時態(tài)講解 簡版

1、一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1 永恒的真理一般現(xiàn)在時可以用于陳述永恒的真理Summer follows spring.2 “現(xiàn)在時段”一般現(xiàn)在時可以陳述現(xiàn)在時段內(nèi)發(fā)生或存在的事件、動作或情況。這些事件、動作或情景說不定會無限期的延續(xù)下去。但實際上，我們的意思則是在說“這是現(xiàn)在存在著的狀況”。My father works in a bank.My sister wears glasses.3 習(xí)慣性的動作一般現(xiàn)在時可以帶時間副詞或不帶時間副詞表示習(xí)慣性動作，即不斷重復(fù)發(fā)生的事。I get up at 7.John smokes a lot.使用帶不定頻度副詞（如：always,never等）或帶副詞短語（

2、如：every day等）的一半現(xiàn)在時可使習(xí)慣性動作表現(xiàn)得更加明確。I sometimes stay up till midnight.She visits her parents every day.在以How often 開頭的問句及答句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在是：How often do you go to the dentist? I go every six months.4 表示將來這種用法往往用于談?wù)摃r間表、節(jié)目單或日程表上所安排好的事情的時候：The exhibition opens on January 1st and closes on January 31st.The conc

3、ert begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.30. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法1 說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作或事件。往往與now, at the moment, just等副詞連用，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)：Someones knocking at the door. Can you answer it ?有人敲門，你去開一下好嗎？現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行著的動作皆被視為未完成的動作：He 's talking to his girlfriend on the phone.他正在和他的女朋友通電話?？捎胹till 一詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性Hes still talking to h

4、is girlfriend on the phone.他仍在和他的女朋友通話。2 暫時情況 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可用來表示不會長期發(fā)生的動作或情況，或被認(rèn)為在短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀況。Whats your daughter doing these days ? Shes studying English at Durham University.你女兒現(xiàn)在在干什么？ 她在達(dá)勒姆大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)英語。這種情況不一定在說話時發(fā)生：Dont take that ladder away. Your fathers using it .別把梯子拿起，你父親在用哩。（即不一定現(xiàn)在在用。）Shes at her be

5、st when shes making big decisions.當(dāng)做出最大決定時，她處于最佳狀態(tài)。暫時發(fā)生的事情也可以是在說話時正在進(jìn)行著：The river is flowing very fast after last nights rain.昨夜下過雨后，河水流速很快?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時也用來表示當(dāng)前的動向：People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days .如今人們對吸煙較為難以忍受了。3 事先計劃好的動作：指將來現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可表示為將來安排好的活動和事件；除在上下文中意思清楚者外，通常需要一個表示時間的狀語：Were spend

6、ing next winter in Australia.我們將要在澳大利亞度過明年冬天。用arrive ,come, go ,leave 等動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時描寫行程安排，也通常有“將到達(dá)”和“將離去”的意思。Hes arriving tomorrow morning on the 13.27 train.明天早上他將乘13時27分的火車到達(dá)。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作時，可用狀語和上下文使語義不致含混：Look ! The trains leaving.看！火車開了。（即火車實際上正在開動）4 重復(fù)的動作副詞 always, constantly ,continually ,for

7、ever ,perpetually ,repeatedly 等等可與進(jìn)行時連用，表示不斷重復(fù)的動作：Shes always helping people .他經(jīng)常幫助別人。某些狀態(tài)動詞帶有always 等次也可用進(jìn)行時：Im always hearing strange stories about him .我常聽說關(guān)于他的一些怪事。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示某事發(fā)生的次數(shù)過多時，則有時含有抱怨的意思：Our burglar alarm is forever going off for no reason.我們的防盜警報器不知怎么常常失靈。一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別：1 一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時常用來解

8、說當(dāng)時發(fā)生的事件，特別是在電臺和電視廣播中。在這種情況下，一般現(xiàn)在時常用來表示說話時剛完成的快速動作，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時則常用來描述持續(xù)時間較長的動作：MacFee passes to Franklyn, Franklyn makes a quick pass to Booth . Booth is away with the ball ,but he 's losing his advantage.麥克菲把球傳給富蘭克林，富蘭克林快傳給布恩，布恩帶球跑開，但他處境不利。2 在示范和使用說明中使用一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時的這種用法是祈使語氣的另一種表示方式。它說明每一步應(yīng)該怎樣做：First y

9、ou boil some water .Then you warm the teapot .Then you add three teaspoons of tea .Next ,you pour on boiling water.你先燒些開水，然后把茶壺燙熱，接著放三勺茶葉，隨后沖入開水3 內(nèi)容簡介用一般現(xiàn)在時：Kate Foxs novel is an historical romance set in London in the 1880s. The action takes place over a period of 30 years 凱特.福克斯的小說是一部以1880年的倫敦為背景的

10、歷史傳奇。情節(jié)的跨度有30年4 報刊標(biāo)題、圖片文字說明等用一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：這種一般現(xiàn)在時通常以表示過去發(fā)生的事件：FREAK SNOW STOPS TRAFFIC反常的大雪使交通斷絕 一般將來時一般將來時由助動詞shall/will加動詞原形構(gòu)成。shall(用于第一人稱，will用于任何人稱。表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間連用。如：tomorrow, next week等。但在表示準(zhǔn)備、計劃、打算做某事時，常用be going to加動詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：We're going to see Uncle Wang tomorrow.1) shall

11、用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示將來。a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds, there i

12、s going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。 一般過去時一般過去時的用法：一般過去時的基本用法a)表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。He suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天他突然生病了。Th

13、e engine stopped because the fuel was used up.發(fā)動機(jī)因燃料用光而停機(jī)了。b)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。I wrote home once a week at college.我上大學(xué)時每周給家里寫一封信。He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.他童年時就養(yǎng)成了廣泛閱讀的習(xí)慣。注：表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作，除了用過去時外，還可以用used to或would來表示。She used to study late into the night when she was

14、in Senior Three.她上高三時經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。He would sit for hours doing nothing.過去他常常一坐幾個鐘頭什么事也不做。c)表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一系列動作。She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.她走進(jìn)房間，拿起一本雜志，認(rèn)真地翻閱了起來。The students go up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open

15、 air.學(xué)生們很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗讀英語。d)在時間、條件狀語從句中表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。We would not leave until the teacher came back.老師回來我們才會離開。She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.她告訴我如果第二天下雨的話，她就不去了。一般過去時的特殊用法a)在虛擬語氣中表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r間的動作或狀態(tài)。It's time we went.該是我們走的時候了。I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年輕20歲。I wou

16、ld rather you didn't do anything for the time being.我寧愿你暫時先不要采取什么措施。b)在口語中，一般過去時往往顯示委婉客氣。I wondered if you could give me a hand.我想請你幫個忙。Might I come and see you tonight?我想今晚來看你，好嗎？ 一般過去時的時間狀語表示一般過去時的時間狀語有：a moment ago(剛才)，yesterday morning，last night/ week，the day before yesterday(前天)，just now(剛

17、才)等。注意事項：A) 注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應(yīng)該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因為這樣的時間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時。B) used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別：你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對。Used to do經(jīng)常與 b

18、e used to doing sth/ sth結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對比。前者表示"過去常常或過去曾經(jīng)"，要求加動詞原形；后者表示"習(xí)慣于"，要求加名詞或動名詞。現(xiàn)在完成時表示到說話時刻為止已經(jīng)做或尚未做過的動作。常用already, yet, so far, by now, since two days ago, for a few days 等詞語作狀語。注：give, see, come, arrive, leave(離開)，begin, start, finish, join, become, borrow, lend, die, end 等點時間動詞可以用

19、于完成時，但在肯定句中不能與表示一段時的 since和for 短語連用，因為點時間動詞不能延續(xù)，而在否定句中可以與表示一段時間的for短語連用，因為否定的點時間動詞可以看作是一種可延續(xù)的狀態(tài)。Mike has come for a year.( )Mike has been here for a year( )Mike hasnt come for a year.（）過去完成時表示截止到過去某一時刻或在過去的動作之前（過去的過去）已經(jīng)做或尚未做的動作。By (=up to )last weekend we hadnt got any information.When he appeared,

20、we had waited for 30 minutes.現(xiàn)在完成時考點 考點一：考查基本概念例 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will know簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚攸c在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是?？键c二：考查時間狀語例1. He has

21、 _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still例2. Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago例3. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written例4.Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ;

22、 well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better例5. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying例6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I

23、_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語常有如下四類：現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故例1應(yīng)選B；例2應(yīng)選C?，F(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故例3應(yīng)選D，例4應(yīng)選C?，F(xiàn)在完成時時常與“for +時間

24、段或since +過去時間點”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。故例5應(yīng)選C，例6應(yīng)選C。現(xiàn)在完成時還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。故例7應(yīng)選B?？键c三：考查與一般過去時的區(qū)別例1. These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone例2._ you _ your homework yet ? Ye

25、s . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆，就是因為它們所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，說話的側(cè)重點在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動作，它不與表示過去的時間狀語（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）連

26、用。故例、的正確答案皆為B?？键c四：考查非延續(xù)性動詞的用法例1. His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in例2.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made例3.How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived例4.

27、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改變句子，句意不變）His uncle has _ _ for two years 例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .例7. It _ ten years since he left the army .

28、 is . has . will . was簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時中，非延續(xù)性動詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞來代替。常用的非延續(xù)性動詞及替代形式如下：closebe closed, put onwear , openbe open get upbe up, finish/endbe over , losebe lost ,marrybe married(to), fall asleep/ go to sleep be asleep ( sleep ) , get to know know come/arrivebe here/in ,come/ge

29、t backbe back , go/leave-be away , become be ,borrow keep , buyhave , begin/startbe on ,diebe dead , joinbe in/be a ember of ,catch a cold have a cold等，故例1、2、3、4的正確答案依次為：D、B、A、C。例5應(yīng)填been dead 。其次，可以用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞的過去時表示，故例6應(yīng)填joined；ago。再次，還可用“It is + 一段時間since從句”來表示，故例應(yīng)選A。考點五：考查詞組have/has been in / to與hav

30、e/has gone to的區(qū)別例1. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been例2. My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to .have been簡析：“have/has gone to + 地點”表示“某人去了某地（還未回來）”，指主語所指的人不在這兒?！癶ave/has been in + 地點”表示“在某地呆了多長時間”，常

31、與表示時間的狀語連用?！癶ave/has been to +地點”表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地（但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒）。”故例1、2的正確答案皆為A。要點提示:1 結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+done 表示過去發(fā)生的某個動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，或過去發(fā)生的某個動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。2 have/has been to 與have/has gone to的辨析have/has been to 表示“曾去過”，說明有某種經(jīng)歷。have/has gone to 表示“已去某地（在途中或已到目的地）”。e.g. She has been to Canada. 她去過加拿大。 She has gone to Canada. 她去加拿大了。3 瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞1）瞬間動詞表示短暫。不能持續(xù)一段時間的動作，如：come, leave, begin, become, buy, receive, die, join, borrow, lend, go,等。2）持續(xù)性動詞表示能持續(xù)一段時間的動作，如：w