數(shù)據(jù)庫重要術(shù)語(中英文)

1、單詞匯總（數(shù)據(jù)庫專業(yè)一點(diǎn)的詞匯其實(shí)主要就是每章后面review items的內(nèi)容，在這里簡單列一下，如果你實(shí)在沒時(shí)間看書，至少這些單詞要認(rèn)識。）：1. 數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)：database system(DS),database management system(DBMS)2. 數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)（DS），數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)（DBMS）3. 關(guān)系和關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫 table= relation，column = attribute屬性，domain, atomic domain, row= tuple，relational database, relation schema, relation instance,

2、database schema, database instance;4. 表=關(guān)系，列=屬性屬性，域，原子域，排=元組，關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫，關(guān)系模式，關(guān)系實(shí)例，數(shù)據(jù)庫模式，數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)例;1. key們: super key, candidate key, primary key, foreign key, referencing relation, referenced relation;2. 超碼，候選碼，主碼，外碼，參照關(guān)系，被參照關(guān)系5. 關(guān)系代數(shù)(relational algebra)：selection, project, natural join, Cartesian product,

3、set operations, union, intersect, set difference ( exceptminus), Rename, assignment, outer join, grouping, tuple relation calculus6. （關(guān)系代數(shù)）：選擇，項(xiàng)目，自然連接，笛卡爾積，集合運(yùn)算，集，交集，集合差（除負(fù)），重命名，分配，外連接，分組，元組關(guān)系演算7. sql組成：DDL：數(shù)據(jù)庫模式定義語言，關(guān)鍵字：createDML：數(shù)據(jù)操縱語言，關(guān)鍵字：Insert、delete、updateDCL：數(shù)據(jù)庫控制語言 ，關(guān)鍵字：grant、removeDQL：數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢

4、語言，關(guān)鍵字：select8.3. SQL語言： DDL， DML，DCL，QL，sql query structure, aggregate functions, nested subqueries, exists(as an operator), unique(as an operator), scalar subquery, assertion, index(indices), catalogs, authorization, all privileges, granting, revoking, grant option, trigger, stored procedure, stor

5、ed function 4. SQL語言：DDL，DML，DCL，QL，SQL查詢結(jié)構(gòu)，聚合函數(shù)，嵌套子查詢，存在（如運(yùn)營商），獨(dú)特的（如運(yùn)營商），標(biāo)量子查詢，斷言指數(shù)（指數(shù)），目錄，授權(quán)，所有權(quán)限，授予，撤銷，GRANT OPTION，觸發(fā)器，存儲過程，存儲函數(shù) 9. 表結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)：Integrity constraints, domain constraints, referential integrity constraints10. 完整性約束，域名約束，參照完整性約束5. 數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計(jì)(ER 模型)： Entity-Relationship data model, ER diagram,

6、 composite attribute, single-valued and multivalued attribute, derived attribute, binary relationship set, degree of relationship set, mapping cardinality, 1-1, 1-m, m-n relationship set (one to one, one to many, many to many), participation, partial or total participation, weak entity sets, discrim

7、inator attributes, specialization and generalization6. 實(shí)體關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)模型，ER圖，復(fù)合屬性，單值和多值屬性，派生屬性，二元關(guān)系集，關(guān)系集，映射基數(shù)的程度，1-1，1-米，MN關(guān)系集合（一對一，一對多，多對多），參與部分或全部參與，弱實(shí)體集，分辨符屬性，特化和概化11. 函數(shù)依賴?yán)碚摚篺unctional dependence, normalization, lossless join (or lossless) decomposition, First Normal Form (1NF), the third normal form (3N

8、F), Boyce-codd normal form (BCNF), R satisfies F, F holds on R, Dependency preservation保持依賴, Trivial, closure of a set of functional dependencies函數(shù)依賴集的閉包, closure of a set of attributes屬性集閉包, Armstrongs axioms Armstrong公理, reflexivity rule自反律, augmentation rule，增廣率, transitivity傳遞律, restriction of F

9、 to Ri ，F(xiàn)在Ri上的限定，canonical cover正則覆蓋, extraneous attributes無關(guān)屬性, decomposition algorithm分解算法. 7. 函數(shù)依賴，規(guī)范化，無損連接（或無損）分解，第一范式（1NF），第三范式（3NF）BC范式（BCNF），R滿足F，F(xiàn)持有R，依賴保存，平凡，一組函數(shù)依賴封閉，一組屬性，8. 事務(wù)：transition, ACID properties ACID特性,并發(fā)控制系統(tǒng)concurrency control system,故障恢復(fù)系統(tǒng) recovery system,事務(wù)狀態(tài) transition state,

10、活動(dòng)的active, 部分提交的partially committed, 失敗的failed, 中止的aborted, 提交的committed,已結(jié)束的 terminated, 調(diào)度schedule,操作沖突 conflict of operations, 沖突等價(jià)conflict equivalence,沖突可串行化 conflict serializablity,可串行化順序 serializablity order,聯(lián)級回滾 cascading rollback,封鎖協(xié)議 locking protocol,共享（S）鎖 shared-mode lock (S-lock),排他（X）鎖

11、exclusive-mode lock (X-lock), 相容性compatibility, 兩階段封鎖協(xié)議2-phase locking protocol, 意向鎖intention lock, 時(shí)間戳timestamp, 恢復(fù)機(jī)制recovery scheme,日志 log, 基于日志的恢復(fù)log-based recovery, 延遲的修改deferred modification, 立即的修改immediate modification, 檢查點(diǎn)checkpoint.數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)DBS Database System數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用 Database system applications

12、文件處理系統(tǒng) file-processing system數(shù)據(jù)不一致性data inconsistency一致性約束 consistency constraint數(shù)據(jù)抽象 Data Abstraction實(shí)例 instance模式 schema物理模式 physical schema邏輯模式 logical schema物理數(shù)據(jù)獨(dú)立性 physical data independence數(shù)據(jù)模型 data model實(shí)體-聯(lián)系模型 entity-relationship model（E-R）關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)模型relational data model基于對象的數(shù)據(jù)模型 object-based da

13、ta model半結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)模型 semistructured data model數(shù)據(jù)庫語言 database language數(shù)據(jù)定義語言 data-definition language數(shù)據(jù)操縱語言 data-manipulation language查詢語言 query language元數(shù)據(jù) metadata 應(yīng)用程序 application program規(guī)范化 normalization數(shù)據(jù)字典 data dictionary存儲管理器 storage manager查詢管理器 query processor事務(wù) transaction原子性 atomicity故障恢復(fù) fail

14、ure recovery并發(fā)控制 concurrency-control兩層和三層數(shù)據(jù)庫體系結(jié)構(gòu) two-tier/three-tier數(shù)據(jù)挖掘 data mining數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員DBA database administrator表 table 關(guān)系 relation 元組 tuple空值 null value數(shù)據(jù)庫模式 database schema數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)例 database instance關(guān)系模式 relation schema關(guān)系實(shí)例 relation instance碼 keys 超碼 super key候選碼 candidate key主碼 primary key外碼 fore

15、ign key 參照關(guān)系 referencing relation 被參照關(guān)系 referenced relation屬性 attribute域domain原子域 atomic domain參照完整性約束 referential integrity constraint模式圖 schema diagram查詢語言 query language過程化語言 procedural language 非過程化語言 nonprocedural language關(guān)系運(yùn)算 operations on relations 選擇元組 selection of tuples 選擇屬性 selection of a

16、ttributes 自然連接 natural join 笛卡爾積 Cartesian product 集合運(yùn)算 set operations關(guān)系代數(shù) relational algebraSQL查詢語言 SQL query structure Select 字句 select clause From 字句 from clause Where 字句 where clause自然連接運(yùn)算 natural join operationAs字句 as clauseOrder by 字句 order by clause相關(guān)名稱 (相關(guān)變量，元組變量) correlation name （correlati

17、on variable，tuple variable）集合運(yùn)算 set operations Union Interest Except空值 null values 真值 “unknown”truth “unknown”聚集函數(shù) aggregate functionsavg，min，max，sum，countgroup byhaving嵌套子查詢 nested subqueries集合比較 set comparisons，=，=some，allexistsuniquelateral字句 lateral clausewith字句 with clause標(biāo)量子查詢 scalar subquery數(shù)

18、據(jù)庫修改 database modification 刪除 deletion 插入 insertion 更新 updating參照完整性 referential integrity參照完整性約束 referential integrity constraint 或子集依賴 subset dependency可延遲的 deferrable斷言 assertion連接類型 join types 內(nèi)連接和外連接 inner and outer join 左外連接、右外連接和全外連接 left 、right and full outer join Natural 連接條件、using連接條件和on連接

19、條件 natural using and so on視圖定義 view definition物化視圖 materialized views視圖更新 view update事務(wù) transactions 提交 commit work 回滾 roll back work 原子事務(wù) atomic transaction完整性約束 integrity constraints域約束 domain constraints唯一性約束 unique constraintCheck 字句 check clause參照完整性 referential integrity 級聯(lián)刪除 cascading delete

20、級聯(lián)更新 cascading updates斷言 assertions日期和時(shí)間類型 date and time types默認(rèn)值 default values索引 index大對象 large object用戶定義類型 user-defined types 域domains目錄 catalogs模式 schemas授權(quán) authorization權(quán)限 privileges 選擇 select 插入 insert 更新 update 所有權(quán)限 all privileges 授予權(quán)限 granting of privileges 收回權(quán)限 revoking of privileges 授予權(quán)限的

21、權(quán)限 privileges to privileges Grant option角色 roles 視圖授權(quán) authorization on views執(zhí)行授權(quán) execute authorization調(diào)用者權(quán)限 invoker privileges行級授權(quán) row-level authorizationJDBCODBC預(yù)備語句 prepared statements訪問元數(shù)據(jù) accessing metadataSQL注入 SQL injection嵌入式SQL embedded SQL 游標(biāo) cursors可更新的游標(biāo) updatable cursors動(dòng)態(tài)SQL dynamic SQL

22、SQL函數(shù) SQL functions存儲過程 stored procedures過程化結(jié)構(gòu) procedural constructs外部語言例程 external language routines觸發(fā)器 triggerBefore 和 after 觸發(fā)器 before and after triggers過渡變量和過渡表 transition variables and tables遞歸查詢 recursive queries單調(diào)查詢 monotonic queries排名函數(shù) ranking functions Rank Dense rankPartition by分窗 windowi

23、ng聯(lián)機(jī)分析處理（OLAP） online analytical processing多維數(shù)據(jù) multidimensional data 度量屬性 measure attributes 維屬性dimension attributes 轉(zhuǎn)軸pivoting 數(shù)據(jù)立方體data cube 切片和切塊slicing and dicing上卷和下鉆rollup and drill down交叉表cross-tabulation第七章 實(shí)體-聯(lián)系數(shù)據(jù)模型 Entity-relationship data model實(shí)體和實(shí)體集entity and entity set屬性attribute域domai

24、n簡單和復(fù)合屬性simple and composite attributes單值和多值屬性single-valued and multivalued attributes空值null value派生屬性 derived attribute 超碼、候選碼以及主碼 super key ,candidate key, and primary key 聯(lián)系和聯(lián)系集relationship and relationship set 二元聯(lián)系集binary relationship set 聯(lián)系集的度degree of relationship set 描述性屬性descriptive attribut

25、es 超碼、候選碼以及主碼super key ,candidate key, and primary key 角色 role 自環(huán)聯(lián)系集 recursive relationship setE-R圖 E-R diagram映射基數(shù)mapping cardinality 一對一聯(lián)系one-to-one relationship 一對多聯(lián)系one-to-many relationship 多對一聯(lián)系many-to-one relationship 多對多聯(lián)系many-to-many relationship參與participation 全部參與total participation 部分參與pa

26、rtial participation弱實(shí)體集和強(qiáng)實(shí)體集weak entity sets and strong entity sets 分辨符屬性discriminator attributes 標(biāo)識聯(lián)系identifying relationship特化和概化specialization and generalization 超類和子類superclass and subclass 屬性繼承attribute inheritance單和多繼承single and multiple inheritance條件定義的和用戶定義的成員資格condition-defined and userdefined membership不相交概化和重疊概化disjoint and overlapping generalization全部概化和部分概化total and partial generalization聚集aggregationUML UML類圖 UML class diagram第八章