英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣自主學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、2012-2013學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)學(xué)案 編寫人：張瑞利 尤利亞 審核人： 審批人： 編號(hào)： 使用時(shí)間： 2012. 班級(jí)： 小組： 姓名： 組內(nèi)評(píng)價(jià)學(xué) 案 裝 訂 線 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣自主學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案 【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1. 扎實(shí)掌握英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法，提升自己的理解力。2. 自主學(xué)習(xí)，合作探究；學(xué)會(huì)分析與總結(jié)的方法，并能學(xué)以致用。3. 激情投入，瘋狂記憶，體驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)的快樂?！臼褂谜f明及學(xué)法指導(dǎo)】1. 老師引領(lǐng)學(xué)生積極動(dòng)腦思考，結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)自主構(gòu)建關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣的知識(shí)體系。2. 探究總結(jié)疑難點(diǎn)并學(xué)以致用。 3. 分兩階段完成，每階段完成時(shí)間40分鐘?！痉謱诱f明】a層全部掌

2、握本學(xué)案內(nèi)容b層掌握帶及內(nèi)容c層掌握帶內(nèi)容 【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣】一基本概念：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也屬于助動(dòng)詞，是英語(yǔ)中的一種特殊動(dòng)詞，不可以在句中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分，而是與不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式一起使用，表示說話人對(duì)所談及的動(dòng)作和事物的態(tài)度及看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法 （一）can與could1) 表示能力?！澳?、能夠、會(huì)”he could play the piano at the age of 6.他在六歲時(shí)就會(huì)彈鋼琴了。(2). 表示推測(cè)、“可能性”：can 表“可能”時(shí)，一般用于_句或_句。eg：-can the news be true? -

3、it can't be true . eg：he can not have read the book .(3).用于肯定句時(shí)表示理論上的“可能性”,可翻譯為“有時(shí)會(huì)”；could 則不受此限。anybody can make mistakes .（4）表示“請(qǐng)求”和“允許”：can 與 could 可用于請(qǐng)求對(duì)方“許可”，其中could 較為婉轉(zhuǎn)，更有禮貌；給予“許可”時(shí)可用 can, 但不用could。-can i smoke here?-no, you can't.(5). 表示驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。主要用于疑問句、否定句中。how can you be so imp

4、olite? how can you say that?（6）與can有關(guān)的固定搭配： cant be too + adj. 無論怎樣都不過分。you cant be too careful . 翻譯：_ cant do sth .+too +adv. 無論怎樣做都不過分。we cant study too hard . 翻譯：_高考鏈接：just be patient .you _ expect the world to change so soon .a. cant b. neednt c. may not d. will not(二) may 與might（1）may 表"允許

5、""許可""允諾"（征詢對(duì)方許可,多與第一人稱連用）。may i use your bike? you may keep the book for 2 weeks .注意：(1)其否定形式may not表示不可以，但更常用must not來代替may not表示"不可以"，"禁止"。-may i watch tv after supper?-yes, you may.(no, you _ . / no, you'd better not.)(2) 表推測(cè)，"可能"，用于肯定句和

6、否定句。the news may be true ，but im not sure .he may not be at home now.he might have gone to nanjing with professor wang last week ,but he was ill .(3)may not 與cannot的區(qū)別： may not"可能不"，cannot "不可能"。比較翻譯：the news may not be true._the news can't be true . _(4).表祝愿may you be happy!

7、 may you have a pleasant journey! （5）特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：may/might as well do sth ._may/ might well do sth. 很可能干某事（三）must（1）寫出下列句子中must的意義：1. everyone must attend the lecture. （ ）2. you mustn't lend it to others. （ ）3. you must be hungry after the long walk. （ ）4. he must have gone to beijing yesterday. （ ）5.

8、why must you be so stubborn (固執(zhí)的)? ( )(2)歸納總結(jié)：1.句1、句2中must表示_ ，多用于肯定句。2.句3、句4中must表示_ ，一般只用于_句 。3.句5中must表示_ ，多指做令人不快的事。（3）must與have to 的區(qū)別：1. must表說話人的主觀看法，而have to表客觀需要。2.must只有一種形式而have to有更多的形式have to, has to ,had to ,will have to 等等。 知識(shí)運(yùn)用：用must或have to填空：i _ stay at home last night ,for my fath

9、er was ill. i thought i _ go there.（四）should與ought to（1）觀察思考：體會(huì)下列句子中should的用法：1. you should do what your parents tell you. 2. its 4:30. they should be in new york by now. 3. i suggest that you should stay here as if nothing had happened.4. should it rain tomorrow ,we wont go for a picnic .5. how sho

10、uld i know?6. im sorry that you should think so badly of me. (2) 歸納總結(jié)：1.句1中should表示_ 。2.句2中should表示_ ,一般表示按理應(yīng)該會(huì)發(fā)生什么 。3. 句3、句4中should用在某些從句中，表示_ 。其中，句3中的should意為：應(yīng)該 ；句4中的should意為：萬一。4. 句5、句6中的should表惋惜、憂慮、歡樂、驚訝等感情色彩，常用在以why, how開頭的疑問句中，也可用于that從句中。翻譯成“竟然”。（3）ought to的用法與should基本類似。（五）shall（1）觀察思考：體會(huì)下

11、列句子中shall的用法：1. shall i get you some coffee, miss fleure? 2. you shall have my answer tomorrow. 3. candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 試卷完全收回后，應(yīng)試人才能離開座位。4. let's go to the park, shall we?(2) 歸納總結(jié)：1.句1中shall用在第一、三人稱的疑問句中表示_。2.句2中在陳述句中表示說話者給對(duì)方的_、 _ 、_、_

12、等語(yǔ)氣。3.句3中shall表示在法令、條約、規(guī)章中，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”。4. let's 引導(dǎo)的反義疑問句，用shall we?，思考：let us開頭的句子變反問句用_反問？（六）will與would（1）觀察思考：體會(huì)下列句子中will或would的用法：1. she asked if i would go with them.2. if you will allow me, i will see you home.3. will would you please post the letter for me?4. id like love to have a look at i

13、t.5. oil will float on water. 油總是浮在水上6. he would sit there for hours sometimes doing nothing at all.(2) 歸納總結(jié)：1.句1、句2中would和will表示_ 。2.句3中would和will表示_,經(jīng)常與第_人稱連用 。3.句4中would有時(shí)用于提出想法，通常與like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等連用。4. 句5、句6中表示習(xí)慣和傾向性，will表示_的習(xí)慣，would表示_的習(xí)慣（七）need與dare（1）觀察思考：體會(huì)下列句子中ne

14、ed作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法：1. he needn't worry about it.2. you needn't have mentioned it你本來不必提起這件事。 3. need i go with her? 我需要和他一起去嗎？ -yes, you must. 是的，你需要去。 -no, you needn't. 不，你不必去.(2) 歸納總結(jié)：1.句1、句2中need表示_，通常用于_句,疑問句,條件句 。2.句3中注意：need一般疑問句的答語(yǔ)，肯定回答用_，否定回答用_。（3）觀察思考：翻譯下列句子：（其中need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）：1. the door ne

15、eds painting. = the door needs to be painted._ .2. you need to take good care of your mother._ .(4) 歸納總結(jié)：1.句1、句2中當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，其后跟的動(dòng)詞形式有兩種：_或_ ,有類似用法的詞還有_ _ .（5）觀察思考：dare 可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如： how dare you say i'm unfair. he daren't speak english before such a crow

16、d, dare he? dare也常用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，所不同的是，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接帶to .i dare to swim across this river. he does not dare (to) answer. i dare say 是習(xí)慣說法(用于肯定句)，并不一定要譯為“我敢說”，它所表示的是一種不肯定的語(yǔ)氣，常譯為“大概”、“我想”等： i dare say (that) you are right. 我想你是對(duì)的。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣一 基本概念：虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念：虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種

17、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)。二 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)： 1、條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；2、條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；5、虛擬語(yǔ)氣與陳述語(yǔ)氣的判定。三虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本用法：（一） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件從句中：（1）、在條件從句中 (叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實(shí)相反的條件。分三種情況(以 do 為例)：表示與事實(shí)情況相反條件從句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式表示現(xiàn)在情況過去式(did)(be常用 were)would / could / might /

18、should +動(dòng)詞原形(do)表示過去情況過去完成式(had +done上面4個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done表示將來情況過去式 (did)should + do were to do4個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + do例句1.if you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。(與_事實(shí)相反)2. if it _ sunny tomorrow, i would come to see you. 明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。(與將來事實(shí)可能相反)3. if i were you, i _ at

19、once. 假如我是你的話，我會(huì)馬上走。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，事實(shí)上我不可能是你)(2)省略 if 的條件從句:規(guī)律點(diǎn)撥：當(dāng)從句中有 were, had 或 should 時(shí)，可省略if ，而把它們放在句首。小試牛刀：將下面兩個(gè)句子變成倒裝句： if i were to meet him tomorrow, i should ask him about it._ , i should ask him about it. if he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again._ , he would try again.(

20、3) 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的條件句 即從句與主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同。此時(shí)，需要按時(shí)間來確定虛擬形式。如：1. if they had studied hard, they _ it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，現(xiàn)在干的就會(huì)容易些。 2. if he _ my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不聽取我的建議，他就不會(huì)干得這樣好。 （二） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用：（1）賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：1、記住：這些動(dòng)詞后面接的賓語(yǔ)從句：表示 建議(suggest, advice, propose, recomm

21、end) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)，堅(jiān)持（insist）等。其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用should + do 構(gòu)成, should 可以省略。eg：he ordered that the students _(wash) the clothes every week by themselves。2、 wish接賓語(yǔ)從句有三種情況： 1) 現(xiàn)在：用過去式(did/were) 2) 過去：用過去完成式 (had done) 3) 將來：用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(would / could) + doeg: i wish i _ 30

22、 years younger.我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。i wish (that) you _ a good job.我希望你能找到一個(gè)好職業(yè)。he wished he _ it.他想要是他沒這樣做該多好。3. 記?。篿nsist / suggest 各有兩種意思，要用不同的語(yǔ)氣 insist 表示“堅(jiān)決要求干某事”時(shí)，用虛擬形式，即 should + do;insist 表示“堅(jiān)稱，堅(jiān)持說一個(gè)事實(shí)”時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示事實(shí)。 suggest 表示“建議”時(shí)，用虛擬形式。suggest 表示“表明、暗示”時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。eg: the teacher suggested that we _( c

23、lean) the blackboard after class. 老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。 he insisted that all of us _there on time by any means. 他堅(jiān)持要我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那兒。 he insisted that he _(be) right.4. 在would (had) rather(寧愿) 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中:當(dāng)從句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r(shí)間時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般過去時(shí);表示過去時(shí)間時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。i would rather he _(come) tomorrow than today.（2）主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：在

24、句型 “it is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形 eg：its necessary that we _ a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。 its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。（3）表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：主句的主語(yǔ)常是表示說話人愿望(wish / desire)、建議(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command

25、)等的名詞，表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 (should) + do.eg：our suggestion is that you _(be) there on time.（4）同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞常是表示說話人愿望、建議、要求、命令等的名詞。eg: the suggestion that students _(learn) something practical is worth considering.(三)虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的幾個(gè)特例：（1）在as if 從句中，常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成式 (had done).1.as if 連接表語(yǔ)從

26、句 she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起來似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he _(sleep) for two days.2 、as if 連接方式狀語(yǔ)從句。 she looked after the boy as if he _(be) her own son. 她照顧這男孩就像自己的兒子一樣。he speaks to us as if he _( be ) there. 他給我們講的好象他去過那兒。 (2). if only 意為：若是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)

27、 eg:if only i _ （arrive） in time!if only i _(be)a bird flying in the sky ! 比較only if：只有，此結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)是“only +狀語(yǔ)+部分倒裝”結(jié)構(gòu)。eg：only if we study hard can we succeed .(3) its (high/right) time that意為：“是該干某事的時(shí)候了”。that 從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：謂語(yǔ)用過去時(shí)或should + do 。 its time that you _(leave) here.(4) 一些介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞, 如:but for(要不是), with

28、out, otherwise(否則)(一般是otherwise后的謂語(yǔ)用would have done.), 表示含蓄的條件,這時(shí)主句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)一般是用would have done.，but for和without后面通常加短語(yǔ)。eg: without your help, we _(make) such rapid progress.eg: i was ill that day, otherwise i _(take) part in the sports meet. 那天我病了，否則我會(huì)去參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的。exercises1. alan _ the party if he had

29、gone to london. a. would have missed b. had missedc. would miss d. missed2. if i knew you were coming, i _ you at the airport. a. had met b. met c. would meet d. would have met3. if only i _ to my parents! (but i didnt.) a. listened b. had listened c. should listen d. would listen4. tom suggested th

30、at ann _ the house. a. sell b. sold c. shall sell d. would sell5. i wish this bus _ to the university. a. go b. went c. has gone d. had gone6. simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽), though his parents feed him very well. a. get b. getting c. got d. should get7. he is talking so much ab

31、out america as if he _ there. a. had been b. were c. was d. been8. i _ you some money, but i hadnt got any then.a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent9. have you ever been to beijing? - no, but i wish i _. a. have b. will c. do d. had10. i dont think it is the right time tha

32、t you _. a. will go b. went c. go d. must go11.- do you mind if i leave the window open? - well, id rather you _ . a. dontb. didntc. wontd. mustnt12. its half past eleven. its high time _ home. a. well b. wed c. were going d. we went13.how i wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!

33、 (02 上海) a. hasb. hadc. will haved. had had14. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken15. his suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. a. try b. tries c. must try d. can try16. is it necessary that he _ the

34、 examination? a. takesb. has to takec. must taked. take17. the teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock.a. finished b. be finished c. should finish d. finish18. what would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? a. bob had walked fartherb. if bob should walk fartherc. had bob walked farth

35、erd. if bob walked farther【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】1.-hows your newbaby-sitter? - we _ ask for a better one. all our kids love her so much. (浙江 11) a.should b.might c.mustn't d. couldn't2. i _ through that bitter period without your generous help. ( 陜西 22) a. couldnt have gone b. didnt go c. wouldnt go d. hadn

36、t gone3. i dont really like james. why did you invite him? dont worry. he _ come. he said he wasnt certain what his plans were（北京24 ） a. must not b. need not c. would not d. might4. if you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. (遼寧 21) a. can b. may c. must d. will5. mark have hurried. after d

37、riving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. a. neednt b. wouldnt c. mustnt d. couldnt （2010天津）6. teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2010福建) a. not allow b. do not allow c. mustnt allow d. couldnt allow7. -i havent got the reference book

38、 yet, but ill have a rest on the subject next month. -dont worry. you _ have it by friday. （2010江蘇） a. could b. shall c. must d. may8. -john went to the hospital alone. -if he me about it, i would have gone with him. （2010天津） a. should tell b. tells c. told d. had told9. - why didnt you come to simons party last night? - i want to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night. a. could b. might c. would d. should (重慶 25)10. where are the children? the dinners going to be completely ruined. i wish they always late. （北京28） a. werent b. hadnt been c. wouldnt be d. wouldnt ha