四級漢譯英(共4頁)

1、1. 京劇(Beijing Opera)是中國的國粹。作為一門古老的藝術(shù)，京 劇的服裝（costume)、臉譜(facial mask)更易被人喜愛。不同的服裝 類型反映不同的人物身份特征。富貴者的服裝綴滿精美的刺繡;窮困 者的服裝則簡單樸素，少有裝飾(elemental)。臉譜是京劇中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的顏色在臉上勾畫出來的。臉譜的顏 色讓人一看便知角色(portray)的善惡。比如白色代表奸詐(treachery)， 黑色代表正直不阿，黃色是驍勇，藍、綠色多用于綠林好漢(rebellious fighters)，金、銀色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhis

2、m)等。漢譯英：Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of th

3、e poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general，white usually represents treachery, bla

4、ck represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.2. 現(xiàn)代人類約公元前50000年第一次從中亞或印度來到中國。這 些石器時代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿著毛皮。公元前 4000年左右，這些人開始種植水稻，并飼養(yǎng)羊和雞。約公元前3000年， 他們開始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前2000年，中國 人已進入

5、青銅時代(Bronze Age)，并開始用于寫字。約公元前700年， 中國的金屬工人學會制作鐵器工具和武器。漢譯英：Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By

6、 about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC， Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.3. 中國一個幅員遼闊、資源豐富、歷史悠久的多民族國家，每個 民族都有其獨特的豐富菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境、氣候、文化傳 統(tǒng)、民族風俗和其他因素的影響

7、下經(jīng)過悠久歷史的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成形。 最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、湘、徽菜系， 這八種被人們稱為“八大菜系”。中國的“八大菜系”是以多種多樣 的烹飪方法區(qū)分的，各有其長處。漢譯英:China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history ev

8、olution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cu

9、isines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.4. 許多剛畢業(yè)的大學生找不到工作，在校學生則擔心他們的未來。 多個調(diào)查顯示，三分之二的中國畢業(yè)生想在政府或者國有企業(yè)工作， 而不是為中國令人矚目的經(jīng)濟增長提供動力的民營企業(yè)。政府和國 有企業(yè)被認為能免受經(jīng)濟蕭條的影響。如今幾乎沒有大學生愿意放 棄政府的鐵飯碗而下海、加入初創(chuàng)企業(yè)或自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。漢譯英Many recent college graduates cant find a job and

10、students are fearful about their future. Two-thirds of Chinese graduates say they want to work either in the government or state-owned firms，which are seen as recession-proof, rather than at the private companies that have powered Chinas remarkable economic climb, surveys indicate. Few college stude

11、nts today, according to the surveys, are ready to leave the safe shores of government work and jump into the sea to join startups or go into business.5. 中國城市化(urbanization)將會充分釋放潛在內(nèi)需（domestic demand)。一些經(jīng)濟學家指出，在中國幾乎所有的發(fā)展中城市都面臨 著城市化的進程。這使得許多人的生活水平有所提高，也為人們提 供更多的就業(yè)機會。隨著越來越多的人向城市遷徙，住房及城市基 礎設施建設(infrastr

12、ucture construction),包括水源等能源的供應將會 成為城市發(fā)展的焦點問題。商品與服務的自由、快速流通是城市化 社會的一項基本特征。逐漸擴張的城市需要更多的零售店來滿足消 費者的需求。 漢譯英：Chinas urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country.

13、It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, including water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban development as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means bett

14、er access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.6

15、. 四合院是從明代的北京延續(xù)下來的古典建筑風格的住宅。四合 院之間的狹窄的街道被稱為“胡同”。_個四合院有園林包圍著四個 房子，有高高的圍墻保護。四合院與胡同都是人們常見到的，有超 過700多年的歷史，但是由于現(xiàn)在的城市改造和中國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展， 四合院慢慢地從北京消失。Si He Yuan is a classical architecture style of residential housing of Beijing citizens dated from the Ming Dynasty. The narrow streets between the Si He Yuan are cal

16、led “Hutong，s. A single implementation of Si He Yuan comprises of garden surrounded by four houses and protected by high walls. Si He Yuan with Hutong which have been very familiar to people，having a history of more than 700 years now suffer from the urban renovation and economic development of Chin

17、a, and they are slowly disappearing from Beijing.7. 茶馬古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)兩邊，生活著20多個少數(shù) 民族。不同的地方有著各自美麗而神奇的自然風景和傳統(tǒng)文化，比 如:大理，麗江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅魯藏布江大峽谷和布 達拉宮(Potala Palace)。古道的兩旁有廟宇、巖石壁畫、騷站(post house),古橋和木板路，還有少數(shù)民族舞蹈和民族服裝。時至今天， 雖然這條古道的蹤跡都消失了，但它的文化和歷史價值仍然存在。漢譯英Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road

18、lived more than 20 minorities. Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock paintings, post hou

19、ses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs. Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.8. 中國經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展，帶來了消費文化的曰益流行，同時也催 生了一批具有高學歷，充分享受資本主義消費模式的年輕人，他 們習慣于當月工資當月花。因而被稱為“月

20、光族”（the moonlight group)?！霸鹿庾濉币辉~出現(xiàn)于20世紀90年代后期，是用來諷刺那 些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的 年輕人。漢譯英：Chinas economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day. At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of yo

21、ung people who enjoy capitalist consumption way. Theyre used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called t6the moonlight group”. This word came into being during the 1990s, to make fun of those bom into wealth，who have received a high education, and who appreciate fast fo

22、od culture.9. 目前，全球變暖是一個熱門話題，但是有關(guān)全球變暖的各項證 據(jù)似乎還有些不同的聲音。人們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道，地球的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了 很多周期(cycle),盡管在歷史上還未出現(xiàn)過像今天這樣的時代，即 高度工業(yè)化(industrialization)產(chǎn)生如此多的污染。全球變暖主要是由 于二氧化碳氣體(carbon dioxide)的增多。Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there is also dissention about the evidence being presente

23、d to support the argument. The earth is known to go through cycles; although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollutioncurrently being experienced. A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.10. 聯(lián)合國下屬機構(gòu)世界旅游組織(World Tourism Organi

24、zation)公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國游客對全球旅游業(yè)的貢獻最大。中國人去年花 在出境游上的支出膨脹至1020億美元，同2011年相比增長了 40%。 聯(lián)合國世界旅游組織在其網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的一份聲明中說，這一增幅令 中國迅速超越德國和美國。后兩者在之前是出境游支出最高的兩個 國家。2012年德美兩國出境旅游支出均同比增長6%,約840億美元。The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the

25、global tourism industry. Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011. That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S. the former No. 1 and No. 2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year- on-year to around

26、 $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.11. 這周頒布的一項新法律要求子女必須經(jīng)常探望年齡超過60歲的 父母，并確保他們經(jīng)濟和精神上的需求得到滿足。星期二，新華社 報導了_條新聞，來自江蘇市無錫市的一位77歲的老太太起訴她的 女兒忽略她。這是新法律生效后的第一起案件，當?shù)胤ㄔ阂?guī)定她的 女兒至少每月探望母親兩次，并提供財力支持。但是這項法律引發(fā) 了爭議。有人說這給了那些因為工作、學習或者其他原因搬離家鄉(xiāng) 的人更多壓力。漢譯英：A new national law introduced this wee

27、k requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met. On Tuesday, Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her. In the first case after the new

28、 law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support. But the laws introduction has proved controversial. Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities.12. 就像向中國出售商品的公司會看到收益有損失一樣，中國經(jīng)濟 活動放緩有著世界性的影響。包括澳大利亞、巴西和東南亞在內(nèi)的 其他國家近年來都看到了巨大的利潤，因為中國對自然資源有需求。 中國的需求下降巳經(jīng)對很多商品的價格有了影響。上周，中國財政 部長樓繼偉表示,今年的經(jīng)濟增長可能為7%,而這不一定是“底線”。漢譯英：A slowdown in economic activity in China has a global impact as companies that sell to China may