貿(mào)易競爭力評價指標

1、1貿(mào)易競爭力的評價幾種常見的貿(mào)易競爭力評價指數(shù)幾種常見的貿(mào)易競爭力評價指數(shù)23一、市場占有率市場滲透率出口貢獻率出口增長優(yōu)勢指數(shù)二、凈出口（貿(mào)易盈余）貿(mào)易競爭力指數(shù)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量升級指數(shù)三、出口所占比例顯示性比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)顯示性競爭優(yōu)勢指數(shù)（國際競爭力評價的理論和方法研究_張金昌）以進出口為基礎的國際競爭力評價指標4 rca是指一國某種商品的出口值占該國所有商品出口總值的份額與世界該商品的出口值占世界所有商品出口總值的份額的比率，即： 其中，xij表示i國j種產(chǎn)品的出口值；xit代表i國所有商品的出口總值；xwj代表世界j種產(chǎn)品的出口值；xwt代表世界所有商品的出口總值。 一般而言，如果rcaij1，

2、表明i國j產(chǎn)品比起其已出口商品占有更大的市場份額，i國在j種產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)上具有顯示比較優(yōu)勢，反之則沒有明顯比較優(yōu)勢。 日本貿(mào)易振興協(xié)會的劃分：更詳細1. 顯示性比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)（revealed comparative advantage，rca）0.81.252.5強次強中等弱5yearcx87cxallwx87wxallcrca872000$4,536.38 $249,202.55$554,163$6,356,558.000.2088 2001$4,777.14 $266,098.21$550,714$6,117,842.000.1994 2002$5,792.86 $325,595.97$58

3、3,946$6,409,332.000.1953 2003$8,097.02 $438,227.77$707,200$7,458,824.000.1949 2004$11,823.07 $593,325.58$833,213$9,081,466.000.2172 2005$16,594.45 $761,953.41$905,051$10,359,677.000.2493 2006$22,373.09 $968,935.60$1,003,149$11,983,856.000.2758 2007$31,810.26 $1,220,059.67$1,172,949$13,827,071.000.30

4、74 2008$39,273.46 $1,430,693.07$1,228,762$15,970,882.000.3568 2009$27,931.28 $1,201,646.76$843,307$12,383,260.000.3413 2010$38,397.96 $1,577,763.75$1,076,378$15,075,181.000.3409 2011$49,539.45 $1,898,388.43$1,263,743$18,013,288.000.3720 2012$55,117.13 $2,048,782.23$1,281,547$18,013,778.000.3781 中國車輛

5、及其零附件（鐵道車輛除外，hs87）rca0.8資料來源：根據(jù)un comtrade數(shù)據(jù)庫和tablea2012數(shù)據(jù)整理計算所得，下同。6 2. 顯示性競爭優(yōu)勢指數(shù)（competitive advantage，ca）出口出口進口進口7yearcm87cmallwm87wmallrca87ca872000$3,612.12 $225,093.73$563,103$6,521,537.000.2088 0.0230 2001$4,531.52 $243,552.88$563,621$6,299,096.000.1994 -0.0085 2002$6,473.91 $295,170.10$566,6

6、71$6,535,814.000.1953 -0.0577 2003$11,786.51 $412,759.80$712,003$7,615,974.000.1949 -0.1106 2004$13,102.35 $561,228.75$838,750$9,308,915.000.2172 -0.0419 2005$12,309.09 $659,952.76$891,206$10,609,539.000.2493 0.0273 2006$17,051.80 $791,460.87$1,001,657$12,202,850.000.2758 0.0134 2007$22,137.27 $956,

7、115.45$1,171,552$14,048,764.000.3074 0.0297 2008$26,962.79 $1,132,562.16$1,208,933$16,222,152.000.3568 0.0373 2009$28,363.24 $1,005,555.23$831,398$12,484,949.000.3413 -0.0823 2010$49,504.24 $1,396,001.57$1,051,466$15,166,974.000.3409 -0.1707 2011$65,438.57 $1,743,394.87$1,228,478$18,086,740.000.3720

8、 -0.1807 2012$70,596.74 $1,818,199.23$1,232,574$18,139,613.000.3781 -0.1933 中國車輛及其零附件（鐵道車輛除外，hs87）ca08 3. 貿(mào)易競爭力指數(shù)（trade competitive power index，tcp）9yearcx87cm87x87c-km87c-ktcp87tcpc-k872000$4,536.38 $3,612.12 $63,870,642 $113,515,980 0.1134 -0.2799 2001$4,777.14 $4,531.52 $63,898,688 $170,148,524 0

9、.0264 -0.4540 2002$5,792.86 $6,473.91 $111,811,793 $266,989,010 -0.0555 -0.4097 2003$8,097.02 $11,786.51 $119,593,204 $960,610,764 -0.1856 -0.7786 2004$11,823.07 $13,102.35 $172,776,582 $1,504,629,800 -0.0513 -0.7940 2005$16,594.45 $12,309.09 $282,440,384 $2,091,365,079 0.1483 -0.7620 2006$22,373.09

10、 $17,051.80 $483,140,830 $2,115,153,944 0.1350 -0.6281 2007$31,810.26 $22,137.27 $766,767,270 $2,069,864,202 0.1793 -0.4594 2008$39,273.46 $26,962.79 $928,916,634 $2,036,081,334 0.1859 -0.3734 2009$27,931.28 $28,363.24 $766,110,783 $2,402,965,161 -0.0077 -0.5165 2010$38,397.96 $49,504.24 $1,101,697,

11、623 $3,887,834,170 -0.1263 -0.5584 2011$49,539.45 $65,438.57 $1,372,362,180 $4,988,400,137 -0.1383 -0.5685 2012$55,117.13 $70,596.74 $1,305,796,732 $4,446,893,238 -0.1231 -0.5460 中國車輛及其零附件（鐵道車輛除外，hs87）tcp0104. 出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量升級指數(shù)periodtrade valuetrade quantity出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量升級指數(shù)2000$7,937,107 26,7112001$5,552,561 17,

12、7391.0534 2002$3,174,307 10,9570.9750 2003$2,887,343 9,3971.0340 2004$1,958,666 6,1371.0741 2005$2,040,483 6,9270.9913 2006$1,368,298 4,2821.0754 2007$1,210,872 3,7211.0951 2008$985,833 2,8251.1744 2009$4,580,365 12,7361.2103 2010$10,526,244 28,3821.2481 2011$6,768,467 14,3801.5840 2012$1,724,184 3,

13、5691.6258 2013$6,656,447 13,1281.7064 中國原木（hs4403）出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量升級指數(shù)11國際市場占有率是一國出口總額占世界出口總額的比例，反映一國出口的整體競爭力，即：市場滲透率是一國產(chǎn)品出口在另一國總進口中所占的比例，即：式中，xi為一國i產(chǎn)品在另一國（地區(qū)）的出口額，mi*為i產(chǎn)品在另一國的總進口額。市場滲透率作為國際市場占有率的補充，從出口國的角度反映其產(chǎn)品在其進口國市場上的占有率。5. 國際市場占有率 & 市場滲透率12中國車輛及其零附件（鐵道車輛除外，hs87）市場占有率、滲透率yearcx87wx87x87c-kkm87市場占有率中國在韓

14、國市場滲透率2000$4,536.38 $554,163$63.87 $1,631.260.82%3.92%2001$4,777.14 $550,714$63.90 $1,804.870.87%3.54%2002$5,792.86 $583,946$111.81 $2,644.370.99%4.23%2003$8,097.02 $707,200$119.59 $3,175.271.14%3.77%2004$11,823.07 $833,213$172.78 $3,584.941.42%4.82%2005$16,594.45 $905,051$282.44 $4,193.171.83%6.74%

15、2006$22,373.09 $1,003,149$483.14 $5,242.002.23%9.22%2007$31,810.26 $1,172,949$766.77 $6,658.602.71%11.52%2008$39,273.46 $1,228,762$928.92 $7,180.813.20%12.94%2009$27,931.28 $843,307$766.11 $5,516.333.31%13.89%2010$38,397.96 $1,076,378$1,101.70 $7,867.153.57%14.00%2011$49,539.45 $1,263,743$1,372.36 $

16、9,149.993.92%15.00%2012$55,117.13 $1,281,547$1,305.80 $9,347.254.30%13.97%13出口貢獻率為某產(chǎn)品出口占該國總出口的比例，即：ci=xi/xxi為i產(chǎn)品的出口額，x為該國總出口額。ci值越大該產(chǎn)品或產(chǎn)業(yè)的貢獻越大。6. 出口貢獻率 & 出口增長優(yōu)勢指數(shù)出口增長優(yōu)勢指數(shù)出口增長優(yōu)勢指數(shù)為某產(chǎn)品出口增長率與總的貿(mào)易增長率之比，反映產(chǎn)品出口優(yōu)勢的變化情況，即：di=(gi一gt)100gi為某一時期產(chǎn)品或產(chǎn)業(yè)的出口增長率，gt為該一時期整個出口的增長率。di越大說明i產(chǎn)品或產(chǎn)業(yè)的出口增長越快。14yearcx87cxal

17、lcmall出口貢獻率出口增長優(yōu)勢2000$4,536.38 $249,202.55$225,093.731.82%2001$4,777.14 $266,098.21$243,552.881.80%71.1992 2002$5,792.86 $325,595.97$295,170.101.78%97.5229 2003$8,097.02 $438,227.77$412,759.801.85%107.2508 2004$11,823.07 $593,325.58$561,228.751.99%129.0008 2005$16,594.45 $761,953.41$659,952.762.18%174.2791 2006$22,373.09 $968,935.60$791,460.872.31%146.2810 2007$31,810.26 $1,220,059.67$956,115.452.61%178.5929 2008$39,273.46 $1,430,693.07$1,132,