work, to reduce human labor intensity and improve labor productivity. Manipulator has b

52、een applied more and more widely, in the machinery industry, it can be used for parts assembly, work piece handling, loading and unloading, particularly in the automation of CNC machine tools, modular machine tools more commonly used. At present, the robot has developed into a FMS flexible manufactu

53、ring systems and flexible manufacturing cell in an important component of the FMC. The machine tool equipment and machinery in hand together constitute a flexible manufacturing system or a flexible manufacturing cell, it was adapted to small and medium volume production, you can save a huge amount o

54、f the work piece conveyor device, compact, and adaptable. When the work piece changes, flexible production system is very easy to change will help enterprises to continuously update the marketable variety, improve product quality, and better adapt to market competition. At present, China's indus

55、trial robot technology and its engineering application level and comparable to foreign countries there is a certain distance, application and industrialization of the size of the low level of robot research and development of a direct impact on raising the level of automation in China, from the econ

56、omy, technical considerations are very necessary. Therefore, the study of mechanical hand design is very meaningful.中文：機械手機械手是近幾十年發(fā)展起來的一種高科技自動化生產(chǎn)設備。工業(yè)機械手是工業(yè)機器人的一個重要分支。它的特點是可通過編程來完成各種預期的作業(yè)任務，在構(gòu)造和性能上兼有人和機器各自的優(yōu)點，尤其體現(xiàn)了人的智能和適應性。機械手作業(yè)的準確性和各種環(huán)境中完成作業(yè)的能力，在國民經(jīng)濟各領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的發(fā)展前景。隨著工業(yè)自動化的發(fā)展, 出現(xiàn)了數(shù)控加工中心,它在減輕工人的勞動強度的同時

57、, 大大提高了勞動生產(chǎn)率。但數(shù)控加工中常見的上下料工序, 通常仍采用人工操作或傳統(tǒng)繼電器控制的半自動化裝置。前者費時費工、效率低; 后者因設計復雜, 需較多繼電器,接線繁雜, 易受車體振動干擾,而存在可靠性差、故障多、維修困難等問題?？删幊绦蚩刂破鱌LC控制的上下料機械手控制系統(tǒng)動作簡便、線路設計合理、具有較強的抗干擾能力, 保證了系統(tǒng)運行的可靠性,降低了維修率, 提高了工作效率。機械手技術(shù)涉及到力學、機械學、電氣液壓技術(shù)、自動控制技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù)等科學領(lǐng)域，是一門跨學科綜合技術(shù)。一、 工業(yè)機械手的概述機械手是一種能自動化定位控制并可重新編程序以變動的多功能機器，它有多個自由度，可

58、用來搬運物體以完成在各個不同環(huán)境中工作。在工資水平較低的中國，塑料制品行業(yè)盡管仍屬于勞動力密集型，機械手的使用已經(jīng)越來越普及。那些電子和汽車業(yè)的歐美跨國公司很早就在它們設在中國的工廠中引進了自動化生產(chǎn)。但現(xiàn)在的變化是那些分布在工業(yè)密集的華南、華東沿海地區(qū)的中國本土塑料加工廠也開始對機械手表現(xiàn)出越來越濃厚的興趣，因為他們要面對工人流失率高，以及為工人交工傷費帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。隨著我國工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的飛躍發(fā)展，特別是改革開發(fā)以后，自動化程度的迅速提高，實現(xiàn)工件的裝卸、轉(zhuǎn)向、輸送或操作釬焊、噴槍、扳手等工具進行加工、裝配等作業(yè)自化，已愈來愈引起我們重視。機械手是一種定位控制可以是自動的，并且可以被重新編程的多功

59、能機，它具有多自由度可用于攜帶一個對象，以完成該工作在不同的環(huán)境來改變。低工資的中國，塑料制品業(yè)，雖然仍然是一個勞動力密集型，機械手的使用已經(jīng)越來越普及。電子和汽車行業(yè)，歐洲和美國的跨國公司很早就在他們的工廠在中國，引進自動化生產(chǎn)。但現(xiàn)在的變化是那些在工業(yè)密集的中國南方發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國東部沿海地區(qū)，當?shù)氐乃芰霞庸S也出現(xiàn)了機械表開始變得越來越有興趣，因為他們要面對工人流失率高，以及職工繳工商費帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。隨著中國工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展，特別是改革開放以后迅速增加自動化程度，實現(xiàn)釬焊的工件裝卸，轉(zhuǎn)向，傳動和操作的快速發(fā)展，噴槍，扳手等工具進行加工裝配業(yè)務以來，已經(jīng)越來越多的吸引了我們的重視。機械手是模仿人手部的動作，根據(jù)給定的程序，跟蹤和自動捕捉需求，處理或自動抓取、搬運的自動機械設備。在現(xiàn)實生活中的操作，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一個問題。在機械加工車間，零件加工是很煩的，和勞動生產(chǎn)率不高，生產(chǎn)的成本大，有時人為的事故會發(fā)生，從而導致人員受傷。想想看，只要有幾個人加工時進行巡視，并能24小時運轉(zhuǎn)飽和，人行嗎？答案是肯定的，但機械手可以代替他。生產(chǎn)中使用機械手可以提高產(chǎn)量和勞動生產(chǎn)率的自動化水平，可降低勞動強度，保證