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1、機械工程專業(yè)英語LEnglish for Mechanical Engineering機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語L Slotted cone pointed set screw. Hex nut. Slotted nut . Bright washer. Spring washer. Tab washer Hexagon head bolt. Stud. Slotted cheese head screw. Slotted pan head screw. Slotted countersunk screw. Hexagon socket cap 螺紋緊固件的種類螺紋緊固件的種類 Less
2、on 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語L機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語預(yù)備知識預(yù)備知識 一、一、Background informationLesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints Bolted joints are one of the most common elements in construction and machine design. They consist of cap screws or studs that capture and join other
3、parts, and are secured with the mating of screw threads.There are two main types of bolted joint designs. In one method the bolt is tightened to a calculated clamp load, usually by applying a measured torque load. The joint will be designed such that the clamp load is never overcome by the forces ac
4、ting on the joint (and therefore the joined parts see no relative motion). The other type of bolted joint does not have a designed clamp load but relies on the shear strength of the bolt shaft. This may include clevis linkages, joints that can move, and joints that rely on locking mechanism (like lo
5、ck washers, thread adhesives, and lock nuts).機械工程專業(yè)英語L機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語預(yù)備知識預(yù)備知識 一、一、Background informationLesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints Bolted joint Screw joint Stud joint 機械工程專業(yè)英語LBolt The bolt assembly is used when joint parts are not too thick to drill through holes.螺栓螺栓 用于聯(lián)接二通孔薄件用于聯(lián)接二通孔薄
6、件機械工程專業(yè)英語L Stud Stud are used in situations where a part with a through hole and a part with blind tapped hole.雙頭螺柱雙頭螺柱 用于聯(lián)接一通孔薄件和一盲孔厚件。用于聯(lián)接一通孔薄件和一盲孔厚件。機械工程專業(yè)英語LScrew Screws are mostly used for the cases with small bearing forces. such as inspection covers which have to be removed frequently.螺釘螺釘 多用
7、于用于受力不大需要經(jīng)常拆卸的情況多用于用于受力不大需要經(jīng)常拆卸的情況機械工程專業(yè)英語LNut are used to match the other screw fasteners. 螺母螺母 與其他螺紋件配合使用與其他螺紋件配合使用機械工程專業(yè)英語LWasher are used to match the other screw fasteners. 墊圈墊圈 與其他螺紋件配合使用與其他螺紋件配合使用機械工程專業(yè)英語L機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語預(yù)備知識預(yù)備知識 一、一、Background informationLesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joint
8、s Theory The clamp load, also called preload, of a cap screw is created when a torque is applied, and is generally a percentage of the cap screws proof strength. Cap screws are manufactured to various standards that define, among other things, their strength and clamp load. Torque charts are availab
9、le that identify the required torque for cap screws based on their property class or grade. When a cap screw is tightened it is stretched, and the parts that are captured are compressed. The result is a spring-like assembly. External forces are designed to act on the parts that have been compressed,
10、 and not on the cap screw.機械工程專業(yè)英語L機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語預(yù)備知識預(yù)備知識 一、一、Background informationLesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints Theory The result is a non-intuitive distribution of strain; in this engineering model, as long as the forces acting on the compressed parts do not exceed the clamp load, the
11、cap screw do not see any increased load. This model is only valid when the members under compression are much stiffer than the cap screw. This is a simplified model. In reality the bolt will see a small fraction of the external load prior to it exceeding the clamp load, depending on the compressed p
12、arts stiffness with respect to the hardwares stiffness. 機械工程專業(yè)英語L機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語預(yù)備知識預(yù)備知識 一、一、Background informationLesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints Theory The results of this type of joint design are: Greater preloads in bolted joints reduce the fatigue loading of the hardware. For cyclic loa
13、ds, the bolt does not see the full amplitude of the load. As a result, fatigue life can be increased or, if the material exhibits an endurance limit, extended indefinitely. As long as the external loads on a joint dont exceed the clamp load, the hardware doesnt see any motion and will not come loose
14、 (no locking mechanisms are required). In the case of the compressed member being less stiff than the hardware (soft, compressed gaskets for example) this analogy doesnt hold true. The load seen by the hardware is the preload plus the external load.機械工程專業(yè)英語L機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語預(yù)備知識預(yù)備知識 一、一、Background in
15、formationLesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語L機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語預(yù)備知識預(yù)備知識 一、一、Background informationLesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints Theory The results of this type of joint design are: Greater preloads in bolted joints reduce the fatigue loading of the hardware. For cyclic loads, the
16、bolt does not see the full amplitude of the load. As a result, fatigue life can be increased or, if the material exhibits an endurance limit, extended indefinitely. As long as the external loads on a joint dont exceed the clamp load, the hardware doesnt see any motion and will not come loose (no loc
17、king mechanisms are required). In the case of the compressed member being less stiff than the hardware (soft, compressed gaskets for example) this analogy doesnt hold true. The load seen by the hardware is the preload plus the external load.機械工程專業(yè)英語L機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語預(yù)備知識預(yù)備知識 一、一、Background informatio
18、nLesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints Thread strength Nut threads are designed to support the rated clamp load of their respective bolts. If tapped threads are used instead of a nut, then their strength needs to be calculated. Steel hardware into tapped steel threads requires a depth of 1.5 thread
19、 diameter to support the full clamp load. If an appropriate depth of threads is not available, or the threads are in a weaker material than the cap screw, then the clamp load (and torque) needs to be derated appropriately.機械工程專業(yè)英語L機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語預(yù)備知識預(yù)備知識 一、一、Background informationLesson 19 Screws,
20、fasteners and joints Failure modes The most common mode of failure is overloading. Operating forces of the application produce loads that exceed the clamp load and the joint works itself loose, or fails catastrophically.Over torquing will cause failure by damaging the threads and deforming the hardw
21、are, the failure might not occur until long afterward. Under torquing can cause failures by allowing a joint to come loose. It may also allow the joint to flex and thus fail under fatigue. Brinelling may occur with poor quality washers, leading to a loss of clamp load and failure of the joint. Corro
22、sion, embedment and exceeding the shear stress limit are other modes of failure.機械工程專業(yè)英語L機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語預(yù)備知識預(yù)備知識 一、一、Background informationLesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints Notes:Brinelling refers to a material surface failure caused by contact stress that exceeds the material limit. This fail
23、ure is caused by just one application of a load great enough to exceed the material limit. The result is a permanent dent or brinell mark. Embedment is a phenomenon in mechanical engineering in which the surfaces between mechanical members of a loaded joint embed. It can lead to failure by fatigue a
24、s described below, and is of particular concern when considering the design of critical fastener joints.機械工程專業(yè)英語L機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語預(yù)備知識預(yù)備知識 一、預(yù)備知識一、預(yù)備知識Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 1、基本類型、基本類型u普通螺栓聯(lián)接:被聯(lián)接件上通孔和螺栓桿間留有間隙,故普通螺栓聯(lián)接:被聯(lián)接件上通孔和螺栓桿間留有間隙,故精度低、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單。精度低、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單。u鉸制孔用螺栓聯(lián)接:孔和螺栓桿多采用基孔制過渡配合(鉸制孔用螺
25、栓聯(lián)接:孔和螺栓桿多采用基孔制過渡配合(H7/m6、H7/n6),精確固定被聯(lián)接件的相對位置,并可承受精確固定被聯(lián)接件的相對位置,并可承受橫向載荷。橫向載荷。u雙頭螺栓聯(lián)接:被聯(lián)接件之一太厚或經(jīng)常拆裝雙頭螺栓聯(lián)接:被聯(lián)接件之一太厚或經(jīng)常拆裝u螺釘聯(lián)接:不用螺母,比雙頭螺柱簡單,用途相似,多用螺釘聯(lián)接:不用螺母,比雙頭螺柱簡單,用途相似,多用于受力不大、不需經(jīng)常拆裝的場合于受力不大、不需經(jīng)常拆裝的場合u緊定螺釘聯(lián)接:固定兩零件的相對位置,可傳遞不太大的緊定螺釘聯(lián)接:固定兩零件的相對位置,可傳遞不太大的扭矩和力扭矩和力u螺栓的類型:六角頭螺栓和雙頭螺栓螺栓的類型:六角頭螺栓和雙頭螺栓u螺釘?shù)念愋停?/p>
26、半圓頭、平頭、六角頭、圓柱頭、沉頭螺釘?shù)念愋停喊雸A頭、平頭、六角頭、圓柱頭、沉頭 機械工程專業(yè)英語L機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語預(yù)備知識預(yù)備知識 一、預(yù)備知識一、預(yù)備知識Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 2、螺紋的預(yù)緊、螺紋的預(yù)緊u預(yù)緊的目的:增強聯(lián)接的可靠性、緊密性,防止預(yù)緊的目的:增強聯(lián)接的可靠性、緊密性,防止受載后被聯(lián)接件間出現(xiàn)縫隙或發(fā)生相對滑移。選用受載后被聯(lián)接件間出現(xiàn)縫隙或發(fā)生相對滑移。選用較大的預(yù)緊力可提高聯(lián)接的可靠性和疲勞強度較大的預(yù)緊力可提高聯(lián)接的可靠性和疲勞強度u預(yù)緊應(yīng)力不超過其材料的屈服極限的預(yù)緊應(yīng)力不超過其材料的屈服極限的8
27、0%。u控制預(yù)緊力的方法:控制預(yù)緊力的方法: 1)借助測力矩扳手或定力矩扳手)借助測力矩扳手或定力矩扳手 2)測定螺栓伸長量)測定螺栓伸長量機械工程專業(yè)英語L機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語預(yù)備知識預(yù)備知識 一、預(yù)備知識一、預(yù)備知識Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 3、螺紋的防松、螺紋的防松u螺紋升角小于螺旋副的當量摩擦角螺紋升角小于螺旋副的當量摩擦角 :自鎖性好:自鎖性好u螺母與螺栓頭部等支承面上的摩擦力螺母與螺栓頭部等支承面上的摩擦力u摩擦防松:鎖緊螺母、彈簧墊圈、自鎖螺母摩擦防松:鎖緊螺母、彈簧墊圈、自鎖螺母u機械防松:開口銷與槽形螺母、止動墊
28、圈機械防松:開口銷與槽形螺母、止動墊圈u鉚沖防松:端鉚、沖點鉚沖防松:端鉚、沖點機械工程專業(yè)英語L詞詞 匯匯 二、詞匯二、詞匯screw 螺釘、螺紋螺釘、螺紋 bolt 螺栓螺栓 nut 螺母螺母 stud bolt 雙頭螺栓雙頭螺栓 washer 墊圈墊圈 thread 螺紋螺紋機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語L課文分析課文分析機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints Typical methods of fastening and
29、 joining parts include the use of such items as bolts, nuts, cap screws, setscrews, rivets, locking devices and keys. Parts may also be joined by welding, brazing, or clipping together. Studies in engineering graphics and in metal processes often include instruction on various joining methods, and t
30、he curiosity of any person interested in engineering naturally results in acquisition of a good background of fastening methods. 機械工程專業(yè)英語LTypical methods of fastening and joining parts include the use of such items as bolts, nuts, cap screws, setscrews, rivets, locking devices and keys.課文分析課文分析典型的緊固
31、件和聯(lián)接件包括諸如螺栓、螺帽、有頭典型的緊固件和聯(lián)接件包括諸如螺栓、螺帽、有頭螺釘、緊定螺釘、鉚釘、鎖緊裝置和鍵。螺釘、緊定螺釘、鉚釘、鎖緊裝置和鍵。 Parts may also be joined by welding, brazing, or clipping together. 零件聯(lián)接也可以用熔焊、銅焊和夾緊的方法。零件聯(lián)接也可以用熔焊、銅焊和夾緊的方法。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語LStudies in engineering graphics and in metal proces
32、ses often include instruction on various joining methods, and the curiosity of any person interested in engineering naturally results in acquisition of a good background of fastening methods. 課文分析課文分析在工程圖和金屬加工工藝研究中常常包括關(guān)于各種在工程圖和金屬加工工藝研究中常常包括關(guān)于各種聯(lián)接方法的說明,在工程上對此很感興趣的,求知聯(lián)接方法的說明,在工程上對此很感興趣的,求知欲強的任何人自然會獲得關(guān)
33、于固緊方法上良好的基欲強的任何人自然會獲得關(guān)于固緊方法上良好的基礎(chǔ)知識。礎(chǔ)知識。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語L課文分析課文分析機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints If an uninformed person were asked to choose the dullest and most uninteresting subject in mechanical design that he could imagine,
34、he might well choose the subject of fasteners, that is, nuts and bolts. In fact, the term “nuts and bolts” is synonymous with hard and monotonous work, necessary but totally uninteresting tasks. Could one seriously imagine a group of nut and bolt manufacturers organizing an association and getting t
35、ogether for annual meeting? What subject could possibly be of any interest? 機械工程專業(yè)英語LIf an uninformed person were asked to choose the dullest and most uninteresting subject in mechanical design that he could imagine, he might well choose the subject of fasteners, that is, nuts and bolts. 課文分析課文分析如果讓
36、一個對緊固件不甚了解的人去選擇他能想象如果讓一個對緊固件不甚了解的人去選擇他能想象的機械設(shè)計方面最枯燥無味的學(xué)科的話,那么他就的機械設(shè)計方面最枯燥無味的學(xué)科的話,那么他就會選擇緊固件學(xué)科,即螺栓和螺帽。會選擇緊固件學(xué)科,即螺栓和螺帽。 In fact, the term “nuts and bolts” is synonymous with hard and monotonous work, necessary but totally uninteresting tasks. 事實上,術(shù)語事實上,術(shù)語“螺栓和螺帽螺栓和螺帽”是與艱苦、單是與艱苦、單調(diào)的工作同義,乏味但必須的工作。調(diào)的工作同義,
37、乏味但必須的工作。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語LCould one seriously imagine a group of nut and bolt manufacturers organizing an association and getting together for annual meeting? What subject could possibly be of any interest? 課文分析課文分析可以認真地設(shè)想有一群螺栓螺帽制造者組成一個協(xié)可以認真地設(shè)想有一群螺栓螺帽制
38、造者組成一個協(xié)會并在一起召開年會嗎?那么還有什么學(xué)科不能讓會并在一起召開年會嗎?那么還有什么學(xué)科不能讓人感興趣呢?人感興趣呢? In spite of this taint, the subject is one of the most interesting in the entire field of mechanical design. 盡管存在這一偏見,但是這一學(xué)科在機械設(shè)計整個盡管存在這一偏見,但是這一學(xué)科在機械設(shè)計整個領(lǐng)域中卻是最使人感興趣的學(xué)科之一。領(lǐng)域中卻是最使人感興趣的學(xué)科之一。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and
39、joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語LThe number of new inventions in the fastener field over any period you might care to mention has been tremendous. 課文分析課文分析在緊固件領(lǐng)域新發(fā)明的數(shù)目巨大超過你能注意到的在緊固件領(lǐng)域新發(fā)明的數(shù)目巨大超過你能注意到的任何時期任何時期There is an overwhelming variety of fasteners available for the designers selection. 數(shù)不勝數(shù)的緊固件可供設(shè)計者任意選擇使用。數(shù)不勝數(shù)的
40、緊固件可供設(shè)計者任意選擇使用。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語LAnother thing: did you know that a good bolt material should be strong and tough, but a good nut material should be soft and ductile? 課文分析課文分析還有,你知道嗎?好的螺栓的材料應(yīng)該是堅固而有還有,你知道嗎?好的螺栓的材料應(yīng)該是堅固而有韌性,而好的螺帽的材料應(yīng)該是軟而有塑性的。韌性,而好的螺帽的材料應(yīng)該
41、是軟而有塑性的。 Or did you know that there are certain applications where you should tighten the bolt as tightly as possible and, if it does not fail by twisting the bolt in two during tightening, there is a very good possibility that the bolt never will fail? 或者你知道嗎或者你知道嗎?在某些應(yīng)用中你應(yīng)該盡可能地把它們在某些應(yīng)用中你應(yīng)該盡可能地把它們旋
42、緊,如果在上緊過程中,由于旋緊這螺栓過程中旋緊,如果在上緊過程中,由于旋緊這螺栓過程中而未發(fā)生失效現(xiàn)象,那么螺栓將可能永遠不會失效。而未發(fā)生失效現(xiàn)象,那么螺栓將可能永遠不會失效。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語LIn the material to follow you will discover the why of these questions. You will learn why a nut or bolt loosens and what you must do to keep it t
43、ight. 課文分析課文分析在下面的文字中你將發(fā)現(xiàn)這些問題的原因。你將掌在下面的文字中你將發(fā)現(xiàn)這些問題的原因。你將掌握螺栓、螺帽為什么會松動和你必須怎樣令它保持握螺栓、螺帽為什么會松動和你必須怎樣令它保持旋緊狀態(tài)。旋緊狀態(tài)。 Methods of joining parts are extremely important in the engineering of a quality design, and it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the performance of fasteners and joints un
44、der all conditions of use and design. 聯(lián)接件的聯(lián)接方法在保證工程設(shè)計質(zhì)量方面是極端聯(lián)接件的聯(lián)接方法在保證工程設(shè)計質(zhì)量方面是極端重要的。在設(shè)計和使用的各種情況下,充分了解緊重要的。在設(shè)計和使用的各種情況下,充分了解緊固件和聯(lián)接件的性能那是必要的。固件和聯(lián)接件的性能那是必要的。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語LJumbo jets such as Boeings 747 and Lockheeds 1011 require as many as 2.5 millio
45、n fasteners, some of which cost several dollars apiece. 課文分析課文分析大型噴氣發(fā)動機客機像被音大型噴氣發(fā)動機客機像被音747和洛克希德和洛克希德1011,需,需要要250萬個緊固件,有些每個要花數(shù)美元。萬個緊固件,有些每個要花數(shù)美元。 The 747, for example, needs about 70,000 titanium fasteners, costing about $150,000 in all; 400,000 other close-tolerance fasteners, costing about $250,0
46、00; and 30,000 squeeze rivets priced at 50 cents each, installed. 例如波音例如波音747,大約需要裝,大約需要裝70000個鈦合金緊固件,個鈦合金緊固件,全部大約要花全部大約要花150000美元;美元;400000個具有精密公差個具有精密公差的其他緊固件,大約要花的其他緊固件,大約要花250000美元;和美元;和30000個個擠壓用鉚釘,安裝后每個價值擠壓用鉚釘,安裝后每個價值50美分。美分。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語LTo k
47、eep cost down, Boeing, Lockheed, and their subcontractors constantly review new fastener designs, installation techniques, and tooling. 課文分析課文分析為了降低成本,波音、洛克希德和他們的承包商不為了降低成本,波音、洛克希德和他們的承包商不斷重新審查緊固件的設(shè)計、安裝和切削加工。斷重新審查緊固件的設(shè)計、安裝和切削加工。 Cost-saving designs and tooling will find a ready market, which will gr
48、ow in value as jumbo jets proliferate. 節(jié)省的設(shè)計和加工成本將開發(fā)一個暢銷市場,增長節(jié)省的設(shè)計和加工成本將開發(fā)一個暢銷市場,增長的價值那將像坐上噴氣式飛機一樣。的價值那將像坐上噴氣式飛機一樣。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints pru5lifreitvi. 激增激增; 繁殖繁殖; 增增生生機械工程專業(yè)英語LFasteners are named according to how they are intended to be used rather than how they ar
49、e actually employed in specific instances. 課文分析課文分析緊固件是根據(jù)將如何使用他們來命名的,而不是根緊固件是根據(jù)將如何使用他們來命名的,而不是根據(jù)其在具體例子中的實際應(yīng)用命名的。據(jù)其在具體例子中的實際應(yīng)用命名的。 If this basic fact is remembered, it will not be difficult to distinguish between a screw and a bolt. 如果記住了這個基本事實,就將不難區(qū)別螺釘和螺如果記住了這個基本事實,就將不難區(qū)別螺釘和螺栓。栓。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Les
50、son 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語LIf a product is designed so that its primary purpose is assembly into a tapped hole, it is a screw. Thus a screw is tightened by exerting torque on the head. If a product is designed so that it is intended to be used with a nut, it is a bolt. 課文分析課文分析如果所設(shè)
51、計的產(chǎn)品其主要目的是把它裝入到已攻絲如果所設(shè)計的產(chǎn)品其主要目的是把它裝入到已攻絲的螺紋孔中,那就是螺釘。這樣螺釘是要在螺釘頭的螺紋孔中,那就是螺釘。這樣螺釘是要在螺釘頭上施加扭矩來旋緊的。如果所設(shè)計的產(chǎn)品打算跟螺上施加扭矩來旋緊的。如果所設(shè)計的產(chǎn)品打算跟螺母配合使用,那就是螺栓。母配合使用,那就是螺栓。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語LA bolt is tightened by exerting torque on the nut. A stud resembles a threaded rod;
52、 one end assembles into a tapped hole, the other end receives a nut. 課文分析課文分析螺栓是靠在螺母上施加扭矩來旋緊的。雙頭螺栓就螺栓是靠在螺母上施加扭矩來旋緊的。雙頭螺栓就像刻了螺紋的桿,一端旋入螺紋孔中,另一端再裝像刻了螺紋的桿,一端旋入螺紋孔中,另一端再裝上螺帽。上螺帽。It is the intent, rather than the actual use, which determines the name of a product. 因而根據(jù)使用的目的來確定產(chǎn)品名稱,并不是根據(jù)因而根據(jù)使用的目的來確定產(chǎn)品名稱,并不
53、是根據(jù)其實際使用來命名的。其實際使用來命名的。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語LThus it may be desirable on various occasions to use a drill to drill a hole through two sheets of steel, say, and joint them using a screw and a nut. 課文分析課文分析這樣,在各種場合用鉆頭給兩塊鋼板鉆通孔,人們這樣,在各種場合用鉆頭給兩塊鋼板鉆通孔,人們就會用螺栓和螺帽來
54、連接它們,這可能是人們所希就會用螺栓和螺帽來連接它們,這可能是人們所希望的。望的。 There are four forms of head most commonly used with cap screw: hexagon head, fillister head, flat head and hexagon socket head. 有帽螺釘最常用的四種螺釘頭的形式是:六角頭,有帽螺釘最常用的四種螺釘頭的形式是:六角頭,槽頭,平頭和內(nèi)六角沉頭。槽頭,平頭和內(nèi)六角沉頭。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專
55、業(yè)英語LWhen a connection is desired which can be disassembled without destructing the parts assembled and which is strong enough to resist both external tensile load and shear load, or a combination of these, then the simple bolted joint using hardened washers is a good solution. 課文分析課文分析當需要一個螺紋聯(lián)接即可以拆開
56、又不破壞被聯(lián)接件,當需要一個螺紋聯(lián)接即可以拆開又不破壞被聯(lián)接件,而且這個聯(lián)接又要有足夠的強度以承受外拉力和剪而且這個聯(lián)接又要有足夠的強度以承受外拉力和剪力或這兩種力的合力時,使用帶淬火墊圈的簡單螺力或這兩種力的合力時,使用帶淬火墊圈的簡單螺栓聯(lián)接是一個很好的解決方法。栓聯(lián)接是一個很好的解決方法。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語LIn such a joint the bolt has first been tightened to produce an initial tensile preload
57、, after which the external tensile load and the external shear load are applied. 課文分析課文分析在這種螺紋聯(lián)接中,首先把螺栓上緊以產(chǎn)生一預(yù)緊在這種螺紋聯(lián)接中,首先把螺栓上緊以產(chǎn)生一預(yù)緊載荷初拉力,而后施加外拉力載荷和剪切載荷。載荷初拉力,而后施加外拉力載荷和剪切載荷。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語LThe effect of the preload is to place the parts in compressi
58、on for better resistance to the external tensile load and to create friction between the parts to resist the shear load. 課文分析課文分析預(yù)載荷的作用是使被連接件處于壓應(yīng)力狀態(tài)以更好預(yù)載荷的作用是使被連接件處于壓應(yīng)力狀態(tài)以更好地抵抗外部拉伸載荷和產(chǎn)生摩擦力以抵抗剪切載荷。地抵抗外部拉伸載荷和產(chǎn)生摩擦力以抵抗剪切載荷。The importance of preloading of bolts cannot be overestimated. A high preload imp
59、roves both the fatigue resistance of a bolted connection and the locking effect. 螺栓預(yù)加載荷的重要性不能被過高地估計。較高預(yù)螺栓預(yù)加載荷的重要性不能被過高地估計。較高預(yù)載荷即提高螺栓聯(lián)接的抗疲勞能力又改善鎖緊作用。載荷即提高螺栓聯(lián)接的抗疲勞能力又改善鎖緊作用。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fasteners and joints 機械工程專業(yè)英語LHaving learned that a high preload is very desirable in importan
60、t bolted connections, we must next consider means of assuring that the preload is actually developed when the parts are assembled. 課文分析課文分析已經(jīng)知道:高預(yù)載荷在重要的螺栓聯(lián)接中是非常希已經(jīng)知道:高預(yù)載荷在重要的螺栓聯(lián)接中是非常希望的。下一步我們要考慮的是,當要裝配零件時,望的。下一步我們要考慮的是,當要裝配零件時,如何確保設(shè)計情況下該預(yù)載荷的產(chǎn)生。如何確保設(shè)計情況下該預(yù)載荷的產(chǎn)生。 機械工程專業(yè)英語機械工程專業(yè)英語Lesson 19 Screws, fast
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