現(xiàn)在完成時詳解及練習(xí)題

1、現(xiàn)在完成時適用學(xué)科初中英語適用年級初中二年級適用區(qū)域江蘇課時時長（分鐘）120知識點一般現(xiàn)在完成時：S+have/has+done+其他成分學(xué)習(xí)目標1. 掌握現(xiàn)完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法2. 能夠應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時進行解題3. 加深對英語時態(tài)的了解和對英語的認識學(xué)習(xí)重點掌握現(xiàn)完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法學(xué)習(xí)難點現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別學(xué)習(xí)過程一、復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時二、知識講解考點1-完成時結(jié)構(gòu) 1.構(gòu)成：S+have/has+V(過去分詞+其他成分 助動詞have 有人稱和數(shù)的變化，第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余用have.否定式疑問式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied

2、?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied?否定疑問式簡單回答（肯定/否定）Have I not (Havent I) studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. 2.動詞過去分詞的規(guī)則變化 大多數(shù)

3、動詞+edVisit-visitedRepair-repaired以e結(jié)尾的動詞+dChange-changed以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾-y+edCarry-carried Try-tried單音節(jié)閉音節(jié)詞雙寫輔音字母+edstopped 3.動詞過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化不變形Come-come hurt-hurt hit-hit put-put改變元音字母Hold-held win-won meet-met改變輔音字母Lend-lent build-built make-made改變元音和輔音字母Catch-caught keep-kept forget-forgottenTell-told thin

4、k-tought teach-tought sell-sold其他Be-been have-had fall-fallen see-seenDraw-drawn fly-flown give-given go-gone考點2-用法1.常表示發(fā)生在過去，并且持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。I havent heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently.

5、 最近我們沒有見到你。They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。 1. She has been with us since Monday.I have lived here since i was bore2.表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，說話人強調(diào)的是該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。 She has arrived. 她到了。3.表示到目前為止，某個動作已經(jīng)重復(fù)發(fā)生多次I have

6、already read this book many times.I have been to USA three times.考點3-have /has been 和have /has gone區(qū)別have /has been“曾到過某地”,表示某人曾經(jīng)去過某地并且已經(jīng)回來了，也表明一種經(jīng)歷have (has) gone 表示“已經(jīng)去某地”還沒有回來Where has he been? 他剛才到哪里去了？（已經(jīng)回來了）Sandy has never been to South Hill,she want to go with them.Where has he gone? 他上哪兒去了？（

7、人不在）They have been to Canada. 他們到過加拿大。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大）.易錯點4-since和for狀語的區(qū)別及用在完成時中的注意點 1.Since 和for 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語都表示一段時間“長達多久”，但是since+ 時間點，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor+ 一段時間，表示，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim ha

8、s been in Ireland _ _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _ _15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ _ 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country _ _1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting _ _ 20 minutes.7. Nobod

9、y lives in those houses. They have been empty _ _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ _ October. 2.表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4

10、months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. ×以上三句話謂語動詞可以改為延續(xù)性的就可以了：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months. They have _ _ only for 5 minutes易錯點5-時間狀語1. 現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用 如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in， 但可以和already, yet, just（

11、謂語之前）,sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。She has already come. 她已經(jīng)來了。 I havent read it yet. 我還沒讀過這個。I have met him before. 我從前曾見過他。 Ma Hong has always been a good student. 馬紅一直是個好學(xué)生。I have often seen him in the street. 我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。 They have never been to Y

12、anan. 他們從未去過延安。I haven't seen him lately. 我近來沒看到他。2. ago和before都可用作副詞與時間段連用，表示“之前”，但它們的用法有所不同。 1）“時間段 + ago”，表示從說話時刻算起的若干時間以前，常用于一般過去時。 “時間段 + before”，表示從過去某時起若干時間以前，與過去完成時連用。 He met her three days ago. 他三天前碰到過她。 He said he had met her three days before. 他說他三天前碰到過她。 2) ago不能單

13、獨使用，而before可以，且與一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時連用，表示“不明確的以前”。 I have never seen him before. 我以前從未見過他。 I told you before. 我以前告訴過你。  3) before可作介詞后接時間點；也可作連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句, ago不能用作介詞和連詞He will be back before five oclock. 他會在五點鐘以前回來。 Ill ring you up before I leave home. 我離家以前將給你打電話。  根據(jù)句意，用ago

14、或before填空。 1.Ill ring you up_I leave home. 2.He finished the work five days_. 3.He often went to the park_. 4.We saw the film two months_. 5.When we finally got there，the team had left an hour_. 1.before 2.ago  3.before  4.ago  5.before 四、課堂運用1. I_ a

15、lready _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7

16、. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The m

17、onkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been2. My grandpa died _. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2 D. my age

18、was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nic

19、e dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. h

20、ave been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have

21、been to Macau before. (改為否定句)  I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改寫)    I _ just _ a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句) We _ _English _three years5.

22、 He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑問句） 6. They have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問) _ _have they been here?7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) （動詞填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago.Ask the questions1) I have been there for two days. _ _ _ you _

23、_?2) My father has lived here since 2000. _ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday. _ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago. _ _ they _ a book?Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _

24、 finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”五、課程小結(jié)6、 課后作業(yè)二、用since和for填空 1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 19995._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7. _4 hours 8._an hou

25、r ago9. _we were children 10._ lunch time 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三、結(jié)

26、束性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He Beijing for .2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .3) I went home yesterday. I home for .4

27、) They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out1) He came out two years ago. He _ for _.2) We return to Beijing yesterday. We _ _ to Beijing since _. become be1) I became a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for _.2) The river became dirty last

28、year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2) The door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up； die be dead； leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep； finish / end be over

29、；marry be married；1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2) He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They marr

30、ied in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold； get to kno

31、w know1) They borrowed it last week. They _it since _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3) I got to know him last year. I _ him since _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the

32、 league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in the league / the Party / the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army t

33、wo years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you te

34、ll me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各種形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ they _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9)