河南省百校聯(lián)盟2015一2016學(xué)普通高中高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)(A卷)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(Word版)

1、百校聯(lián)盟2015一2016學(xué)年普通高中高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)(A卷)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練一、科技說(shuō)明文考點(diǎn)設(shè)置及答題注意事項(xiàng): 1.科普類(lèi)閱讀的主要考點(diǎn)設(shè)置有事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題、詞義猜測(cè)題、推理判斷題以及主旨概括題等，其中推理判斷題居多。學(xué)生錯(cuò)題集中在科技說(shuō)明文上。科技說(shuō)明文是高考閱讀篇目的重要組成部分，學(xué)生對(duì)反映和總結(jié)世界前沿的自然科學(xué)和技術(shù)工程及社會(huì)科學(xué)方面的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、科研動(dòng)向和最新科研成果的文章了解得少，興趣不足，而且缺乏猜詞和分析長(zhǎng)句的能力以及存在一定的畏難情緒。 2.這類(lèi)文章的總體特點(diǎn)是:科技詞匯多，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，理論性強(qiáng)，邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。具體說(shuō)來(lái)它有以下特點(diǎn):文章中詞匯的意義比較單一、穩(wěn)定、簡(jiǎn)明，不帶感情色彩

2、，具有單一性和準(zhǔn)確性的特點(diǎn)。這類(lèi)文章通常不會(huì)出現(xiàn)文學(xué)英語(yǔ)中采用的排比、比喻、夸張等修辭手法，一詞多義的現(xiàn)象也不多見(jiàn);句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，語(yǔ)法分析較困難。為了描述一個(gè)客觀(guān)事物，嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)自己的思想，作者經(jīng)常會(huì)使用集多種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象于一體的長(zhǎng)句;常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，尤其是一些慣用被動(dòng)句式。 3.要想做好科普英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題，同學(xué)們就要注意平時(shí)多讀科普知識(shí)類(lèi)文章，學(xué)習(xí)科普知識(shí)，積累常見(jiàn)的科普詞匯，從根本上提高科普英語(yǔ)的閱讀能力;要熟悉科普類(lèi)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)?？破疹?lèi)文章一般由標(biāo)題(Headline)，導(dǎo)語(yǔ)(Introduction)，背景(Background)，主體(Main body)和結(jié)尾(End)五部分構(gòu)成。

3、標(biāo)題是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根據(jù)歷年的高考情況來(lái)看，這類(lèi)閱讀理解材料一般不給標(biāo)題，而要同學(xué)們選擇標(biāo)題。導(dǎo)語(yǔ)一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一個(gè)事實(shí)的起因。主體則對(duì)導(dǎo)語(yǔ)概括的事實(shí)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述，這一部分命題往往最多，因此，閱讀時(shí)，同學(xué)們要把這部分作為重點(diǎn)。結(jié)尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并與導(dǎo)語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)，命題者常在此要設(shè)計(jì)一道推理判斷題;在進(jìn)行推理判斷時(shí)，同學(xué)們一定要以閱讀材料所提供的科學(xué)事實(shí)為依據(jù)，同時(shí)所得出的結(jié)論還應(yīng)符合基本的科普常識(shí)。A Forget the pyramids，Tahrir Square and the Nile. Egypt is ready to ditch Cai

4、ro and build ashiny new capital if the government has its way. Fed up with pollution，traffic jams，a packed population with soaring rents，Egypt isteaming up with a developer in the United Arab Emirates to build a city in what could be oneof the world's most ambitious infrastructure programs.The y

5、et-to-be-named city will spread out over 150 square miles, or roughly the size ofDenver，and could eventually be home to 7 million people，the developers and governmentannounced Friday. The current capital of Cairo，while full of history and vibrant charm，is home to morethan 18 million people，and livin

6、g in and getting around the city can be maddening andfrustrating. The government says the idea is to reduce congestion in Cairo，which is projectedto double in population in the coming decades. An exact location was not announced，but the city is expected to be built east of Cairo. Itwill be closer to

7、 the Red Sea-between two major highways-the Suez and the AinSokhnaroads. The ambitions are big. In addition to the new embassies and government buildings，itplans to have an international airport bigger than Heathrow，solar energy farms，40，000 hotelrooms，nearly 2，000 schools and 18 hospitals-all linke

8、d together by over 6，000 miles of newroads. But if the dream is big，the bill will be bigger. The total cost is estimated at U. S.$45 billion，Minister of Housing MostafaMadboulyannounced at an economic development conference in Sharm el-Sheikh. The revealing of the new capital was paired with a glamo

9、rous website showing a luxuriousand technological urban view of glass towers and pools. The plan is backed by a group that describes itself as“a private real estate investmentfund by global investors focused on investment and development partnerships" led by Emiratideveloper Mohamed Alabbar. Al

10、abbar made his name as the founder of Dubai's Emaar Properties，primarily known fordeveloping the world's tallest building，the BurjKhalifa. Egypt is not the first country to plan on moving its capital from established big cities torural greener pastures. Myanmar(緬甸)has only recently completed

11、 its move from Yangon tothe new city of Naypyidaw. Nigeria moved to Abuja in the 1990's，and Brazil carved its capitalBrasilia out of the wilderness over 50 years ago. And then there was another crazy idea of building a capital city on a square of swamplandthat seemed mainly to be a boondoggle fo

12、r wealthy land speculators(商人)at the time. The city? Washington D. C.1 .Egypt is ready to join hands with some experienced developers to build a new capital mainly because of the following EXCEPT in the old capital. A. pollution and population B. its location and higher rents C. its long history and

13、 charm D. traffic jams and crowdedness2. The underlined sentence in the passage means that it is A. a new city with expensive infrastructure programs B. a new city with beautiful glass towers and pools C. an enterprising dream with abundant funds D. a noble dream with rich cooperative teams3. Which

14、city was the outcome of a crazy idea at that time? A. Abuja. B. Brasilia. C. Naypyidaw. D. Washington，n. C.B Why texting harms your IQ The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much assmoking marijuana(大麻).That is the statement of researchers who have found tha

15、t tappingaway on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking for electronic messages temporarilyknocks up to I() points off the user's IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence comparesunfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana，according toBritish researchers，w

16、ho have described the phenomenon of improved stupidity"in-Fomania”.The research conducted by Hewlett Packard，the technology company，hasconcluded that it is mainly a problem for adult workers，especially men. It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person's mind. I

17、tcan cause a constant distraction of“always on”technology when employees should beconcentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration astheir minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technologyinstead of focusing on the task in hand

18、. The report also added that，in a long term，the brainwill be considerably shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life. At amicrocellular level，the complex networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brainactually change in response to certain experiences. Too much use of mod

19、ern technology can be damaging not only to a person's mind，but totheir social relationship. 1100 adults were interviewed during the research. More than 62percent of them admitted that they were addicted to checking their e-mails and text messagesso often that they scrutinized work-related ones e

20、ven when at home or on holiday. Half saidthat they always responded immediately to an e-mail and will even interrupt a meeting to doso. It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and anxiety and affecting one's characteristics. Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mail

21、s or messagesduring a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude. The effects on IQ were studied by Dr. Glenn Wilson，a psychologist at University ofLondon.“This is a very real and widespread phenomenon，”he said.“We have found thatinfomania will damage a worker's performance by reducing their menta

22、l sharpness and changing their social life. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way ofworking.”4.We can learn from the passage that "infomania" A.has a positive influence on one's IQB .results in the change of part of the brainC. lies in the problem of lack of co

23、ncentrationD. is caused by too much use of modern technology5. The research mentioned in the passage is most probably about A. the important function of advanced technologyB. the damage to one's brain done by unhealthy habitsC. the relevance between IQ and use of modern technologyD. the relation

24、ship between intelligence and working effectiveness6. The underlined word“scrutinized" probably means A. examined carefully B. copied patiently C. corrected quickly D. admitted freely7. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要點(diǎn))C: Con

25、clusionC Are some people born clever，and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by ourenvironment and our experiences? Strangely enough，the answer to both these questions isyes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth，and special education can nevermake a genius out of a ch

26、ild born with low intelligence. On the other hand，a child who lives ina boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and variedsurroundings. Thus the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth，but whether or nothe reaches those limits will depend on

27、his environment. This view，now held by most expertscan be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to say that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closerthe blood relationship between two people，the closer they are likely to be in intelligence.Thus if we take two unrelate

28、d people at random from the population，it is likely that theirdegrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identicaltwins，they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters，parents and children，usually have similar int

29、elligence，and this clearly suggests thatintelligence depends on birth. Imagine that now we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. Wemight send one，for example，to a university and the other to a factory where the work isboring. We would soon find differences in intelligence

30、developing，and this indicates thatenvironment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact thatpeople who live in close contact with each other，but who are not related at all，are likely tohave similar degrees of intelligence.8. By using the example that two people clo

31、ser in blood relationship are closer in intelligencethat writer wants to prove A. intelligence can be developed by environmentB .intelligence is given at birthC. intelligence can be developed by experience D. education plays an important part in the development of intelligence9. A child who lives in

32、 rich and varied surroundings turns out higher in intelligence because A. his family is rich and therefore can afford to develop his intelligence B. he can break the limits of intelligence fixed at birth C. his family is rich and provides him with various healthy food D. these surroundings are likel

33、y to help him reach the limits of their intelligence10. In the second paragraph "if we take two unrelated people at random from the population" means“if we ” A. choose two persons who are relative B. take out two different persons C. choose two persons with different intelligence D. pick a

34、ny two persons11 .The best title for this passage might be A. Birth and Environment B. Factors Influencing Intelligence C. The Answer to a Question D. Intelligence and EducationD American beekeeping operations have been hit hard by what scientists call colony collapsedisorder(C. C. D.).Almost half o

35、f their worker bees have disappeared during the past season.C. C. D. has also been reported in Israel，Europe and South America. Bees fly away from thehive and never return. Sometimes they are found dead;other times they are never found. Manycrops and trees depend on pollination(授粉)by bees to help th

36、em grow. A new report says virus may be at least partly responsible for the disorder in honey beecolonies in the United States. This virus is called Israeli acute paralysis virus. It was firstidentified in Israel in 2002. Ian Lipkin at Columbia University in New York and a teamreported the new findi

37、ngs in Science magazine. Doctor Lipkin says the virus may not be theonly cause. He says it may work with other causes to produce the collapse disorder. The team found the virus in colonies with the help of a map of honey bee genes that waspublished last year. They examined thirty colonies affected b

38、y the disorder. They found evidence of the virus in twenty-five of them，and in one healthy colony. The next step isfurther testing of healthy hives. The researchers suggested that the United States may have imported the disorder in beesfrom Australia. They say the bees may carry the virus but not be

39、 affected. The idea is that unlike many American bees，the ability of Australian bees to fight diseasehas not been hurt by the varroa mite(全球性的蜂虱). This insect attacks honey bees, whichcould make the disorder more likely to affect a hive. Australian bee producers reject these suspicions. And some res

40、earchers suspect that bee production in the United States is down mainlybecause of the weather. Honey bees gather nectar(花蜜)from flowers and trees. The sweetliquid gives them food and material to make honey.But cold weather this spring in theMidwest reduced the flow of nectar in many flowers. Many b

41、ees may have starved. Dryweather in areas of the country could also be playing a part.Wayne Esaias is a NASA space agency scientist who keeps bees in his free time. He livesin central Maryland，where he has found that flowers are blooming a month earlier than theydid in 1970，which may be partly respo

42、nsible for the disorder. Wayne Esaias is organizing agroup of beekeepers to document nectar flow around the country.12. The researchers found the virus A. with the help of colony collapse disorder B .by researching the causes of bee death C. with the help of a map of honey bee genes D. with the help

43、 of a scientist of NASA13. What is the passage mainly about? A. American beekeeping industry has been strongly influenced by the bee disorder. B. Studies are being carried out on the causes of the bee disorder，but questions remain. C. How the causes of the bee disorder in U. S. have been found. D. T

44、he bee production in U. S. is down because of Israeli acute paralysis virus.14. How many possibilities may be involved in the bee disorder according to the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.15. We can infer from the passage that A. Israeli acute paralysis virus should be responsible for th

45、e disorder B. the solution to the bee disorder will be found eventually C. American bees are more likely to defend themselves than Australian bees D. the crop and plant production in U. S. may be influenced by the bee disorderE New findings suggest that brainy card games such as contract bridge may

46、temporarilyraise production of a key blood cell including in fighting off illness. After 90 minutes of play，bridge players had increased levels of immune cells，according to the research reported lastweek. A researcher，Diamond，studied bridge players from a women's bridge club. She chosebridge pla

47、yers because the game includes skills stimulating a part of the brain called thedorsolateral cortex. Earlier animal research suggests that this part of the brain may play a rolein the immune system. The findings are based on blood samples drawn from 12 women players. Their bloodsamples showed a rise

48、 in levels of white blood cells called T cells after they played bridge for90 minutes. T cells are produced by the thymus gland(胸腺)and used by the immune systemagainst diseases. The T cell count jumped significantly in eight of the bridge players，and slightly in theother four. The findings contribut

49、e to the field of neuroimmunology(神經(jīng)免疫學(xué))，whosename reflects the fact that the nervous system and the immune system are not consideredseparate and isolated systems. What isn't clear is whether the help to the immune system froman activity like contract bridge is lasting or temporary. It is also n

50、ot clear whether the increasein T cells could finally be targeted against special illnesses.16. Playing bridge can help one to fight off diseases because it can A. raise production of a key blood cell B. make people joyful C. make break away from the bad habits D. aid digestion17. Diamond chose to s

51、tudy bridge players for the research because A. the players are good friends of hers B .she loves playing bridge C. this game stimulates a part of the brain that has something to do with immune system D. she is a clever manager，who operates her bridge club well18. A T cell is cell. A. a brain B. a w

52、hite blood C. a red blood D. a kind of dangerous blood二、語(yǔ)法填空考點(diǎn)設(shè)置及答題注意事項(xiàng): 1.考點(diǎn)設(shè)置包括考查實(shí)詞和虛詞，實(shí)詞以動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞為主，其中動(dòng)詞又是重中之重;虛詞以介詞、冠詞為主。而句法方面主要考查并列句和復(fù)合句的引導(dǎo)詞。給出單詞提示的有匕道題，不給提示詞的有三道題。從考題的語(yǔ)法考查內(nèi)容及題目的設(shè)計(jì)可以看出，考查的都是最基本的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，綜合考查學(xué)生的雙基知識(shí)。 2.熟記大綱詞匯及其詞性轉(zhuǎn)化形式。尤其對(duì)一些詞組要特別重視，如動(dòng)詞的介副詞搭配，冠詞、形容詞等的固定搭配，這些都會(huì)提供很重要的解題線(xiàn)索。對(duì)于常用的、易錯(cuò)的詞要多下功

53、夫記憶，如不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞的變化形式，名詞、形容詞、副詞、否定等的構(gòu)詞規(guī)則等等，都要一一熟記在心。要養(yǎng)成積累的習(xí)慣，對(duì)固定搭配要了然于心，對(duì)典型句式做到脫日而出的程度。 3.清楚詞法和句法功能。要了解各項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法功能，要能夠準(zhǔn)確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分，如主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)通常由名詞、代詞充當(dāng)，謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，定語(yǔ)常用形容詞，狀語(yǔ)要使用副詞，介詞、冠詞的位置等等。對(duì)于句法主要是熟悉不同復(fù)合句的結(jié)構(gòu)，準(zhǔn)確判斷從句的性質(zhì)，并熟記各種引導(dǎo)詞的作用。掌握了這些基本的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，答題時(shí)才有充分的依據(jù)，否則就無(wú)從下手。在語(yǔ)篇中找線(xiàn)索，判定該填的內(nèi)容。這就要求考生要重視提高閱讀理解能力，平時(shí)可以選擇一些難

54、度中等的文章進(jìn)行精讀，研究文章的寫(xiě)作思路、組織結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)。善于發(fā)現(xiàn)線(xiàn)索，或找到關(guān)聯(lián)詞是需要考生動(dòng)腦筋的，一旦找到問(wèn)題就會(huì)迎刃而解。A Over the years I've been teaching the 1 (Britain)kids about a simple but powerfulconcept-the ant philosophy(哲學(xué))，an 2 (amaze) four-part philosophy. First, ants neverquit. If they're heading somewhere and you try to stop them，th

55、ey'll climb over，they'll climbunder，or they'll climb around. They never quit 3 (look)for a way to get where they 4 (suppose)to go!Second，ants think about winter and summer. They are alwaysgathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making 5 (prepare)for the long cold winter. So you have to think about storms in summer;think about rocks 6 you enjoy the sand and sun. Third，ants think about summer all winter. During thewinter，they remind 7 ，"This won't last long and we'll soon be out of here.”O(jiān)n the firstwarm day，the ants are out